The present study was designed to investigate the antiperoxidative potential of p-coumaric acid, a common dietary phenol, in adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats.

To investigate the hepatoprotective efficacy of 6-gingerol against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the nephroprotective and antioxidant properties of Triphala against bromobenzene-induced nephrotoxicity in female Wistar albino rats.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of boswellic acid against monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation in mice.

METHODSThe mice were divided into four experimental groups. Group I served as control; mice in group II were injected with monosodium urate crystal; group III consisted of monosodium urate crystal-induced mice who were treated with boswellic acid (30 mg/kg/b.w.); group IV comprised monosodium urate crystal-induced mice who were treated with indomethacin (3 mg/kg/b.w.). Paw volume and levels/activities of lysosomal enzymes, lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidant status and inflammatory mediator TNF-α were determined in control and monosodium urate crystal-induced mice. In addition, the levels of β-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase were also measured in monosodium urate crystal-incubated polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) in vitro.

RESULTSThe activities of lysosomal enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and tumour necrosis factor-α levels and paw volume were increased significantly in monosodium urate crystal-induced mice, whereas the activities of antioxidant status were in turn decreased. However, these changes were modulated to near normal levels upon boswellic acid administration. In vitro, boswellic acid reduced the level of β-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase in monosodium urate crystal-incubated PMNL in concentration dependent manner when compared with control cells.

CONCLUSIONSThe results obtained in this study further strengthen the anti-inflammatory/antiarthritic effect of boswellic acid, which was already well established by several investigators.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; therapeutic use ; Antioxidants ; therapeutic use ; Arthritis, Gouty ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Female ; Glucuronidase ; metabolism ; Hydrolases ; metabolism ; Indomethacin ; therapeutic use ; Inflammation ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Neutrophils ; enzymology ; immunology ; Triterpenes ; therapeutic use ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood ; Uric Acid

Drug-induced liver injury is the common adverse effect seen in patients receiving antituberculosis drugs (ATDs). There are several risk factors associated with the development of hepatotoxicity in such patients. Though there have been appreciable efforts taken by carrying out studies investigating the efficacy of several natural and synthetic compounds in minimising this effect, the only choice available for clinicians is withdrawal of drugs. This review would give a precise idea of ATD-induced hepatotoxicity, its underlying mechanisms and alternative therapies for the same.

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the nephroprotective and antioxidant properties of Triphala against bromobenzene-induced nephrotoxicity in female Wistar albino rats.

METHODSAnimals were divided into five groups of six rats and treated as follows: Group I was a normal control and received no treatment, Group II received only bromobenzene (10 mmol/kg), Groups III and IV received bromobenzene and Triphala (250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively), Group V received Triphala alone (500 mg/kg), and Group VI received bromobenzene and silymarin (100 mg/kg). Antioxidant status and serum kidney functional markers were analyzed.

RESULTSBromobenzene treatment resulted in significant (P< 0.05) decreases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase as well as total reduced glutathione. There was a significant (P< 0.05) increase in lipid peroxidation in kidney tissue homogenates. There were significant (P< 0.05) reductions in the levels of serum total protein and albumin as well as significant (P< 0.05) increases in serum creatinine, urea and uric acid. The oral administration of two different doses (250 and 500 mg/kg) of Triphala in bromobenzene-treated rats normalized the tested parameters. The histopathological examinations of kidney sections of the experimental rats support the biochemical observations.

CONCLUSIONTriphala treatment alleviated the nephrotoxic effects of bromobenzene by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and reducing the levels of lipid peroxidation and kidney functional markers.

Acute Kidney Injury ; chemically induced ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Bromobenzenes ; pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Kidney ; metabolism ; pathology ; Kidney Function Tests ; Medicine, Ayurvedic ; Phyllanthus emblica ; Plant Preparations ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Plant Structures ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Silymarin ; pharmacology ; Terminalia ; Treatment Outcome