Ocular injuries or trauma to the eye can be caused by variety of objects resulting in a spectrum of lesions in the eye. We did a Pubmed/Google/Science Direct search to review the spectrum of ocular injuries in Malaysia. In our review, we included 28 papers providing information on ocular injuries which were published from Malaysia during the period 1991-2016 in different medical journals. Prevalence was more among males with an average age of 35 years. Among adults they were more common in the workplace but in children it occurred at home. Few wore protective glasses at work. The mode of injury was due to sharp objects hitting the eye, motor vehicle and domestic accidents, firecrackers, chemicals and rarer causes like superglue and durian fruit. Prognostic factors for outcome were the initial visual acuity, length of the wound, associated factors like hyphaema, intraocular foreign body and vitreous prolapse. Missing the diagnosis of perforation of the eyeball is possible without eliciting a proper history. Protective devices must be worn to prevent injuries. Display of health education charts showing the effect of injuries in the eye and their preventive measures in health centres, private hospitals, schools, factories and sports centres will increase the awareness of public about the ocular injuries. It is important to diagnose the tissues involved in ocular trauma by the general practitioners and primary care physicians and refer the patients to the Ophthalmologist urgently for treatment to salvage vision. Compensation mechanisms should then be put forth in terms of rehabilitation and for monetary loss.

AIM: To study the prevalence of complications of cataract surgery and any association between the occurrence of complications and experience of surgeon, type of surgery, type of anaesthesia and visual outcome.METHODS: This was a retrospective study of patients who underwent cataract surgery over a period of two years in a district hospital in Malaysia. The demographic details of patients, type of surgery done, as well as type of anaesthesia used and experience of the surgeon were noted. The types of intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. The final best corrected visual outcome was recorded.
RESULTS:Complications occurred in 11. 1% of the total 1007 patients operated. Posterior capsule rupture (3. 6%) was the most common complication. The experience of the surgeon and the type of anaesthesia used did not affect complications during surgery. Intracapsular cataract extraction ( ICCE ) and phacoemulsification converted to extracapsular cataract extraction ( ECCE ) were significantly associated with more complications ( P < 0. 001 ). The visual outcome was significantly poor in patients with complications (P<0. 001).
CONCLUSION: The occurrence of complications during cataract surgery significantly affected the visual outcome. The type of surgery done was associated by the occurrence of complications. However, the experience of the surgeon and the type of anaesthesia used did not affect the occurrence of complications. We recommend that particular attention be given to ICCE and phacoemulsification converted to ECCE to minimise the complications and thereby reducing the chances of poor vision postoperatively.

·AIM: To determine the asymmetry in the sympathetic activity in the eyes as indicated by intraocular pressure (IOP).·METHODS: In a prospective cross sectional study, the IOP in 150 newborns, 80 young adults and 159 old people was measured with Tono-Pen under topical anaesthesia.·RESULTS:The meanIOP in the newborns was 16.16mmHg in right eye and 15.79mmHg in left eye; in young adults 15.04mmHg in right eye and 14.71 in left eye; in old people 15.16 in right eye and 15.03 in left eye.A statistically significant higher IOP was noted in the right eye in the newborns (P-0.03) and in young adults (P=0.02), but not in the old people (P=0.26). The higher IOP in the right eye indicates the lowered sympathetic activity in that eye.·CONCLUSION: We hypothesize that the sympathetic asymmetry in the bilaterally placed organs helps to establish the dominant pattern of the organ in the body.

AIM:To determine tear function tests values,Schirmer Ⅰ test(S Ⅰt),tear film break-up time(TBUT)in patients with pterygium.METHODS:A total of 100 eyes(50 with primary pterygium and 50 without pterygium)of 50 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were evaluated for S Ⅰt and TBUT.RESULTS:The mean S Ⅰ t value in eyes with pterygium was 19.6±11.6(range 1-40)mm and in control eyes without pterygium was 17.2±10.6(range 1-35)mm.S Ⅰ tresults were abnormal in 20 eyes(40%)with pterygium and in 21 eyes(42%)without pterygium(control);the difference was not statistically significant(P= 0.75).The difference between the groups was not statistically significant(f= 1.453,P=0.15).The TBUT in eyes with pterygium was 7.4±5.1(range 2-20)seconds and in control eyes without pterygium was 13.4±6.1(range 2-25)seconds.The difference between the groups was statistically significant(f = 8.029,P＜0.01).The TBUT was abnormal in 39 eyes(78%)with pterygium and in 16 control eyes(32%);the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:There was no significant difference in S Ⅰ t in eyes with pterygium compared to eyes without pterygium.There is reduction of TBUT in eyes with pterygium.