Objective: To evaluate the in-vivo antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of Mentha Pulegium against CCl4 induced toxicity in rats. Methods: Animals were treated with plant extract for 7 days and then toxicity was induced with a single CCl4 intraperitoneal injection. Pre-treatment with 600 mg/kg (p.o.) of ethanolic extract of Mentha Pulegium improved the glutathione, SOD, catalase, and peroxidase levels significantly as compared to control group. Results: The present studies revealed that Mentha Pulegium has significant in-vivo antioxidant activity and can be used to protect tissue from oxidative stress. The result showed that the activities of glutathione, SOD, catalase and peroxidase in group treated with CCl4 declined significantly than that of normal group. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Mentha Pulegium in the dose of 600 mg/kg, p.o., has improved the glutathione, SOD, catalase, and peroxidase levels significantly, which were comparable with Liv 52. Based on this study we conclude that Ethanolic extract of MenthaPulegium possesses in vivo antioxidant activity and can be employed in protecting tissue from oxidative stress.

Objective: Pharmacognostic Screening and evaluate the in-vitro free radical scavenging activity of roots Acacia leucophloea. Methods: Pharmacognostic Standardization, Physico-chemical evaluation of the roots of Acacia leucophloea was carried out to determine its macro-and microscopical characters and also some of its quantitative standards. Microscopical studies were done by using trinocular microscope. Microscopically, root showed cork, cortex, stellar region and calcium oxalate crystals. Petroleum ether, ethanol, aqueous extracts of Acacia leucophloea were prepared, with successive extraction in soxhlet apparatus. Each extract was selected to study the free radical scavenging activity by superoxide scavenging assay method. Results: It was found that aqueous extract contained carbohydrates, glycosides amino acids flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids; ethanolic extract contained glycosides amino acids flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids. Ethanolic extract of Acacia leucophloea shows maximam inhibition in superoxide scavenging model. Aqueous extract also showed almost similar activity compared to ethanolic extract), while Petroleum ether extract showed poor inhibition of superoxide scavenging activity. Conclusion: The present study on pharmacognostic standardization, physico and phytochemical evaluation of Acacia leucophloea root might be useful to supplement information about its identification parameters assumed significantly in the way of acceptability of herbal drugs in present scenario lacking regulatory laws to control quality of herbal drugs.

Objective: Anti-fertility activity of ethanolic extract of Jatropha gossypifolia leaf in female albino mice. Methods: Jatropha gossypifolia leaf extract, when administered orally, altered the estrous cycle pattern in female mice, prolong the length of estrous cycle with significant increase in the duration of diestrus stage and reduced significantly the number of litters in albino mice. Treatment of mice with extract of 250 and 450 mg/kg body weight/day for 21 days caused a prolonged estrous cycle with significant increase in the duration of diestrus phase and elongation of estrus stage in treatment with higher dose (450 mg/kg body weight/day). Results: The analysis of the principal hormones involved in estrous cycle regulation showed that the plant extracts altered gonadrotrophin release (LH, FSH and prolactinn) and estradiol secretion. Conclusions:The results indicated the anti-fertility effect of Jatropha gossypifolia leaf extract in female albino mice.

Carcinomas arising from an exstrophic urinary bladder are rare entities, and only seven such cases have been reported in the literature. We present the eighth case of advanced squamous cell carcinoma arising from an exstrophic bladder, with a pertinent review of the literature. The mean age of the patients was 54.9 years, with a male to female ratio of 3:1. The average duration of symptoms was 18.6 months. The appearance of a new growth was the most common symptom. Three patients had stage I disease, one patient each had stage II and III disease, two patients had stage IV disease, and the disease stage was not known in one patient. Five out of these eight patients underwent surgery. Four patients in the treatment group remained disease-free, with a mean survival period of 30 months. In conclusion, regular surveillance with cystoscopy is advised in all cases that had primary closure of the exstrophic bladder.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Bladder Exstrophy ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Pelvic Exenteration ; methods ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery

There is a lack of evidence regarding the use of betel quid (BQ) and its potential contribution to oral cancer. Limited attention has been directed towards investigating the involvement of BQ-derived organic acids in the modulation of metabolic-epigenomic pathways associated with oral cancer initiation and progression. We employed novel protocol for preparing saliva-amalgamated BQ filtrate (SABFI) that mimics the oral cavity environment. SABFI and saliva control were further purified by an in-house developed vertical tube gel electrophoresis tool. The purified SABFI was then subjected to liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry analysis to identify the presence of organic acids. Profiling of SABFI showed a pool of prominent organic acids such as citric acid. malic acid, fumaric acid, 2-methylcitric acid, 2-hydroxyglutarate, cis-aconitic acid, succinic acid, 2-hydroxyglutaric acid lactone, tartaric acid and β-ketoglutaric acid. SABFI showed anti-proliferative and early apoptosis effects in oral cancer cells. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations predicted that SABFI-derived organic acids as potential inhibitors of the epigenetic demethylase enzyme, Ten-Eleven Translocation-2 (TET2). By binding to the active site of α-ketoglutarate, a known substrate of TET2, these organic acids are likely to act as competitive inhibitors. This study reports a novel approach to study SABFI-derived organic acids that could mimic the chemical composition of BQ in the oral cavity. These SABFI-derived organic acids projected as inhibitors of TET2 and could be explored for their role oral cancer.

AIM: To study the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Tabernaemontana divaricata leaf extract on male albino mice. METHODS: Aqueous decoction and methanol leaf extracts were tested for their ability to reduce croton oil-induced edema in the mouse ear after topical application. The methanol leaf extract dose-dependently inhibited the croton oil-induced ear edema in mice (ID50 <500 μg·cm(-2)). A bioassay-guided liquid-liquid fractionation of this methanol extract gave four active fractions: water insoluble (F1), hexane (F2), ethyl acetate (F3) and water (F4). RESULTS: The hexane fraction showed a very high activity (42.1% inhibition at 0.7 μg·cm(-2)) as compared to the control. The other fractions were less active (F1: 56.1% at 506.2 μg·cm(-2); F3: 57.3% at 289.3 μg·cm(-2); and F4: 31.9% for 203.8 μg·cm(-2)) while indomethacin gave 48.8% of inhibition at 90 μg·cm(-2). The activity of F1 and F3 may be at least in part explained by the presence of anti-inflammatory flavonoids, while the activity was not correlated to the tannin contents. No compounds were detected in the most active F2 fraction. CONCLUSIONS The results give a rational support to the traditional use of T. divaricata in tropical India as anti-inflammatory agent.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; administration & dosage ; Edema ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Tabernaemontana ; chemistry