Objective To explore the influence of smoking upon the level of the serum interleukin and TNF-? in patients with bronchial asthma.Methods Sixty-five patients with bronchial asthma,grade 3 or 4 as asthma group and 50 healthy examinees as control group were selected.According to the smoking history,each group was divided into the smoking subgroup and the non-smoking subgroup.For each group,the level of cytokines in serum were detected,and at the same time,their smoking history and general condition were collected.The differences between the groups were compared and the relationship of all indexes was analyzed.Results Compared with the control group,the level of IL-2、IL-6、IL-8 and TNF-? of the asthma group was significantly higher(P0.05).The level of IL-2、IL-8 and TNF-? of the smoking asthma subgroup was significantly higher than the smoking control subgroup(P0.05).Conclusion The influence of smoking upon the level of cytokines of asthma patients is significant.The level of IL-8、TNF-? in serum of a smoking asthma patient increases.The level of five cytokines in serum of 65 asthma patients in our research is related to patient's condition severity.

Objective To determinted whether GM1 had a protective effect on injury induced by serum-deprivation and the possible mechanism in PC12 cells. Methods The viability of PC12 cells was quantified by MTT after serum-deprivation.The number of apoptotic cells and necrotic cells were determined by Hoechst 33258/PI staining.And the change of PKC protein expression on PC12 cells' membrane and cytosols was detected by Western blotting. Results 1.The viability of PC12 cells decreased after serum-deprivation and the serum-deprivation for 24 hours was chosen as an injury model in this research.Most of the PC12 cells presented apoptosis 24 hours after serum-deprivation.In addition,the PC12 cells' cytosols PKC protein decreased,while the PC12 cells' membrane PKC protein increased significantly,and this result suggested PKC's translocation to membrane and its activation.2.The viability of PC12 cells preincubated with GM1 in high concentrations(10,1,0.1?mol/L) increased significantly and GM1 protected PC12 cells from apoptosis after serum-deprived injury.GM1 reduced the damage of serum-deprivation on PC12 cells and inhibited PKC protein translocation after injury.3.The repair function of GM1 was effective to neuronal resume after serum-deprived injury.Conclusion Neuroprotective effects of GM1 on serum-deprived injury may be partly mediated through the regulation of PKC pathways and it is helpful for the recovery after injury.

The glycoproteins in the biological sample are low abundance and are susceptible to be inhibited and interfered by other non-glycoproteins.An enrichment step is usually required before the glycoprotein analysis, but the operation steps of conventional solid-phase-based glycoprotein enrichment methods are difficult to be compatible with the most classical enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) technique.In this study, a novel water-soluble dendrimer based boronic acid capture (DBC) material was developed using PAMAM 4.0 as the carrier and boronic acid as the affinity group.The method was applied to the detection of glycoproteins in human liver microsomes using ELISA.In this study, the DBC enrichment conditions were optimized by model glycoprotein, and then its sensitivity and anti-interference ability were investigated.This method was applied to the enrichment of glycoproteinsin human liver microsomal.The results showed that the enrichment selectivity of DBC for glycoprotein could be up to 100000 folds, and the enrichment signal of glycoprotein could be increased by 100 times.Therefore, the ELISA method using DBC as a novel enrichment material for glycoprotein had high sensitivity and selectivity in detection of biological samples with only one simple incubation step, which was useful for glycoproteins researches.

Twenty-one compounds were isolated from the rhizomes of Iris germanica by various chromatographic techniques such as silica gel, ODS and Sephadex LH-20 chromatography. Their structures were established on basis of physical properties, MS and NMR spectroscopic data Their structures were identified as ombuin (1), 5, 3, 3'-trihydroxy-7, 4'-dimethoxyflavanone (2), naringenin (3), cirsiliol-4'-glucoside (4), 3beta, 4'-dihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxyflavonone-5-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), genistein (6), irilin D (7), muningin (8), 5, 7, 4'-trihydroxy-6, 3', 5'-trimethoxyisoflavone (9), tectorigenin (10), irigenin (11), tectoridin (12), iridin (13), mangiferin (14), irisxanthone (15), pyroglutamic acid (16), 2, 4', 6-trihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-2-O-beta-D-glucoside (17), apocynin (18), androsin (19), beta-sitosterol (20), and daucosterol (21). Among them, compounds 1-9, 16, 17 were obtained from this plant for the first time, compounds 8 and 9 were separated from Iris species for the first time, compounds 1, 4, and 17 were obtained from the family for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Iris Plant ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

The LH and FSH responses to synthetic LH-RH and the prolactin response to synthetic T-RH were evaluated during different phases of the mentrual cycle in order to understand secretory capacity of the pituitary during the menstrual cycle. Eleven regularly menstruating women between 22 and 35 years of age with a usual cycle length of 27 to 31 days volunteered for this Study. Volunteers received an intra-venous injection of 100 microgram synthetic LH-RH and 200 microgram synthetic T-RH during the early and the late follicular phases and during the early and midluteal phases of the menstrual cycle. LH-RH induced a prompt increase in circulating LH, reaching the peak concentration at 30 minutes following LH-RH administration in all phases of the cycle studied. A change in responsiveness with greater and more sustained LH release from the early to the late follicular phases was observed. The response during the luteal phase was significantly greater than the responses in both the early and the late follicular phases. A concomitant but a much smaller FSH response was observed. T-RH elicited a prompt increase in circulating prolactin within 30 minutes and decreased gradually thereafter, reaching the baseline level by 2 hours after T-RH administration. Maximum concentration of prolactin was reached in 30 minutes following T-RH during all phases of the menstrual cycle. No variation in pituitary responsiveness to T-RH, however, was observed during different phases of the menstrual cycle. These data indicate that the sensitivity of the pituitary gonadotrophs to LH-RH varies during different phases of the menstrual cycle.
Adult ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/secretion ; Gonadorelin/pharmacology* ; Human ; Luteinizing Hormone/secretion ; Menstruation* ; Pituitary Gland/drug effects* ; Protirelin/pharmacology*

Objective To investigate the numbers of corpus luteum and ovarian follicles and compare the levels of serum prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2 ) in different phases of estrus cycle in female gerbils .Methods Consecutively taking vaginal smears of the gerbils and directly examined under light microscope to distinguish the four phases of the estrus cycle .Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to histological examination of the gerbil ovaries , and to detect the levels of serum PRL , LH, FSH and E2 by ELISA assay during estrus cycle .Results The proportion of cornified vaginal exfolliated cells could be the basis to distinguish four phases respectively:proestrus, oestrus, metoestrus, and dioestrus.Moreover, there were no significant differences between the numbers of ovarian follicles in different phases of estrus cycle .The numbers of corpus luteum in preoestrus were significantly lower than that in the other phases of estrus cycle ( P <0.05 ) .The levels of serum PRL and LH were increasing constantly from preoestrus to dioestrus , and both reached a peak at dioestrus ( P<0.05 ) .The levels of serum FSH and E2 both peaked at preoestrus , and were significantly higher than those at oestrus , metoestrus and dioestrus ( P<0.05).Conclusions There are no significant differences between the numbers of ovarian follicles in different phases of estrus cycle .Gonadotropin , prolactin and estradiol paly important roles in the regulation of estrous cycle .The phases during which surges of FSH and E 2 occur in Mongolian gerbils are similar to those of rats and mice , while the PRL and LH are different .Our findings provide further reference to the study of reproductive physiology of Mongolian gerbils .

Objective To establish a fluorescence quantitative Taqman-PCR method for rapid and accurate detection of mouse poxvirus.Methods After sequence alignment and comparison, ERPV_027 gene was selected as the primer and probe design gene.Furthermore, the specificity, sensitivity, stability and reproducibility of these primers and probes were detected.Results The detection limitation of this method was 68 copies/μL.Data showed that this method has high specificity, which specifically amplifies mouse poxvirus, with no amplification signal of mouse hepatitis virus, Sendai virus, Salmonella and some other viruses and bacteria.This method also showed good stability and reproducibility. Conclusions This study has successfully established a fluorescence quantitative Taqman-PCR method for detection of mouse poxvirus, with high specificity, sensitivity, good stability and reproducibility, and a broad application potential.

Objective To review the occurrence and relevant factors of adverse drug reactions (ADR) of Xueshuantong Injection. Methods Articles and documents in CNKI, VIP, and CBM were searched in June 2014 according to incorporation and exclusion standard. The dose, indication, medicating path and method, solvent, as well as the duration of treatment course and adverse reaction of Xueshuantong Injection were analyzed. The national information system for monitoring ADR was searched to collect adverse reaction cases of Xueshuantong Injection (2004.9-2014.9) reported in Lanzhou region. Cases were analyzed and under analogy with literature results. Results Totally 66 articles involving 4686 patients were included (except for patients of control group). Adverse reactions occurred in 767 patients, including skin damage (402 cases), systemic damage (221 cases), gastrointestinal system damage (75 cases). All of these were relieved after treatment. There were 11 adverse reaction cases of Xueshuantong Injection from Lanzhou region reported in the national information system for monitoring ADR. Conclusion There is a high incidence of adverse reactions in the clinical application of Xueshuantong Injection and ratio of serious adverse events report.

OBJECTIVE:To compare pharmacoeconomic and effect of Xueshuantong for injection and Ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole injection in the treatment of ischemic stroke. METHODS:Retrospective study was conducted. Totally 404 inpatients with ischemic stroke were divided into Xueshuantong group(271 cases)and ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole group(133 cas-es) according to clinical treatment programs. Based on the conventional treatment,patients in 2 groups were given Xueshuantong for injection and ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole injection,respectively. The average treatment course was 10 d. Cost-minimi-zation analysis was performed with the determination index of total effective rate. RESULTS:The total effective rates in Xueshuan-tong group and ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole group were 90.77% and 88.72%,respectively,the difference was not statisti-cally significant(P>0.05). The costs in 2 groups were 12 860.21 yuan and 13 155.40 yuan,respectively,and xueshuantong group had lower than ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamde group. CONCLUSIONS:Both Xueshuantong for injection and Ginkgo leaf ex-tract and dipyridamole injection are effective in the treatment of ischemic stroke. However,the economy of Xueshuantong for injec-tion is superior to the other one.

Objective To assess the changes of humidity and ammonia concentration in rat and mouse individually ventilated cages (IVC) based on macroenvironmental humidity and air ventilation changes .Methods Three kinds of rat and mouse IVC in barrier facilities were set as research objective .The changes of micronvironmental humidity and ammonia concentration at 40 times/h and 60 times /h air changes were detected continuously for a 7-days-cycle relative to low (40%), moderate (50%), and high (60%) macroenvironmental humidity.Results Mouse and rat IVC with 40 times /h air changes under low macroenvironmental humidity condition , mouse IVC with 40 times/h and rat IVC with 60 times/h air changes under moderate macroenvironmental humidity condition , mouse IVC with 60 times /h air changes under high macroenvironmental humidity condition , basically meet the GB14925-2010 requirements.While under macroenvironmental high humidity condition, the microenvironments of rat and mouse IVC with 60 times/h air changes could not satisfy the requirements.Conclusions The environmental humidity and ventilation frequency are the key index of IVC microenvironment.Only on the basis of external environment conditions to set up reasonable IVC ventilation frequency in order to better maintain the IVC microenvironment so that to achieve the goal of effective management .