Objective: To observe other hemoprotozoan diseases with canine ehrlichiosis and to evaluate the clinical and hematological aspects of dogs naturally infected with ehrlichiosis with other hemoprotozoan diseases.Methods:Blood was collected for hematological value and Giemsa stained blood smear was made for diagnosis of Ehrlichia sp. and other hemoprotozoan parasites from naturally infected dogs. Case history was taken from the owner and clinical signs and symptoms were noted.Results:A total of 47 cases of ehrlichiosis in dogs were reported with babesiosis (8.51%) and hepatozoonosis (6.38%) hemoprotozoan diseases. Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia ewingii, Brucella canis,Babesia gibsoni and Hepatozoon canis were observed under oil immersion lense of microscope in Giemsa stained peripheral blood smears. Marked anaemia and neutrophilic leukocytosis were observed.Conclusions:The results of this study stated that clinical and haematological changes occurred in canine ehrlichiosis with babesiosis and hepatozoonosis due to parasitemia. In mixed infection, the disease more severe, and also it depended on immunity of animals. Babesia gibsoni andHepatozoon canis with Ehrlichia sp. were first reported from West Bengal state of India by this study.

Cerebral malaria is a serious complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection with a high mortality rate, usually present with diffuse cerebral involvement and rarely with focal neurologic defi cit. Here we report a case of a young adult without any risk factors for stroke who presented with quadriparesis and was diagnosed to have bilateral midbrain stroke-like syndrome due to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. This is an unusual presentation of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. In tropical countries like India, all patients who present with fever and neurologic defi cit should be tested for malaria.

A 65 year old male smoker was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of upper lobe of the right lung complicated with Horner’s syndrome and gradually increasing leucocytosis. Alhough the inflammatory biomarker level in serum was low, there was no definite way to determine the cause of the leucocytosis (whether infection or hematologic paraneoplastic syndrome). After empirical antibiotic therapy, his fever subsided but the leucocytosis persisted. It was difficult for us to take a decision regarding the priority of the treatment of infection or the lung cancer. Only after the first cycle chemotherapy, did the leucocytosis rapidly drop down. Normal serum procalcitonin level and quick response to chemotherapy indicated that leucocytosis was a manifestation of paraneoplastic syndrome. Treating the underlying cancer is the first step.

OBJECTIVE Investigate the effects of diazepam (DZP) on γ2 subunit containing GABA type A receptor (GABAAR) trafficking. METHODS Immunofluorescence microscopy measured surface GABAARs and gephyrin in rat cortical neurons after 24 h exposure of 1.0 μmol · L- 1 DZP. Biochemical studies of mice injected with 10 mg·kg-1 DZP vs vehicle were assessed for γ2 subunit and total gephyrin cortical levels 12 h post- injection. Ubiquitination of the γ2 subunit was studied by immunoprecipitation after 12 h of 1.0 μmol·L- 1 DZP exposure. A γ2 subunit encoding an N terminal fluorogen-activating peptide and pH-sensitive green fluorescent protein (γ2pHFAP) measured lysosomal targeting of γ2 containing GABAARs. RFP-gephyrin and γ2pHFAP synaptic diffusion rates were examined using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). RESULTS Extrasynaptic levels of γ2 GABAARs decreased by 12.2%, while synaptic gephyrin S270 phosphorylation increased by 18.3% in DZP-treated neurons after 24 h compared to control (P<0.05). Dendritic levels of gephyrin were also reduced to 74.1% of control, while S270 phosphorylation was elevated by 25.2% (P<0.05; P<0.01). Mice 12 h post-DZP injection demonstrated a 12.7% and 26.1% decrease in total γ2 and gephyrin levels, respectively (P<0.05; P<0.01). 12 h DZP treatment enhanced γ2 subunit ubiquitination 1.13-fold relative to control (P<0.05). Internalized γ2pHFAP GABAARs associated with lysosomes was 8.0% higher in neurons treated with 12-16 h DZP compared to control. Pilot FRAP experiments suggest gephyrin and γ2 have increased mobility and turnover at synapses following DZP. CONCLUSION DZP treatment decreases γ2 GABAAR levels and gephyrin scaffolding function after one day of exposure, which may contribute to the formation of DZP tolerance.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the free radical generation and antioxidant enzymes status in murine peritoneal macrophage during in vitro amikacin resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ARPA) treatment with different time interval.

METHODSPeritoneal macrophages were treated with 1×10(8) CFU/mL ARPA cell suspension in vitro for different time interval (1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h) and super oxide anion generation, NO generation, reduced glutathione level and antioxidant enzymes status were analyzed.

RESULTSSuper oxide anion generation and NO generation got peak at 12 h, indicating maximal free radical generation through activation of NADPH oxidase in murine peritoneal macrophages during ARPA transfection. Reduced glutathione level and antioxidant enzymes status were decreased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing time of ARPA transfection. All the changes in peritoneal macrophages after 12 h in vitro ARPA transfection had significant difference (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSFrom this study, it may be summarized that in vitro ARPA infection not only generates excess free radical but also affects the antioxidant system and glutathione cycle in murine peritoneal macrophage.

Amikacin ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Antioxidants ; analysis ; Cells, Cultured ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Free Radicals ; analysis ; Glutathione ; analysis ; Macrophages, Peritoneal ; immunology ; microbiology ; physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Oxidative Stress ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; growth & development ; immunology ; Time Factors

Introduction: Malaria is devastating infectious disease not only India but also throughout the globe due to its high morbidity and mortality factor for last few centuries. From 19th and early 20th centuries, almost a quarter of the Indian populations were severely suffering from malaria. The economic loss due to increased mortality in malaria was estimated 10 million rupees per year in 1935. According to the World Malaria Report of 2017, malaria incidence accounted for 58% of cases in India. The objective of this study is to prediction of “annual” malaria incidences in India, depending on the basis of last 22 years national malaria epidemiology data. Methods: This study uses data from the official website of the National Program for the Control of Vector borne Diseases (NVBDCP) (http://nvbdcp. gov.in/) from 1995 to 2016. For creating a forecasting tool on Malaria surveillance in India, Econometric forecasting model (ARIMA Model ((0,1,1) (1,0,0) 12)) was used. Results: ARIMA statistical model ((0,1,1) (1,0,0) 12) found to be highly effective and significant (P < 0.05) in prediction of future epidemiological surveillance of malaria in India. ARIMA statistical model could be successfully use in prediction of annual malaria incidences in India after adjusting different highly contributing environmental and geographical factors, such as climate change, temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity. Conclusion: The historical forecast of the occurrence of malaria in India will allow the government to improve planning, control and prevention through public health interventions. In addition, the pharmaceutical industry will assist medical members in pre-treatment and drug interventions to respond to the increased or decreased occurrence of malaria.