Introduction: In 2017, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) have introduced and recommended a Diabetes Risk Test for immediate detection of diabetes mellitus. Given the growing number of diabetics worldwide and in our country, early diagnosis and control of diabetes is vital. This study aimed to validate the modified filipino version of the ADA Diabetes Risk Test and the SLIM (St. Luke’s Internal Medicine) Diabetes Risk Test. Methods: Phase I of this study involved questionnaire formulation, forward-back-forward translation, pilot testing and cognitive debriefing, and initial validation process (content validity, face validity, and test-retest reliability). There were 30 participants in the pilot testing, six experts for content validity, 40 patients in face validity, and 30 subjects for the test-retest reliability. Results: The modified filipino version of the ADA Diabetes Risk Test and the SLIM Diabetes Risk Test formulated were considered relevant by majority of the subjects from the pilot testing and face validity and had content validity score from experts ranging from 80-100%. Items 1-4, and 8 of the questionnaires showed a kappa of one (p-value of <0.001) while the rest of the questions had kappa scores ranging from 0.60 to 0.86. Conclusion The St. Luke’s Internal Medicine (SLIM) Diabetes Risk Test, a 12-item questionnaire, was developed from the modified Filipino version of the ADA Diabetes Risk test incorporating other risk factors for diabetes to cater for adult Filipino patients. Phase I of this study showed that this questionnaire has acceptable content validity with moderate to perfect test-retesting reliability. Phase II of this study testing the criterion validity to determine diagnostic accuracy is ongoing.
Risk ; Risk Factors ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Cross-Sectional Studies

BACKGROUND: Various methods and equations are available to predict the basal metabolic rate (BMR). A published study comparing the Harris-Benedict Equation, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, and Indirect Calorimetry (IC), was done among Filipinos, and was able to obtain a novel formula for BMR. The purpose of this study is to validate this novel formula. METHODS: This is a multi-center, cross-sectional, validation study of the novel BMR equation, done among adult overweight and obese Filipinos, who were seen at St. Luke’s Medical Center and Providence Hospital in Quezon City, Outpatient Clinics from August 2019 to March 2020. Purposive sampling was done, and upon giving consent, subjects had undergone interview, anthropometrics measurement, and IC. RESULTS: 174 samples were enrolled. Mean age is 43 years old, majority are females. 27% have no co-morbidities; of those with co-morbidities, half have diabetes mellitus (DM). Mean weight is 74.30 kg; mean BMI is 29.78 kg/m2 . The mean computed BMR is 1174.70 kcal/day, which is 145.83 significantly lower than the BMR derived with calorimetry: 1320.53 kcal/day (P-value 0.000). However, the scatterplot reveals the linearity of positive direction for both values. 31% of the computed BMR fell within the +/-10% estimate of the actual BMR. Stratification of the results between those with DM and without, lowered the difference between the calculated and actual BMR to 46 kcal/day (from 145.83) among the DM subgroup, and increased the estimated accuracy to 38% falling within the +/- 10% estimate of the actual values. CONCLUSION: The novel BMR formula is linearly reflective of the basal metabolism of adult overweight and obese Filipinos, but the numerical values are lower compared to actual calorimetry results, yielding more accuracy when applied among patients with diabetes.
Calorimetry, Indirect ; Basal Metabolism ; Obesity Management