Objective: This study aims to analyze the effects of catastrophic disease insurance (CDI), especially to evaluate the influences of CDI on the discrepancy of benefits between the patients covered by the Employee's Medical Insurance (EMI) and the Resident's Medical Insurance (RMI).Methods: The data used in the study are collected from the health insurance database of Zhuhai City in the years of 2012 and 2014.A descriptive analysis is made to depict the general situation of CDI in the city, and a logistic regression model is used to analyze the factors that affect the probability to get the benefits of CDI.Moreover, a triple difference model is built up to probe into the CDI's effects on the discrepancy of reimbursement ratio between patients covered by EMI and RMI.Results: The benefits of CDI favor the patients with old age, high medical expenditures and chronic diseases.When other factors are controlled, patients covered by EMI have lower probability to get CDI benefits than those covered by RMI.Within the patients with high medical expenditures who have gotten the CDI benefits, those covered by EMI enjoy higher reimbursement ratio than those covered by RMI, but CDI decreases the discrepancy by 3.2%.Conclusions: Since the CDI gives more favor to the vulnerable population and narrows the gap of the benefits between EMI and RMI, the policy improves the equity of health security.

Pancreatic cancer is a rapidly progressive and highly malignancy of the digestive system. In recent years, the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer has been in a slow stage of development, and the 5-year survival rate of patients remains very low. The main objective of translational medicine is to remove the barriers between basic medical research and clinical medical applications, to achieve practical integration between laboratory and clinic, and to accelerate the translation of the results obtained from basic research into clinical diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of diseases, thus promoting the development of life sciences. With the rapid development of the concept and technology of translational medicine, its application in the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer can bring new hope for effectively improving the overall prognosis of patients. The authors comprehensively analyzed the latest research progress of translational medicine in the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer in order to improve the early diagnosis and long-term survival of pancreatic cancer patient.

Aim To investigate the influence of sarpog-relate hydrochloride (SH)on the pharmacokinetic pro-file of dextromethorphan (DM),the typical substrate of CYP2D1 /2,in rats when they were administered co-instantaneously.Methods A total of 1 2 SD rats were randomly divided into two groups:the control group (DM,1 0 mg·kg-1 )and the sarpogrelate group (SH, 1 0 mg·kg-1 ;DM,1 0 mg·kg-1 ),which received in-tragastric administration.Plasma samples were collected immediately before and at different time points after drug administration.A LC-MS /MS method was used to determine the concentrations of DM in rat plasma. Pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed using Drug and Statistics (DAS 2.0).Results There were signif-icant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of DM,including T1 2 (2.49 h ±0.93 h vs 1 .47 h ±0.20 h,P <0.05 ),Cmax (325.7 μg·L -1 ±1 33.2 μg· L -1 vs 1 04.5μg·L -1 ±52.4 μg·L -1 ,P <0.05), AUC0 -t(785.5 μg·L -1 ·h ±451 .9 μg·L -1 ·h vs 244.8 μg·L -1 ·h ±1 68.3μg·L -1 ·h,P <0.05) and AUC0 -∞(804.7 μg·L -1 ·h ±445.6 μg·L -1 ·h vs 251 .4 μg·L -1 ·h ±1 73.4 μg·L -1 ·h,P<0.05 )between the two groups.Conclusion SH could significantly inhibit the elimination of DM,the substrate of CYP2D1 /2 in rats.

BACKGROUND: Bushen Huoxue Tongluo Capsule, a well-known traditional prescription, exhibits remarkable treatment outcomes in knee osteoarthritis, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: To explore the regulatory effect of Bushen Huoxue Tongluo Capsule on miR-27a of synovial cells in Sprague-Dawley rats with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: The model of knee osteoarthritis was established in 120 Sprague-Dawley rats using Hulth method, and then these rat models were randomized into four groups, followed by given75 mg/kg normal saline (blank control group), 34 (low-dose group), 75 (medium-dose group) and 140 (high-dose group) mg/kg Bushen Huoxue Tongluo Capsule aqueous solvent via gavage according to body mass, respectively, twice daily, for consecutive 2 courses (15 days as a course) with 2 days in between. The synovium and cartilages were removed after each course, and the expression of miR-27a in the knee joint synovium and chondrocytes was determined by real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Gross observation found that the degeneration of synovium and cartilage in the Bushen Huoxue Tongluo Capsule groups was milder than that in the blank control group. Real-time PCR revealed that there was an increasing trend in the expression of miRNA-27a in the synovium and cartilage in each group, especially in the high-dose group, and there was a significant difference between groups (P < 0.05). Our findings show that Bushen Huoxue Tongluo Capsule can suppress the reduced expression of miRNA-27a in the synovium and chondrocytes in rats with knee osteoarthritis, further alleviating knee degeneration and protecting the knee from damage.

Objective: To study change of serum high sensitive cardiac troponin T (hscTnT) concentration in coronary circulation of patients with non ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). Methods: The subjects were all selected from our hospital, including 46 NSTE-ACS patients （NSTE-ACS group）, 42 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP group) and 30 cases with negative coronary angiography results（healthy control group）The hscTnT concentrations in coronary venous sinus, coronary artery (CA) and peripheral serum were measured in three groups respectively. The results were compared and analyzed. Results: Compared with healthy control group, the hscTnT concentrations in coronary venous sinus, CA and peripheral venous serum all significantly increased in NSTE-ACS group and SAP group, P<0.01 all. Compared with hscTnT levels in CA and peripheral venous serum, there was significant increase in coronary venous sinus [(0.9657±0.5863) μg/L vs. (0.9562±0.7853) μg/L vs. (1.3018±1.1024) μg/L, P<0.05] in NSTE-ACS group. Conclusion: The serum hscTnT concentrations in peripheral vein, coronary artery and coronary venous sinus all significantly increase in NSTE-ACS patients, especially in coronary venous sinus.

In this study, the vaporization ratio of the 2-mum laser in the prostatic tissue with benign prostatic hyperplasia was examined in vitro, to explore a technique to estimate the clearance rate of prostatic tissue during the transurethral vaporesection of the prostate. A total of 9 fresh prostatic tissue specimens were obtained by open surgery and the wet weight of the prostatic tissue were measured immediately after the sample collection. Under the simulated conditions of transurethral vaporesection of the prostate by 2-mum laser, each prostate gland was completely vaporesected into fragments with a diameter of less than 1.0 cm in vitro. After the vaporesection, the whole fragments of prostatic tissue were collected and measured. Then the lost weight of prostatic tissue, the weight of the collected prostatic tissue and the ratio of the lost weight of prostatic tissue to the wet weight of the prostate glandular organ specimen were calculated. The correlation between the weight of collected prostatic tissue and the weight of the whole glandular organ was analyzed. All the experimental procedures were carried out by one operator. Wet weight of the prostatic gland specimen and the weight of the harvested prostatic tissues after the procedure were recorded. With respect to the wet weight of prostate gland specimen, the percentage of the weight of collected prostatic tissue was (34.45+/-1.51) %, and the percentage of the lost weight of prostatic tissue was (65.55+/-1.51)%. Satisfactory linear relationship was observed between the weight of collected prostatic tissue and the wet weight of prostate gland specimen [y=3.245x-6.475 (t=15.097, P=0.000)]. It is concluded that under the simulated conditions of transurethral vaporesection of the prostate by 2-mum laser, the vaporization ratio of prostatic tissue can be calculated on the basis of the weight of collected prostatic tissue, and thereby the clearance of prostatic tissue during the formal operation by 2-mum laser could be quantitatively determined.

BACKGROUND:Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is highly expressed in the degenerated intervertebral disc. The Herbal Compound formula Yaotu Granules for lumbar disc herniation has achieved good clinical results;however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE:To explore mechanisms underlying the effects of the drug serum of Yaotu Granules on NF-κB signaling pathway. METHODS:Eight New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into normal saline group, low-, middle-, and high-dose drug groups. Normal saline, 10, 20, and 40 mL of water decoction of Yaotu Granules were administered intragastrical y in the normal saline, low-, middle-, and high-dose drug groups for 7 days, respectively. The drug serum of Yaotu Granules was prepared using serum samples obtained from the common carotid artery at 2 hours after the last administration. Human nucleus pulposus cel s were maintained in DMEM containing 10%(v/v) drug serum for 24 hours. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The expression levels of interleukin (IL)-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, p-P65, P50, IκB-α(the NF-κB inhibitor), and IκB kinaseβ(IKK-β) mRNA in human nucleus pulposus cel s in three drug serum groups were significantly decreased compared with the normal saline group;in addition, a similar change in the expression levels of p-P65, P50, IκB-α, and IKK-βprotein between groups were detected. Noticeably, the expression levels of IL-8, TNF-α, p-P65, P50, IκB-α, and IKK-βmRNA, as wel as the expression levels of p-P65, P50, IκB-α, and IKK-βprotein were gradual y decreased with the increased drug dose. Al these results suggest that the drug serum of Yaotu Granules can protect nucleus pulposus cel s and delay their degeneration through blocking NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective:To explore influence of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP)on maximal oxygen uptake (V · O2 max )etc.in patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF)complicated moderate-to-severe ob-structive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS)and explore its significance.Methods:A total of 83 CHF com-plicated moderate-to-severe OSAHS patients were selected and randomly divided into routine treatment group (n=40)and nCPAP group (n = 43).Both groups were treated for six months.Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),apnea hyponea index (AHI)and V · O2 max were measured and compared between two groups before and af-ter treatment.Results:Compared with routine treatment group after six-month treatment,there was significant re-duction in AHI [(27.5±6.2)vs.(6.8±1.2)],and significant rise in LVEF [(0.45±0.07)vs.(0.48±0.05)]and · V O2 max [(16.5±3.5)ml·kg-1 ·min-1 vs.(19.2±3.4)ml·kg-1 ·min-1 ]in nCPAP group,P <0.05 all.Con-· clusion:The nCPAP can improve ventilation function,heart function and V O2 max in patients with CHF complicated moderate-to-severe OSAHS,who have received basic medication.

In this study, 17 kinds of Dendrobium species of Fengdous including 39 individuals were collected from 4 provinces. Mitochondrial gene sequences co I, nad 5, nad 1-intron 2 and chloroplast gene sequences rbcL, matK amd psbA-trnH were amplified from these materials, as well as nrDNA ITS. Furthermore, suitable sequences for identification of Dendrobium species of Fengdous were screened by K-2-P and P-distance. The results showed that during the mentioned 7 sequences, nrDNA ITS, nad 1-intron 2 and psbA-trnH which had a high degree of variability could be used to identify Dendrobium species of Fengdous. However, single fragment could not be used to distinguish D. moniliforme and D. huoshanense. Moreover, compared to other combined fragments, new type combined fragments nrDNA ITS+nad 1-intron 2 was more effective in identifying the original plants of Dendrobium species and could be used to identify D. huoshanense and D. moniliforme. Besides, according to the UPGMA tree constructed with nrDNA ITS+nad 1-intron 2, 3 inspected Dendrobium plants were identified as D. huoshanense, D. moniliforme and D. officinale, respectively. This study identified Dendrobium species of Fengdous by combined fragments nrDNA ITS+nad 1-intron 2 for the first time, which provided a more effective basis for identification of Dendrobium species. And this study will be helpful for regulating the market of Fengdous.

Objective To understand the relationship between the infants′iron-deficiency anemia and the dependents′KAP (knowledge,attitude,practice)of iron nutrition,and to provide a theoretical support for the prevention and cure of the infants′iron-eficiency anemia.Methods A total of 960 infants,aging from 6 months to 36 months,were randomly chosen as samples at the child care clinics in Wuhan while they were doing their routine health check-up there.Their hemoglobin was examined.Their dependents were asked to fill in questionnaires about KAP of iron nutrition.Results The ratio of anemia in infants in Wuhan is 26.6%.The ra-tio difference of different age groups has statistical significance(P <0.05).The dependents′KAP of iron nutrition is in direct pro-portion to their educational level and family income.The ratio of anemia in infants is in inverse proportion to their dependents′edu-cational level and family income.The dependents′knowledge,attitude and practice of iron-intake were positively related.The aver-age score of guardian nutrition knowledge(K)was (11.96±3.77)points,the average score of attitude(A)was (7.09±2.80)points while the average score of feeding practice(P)was (18.05±3.60)points.Conclusion Much publicity should be given to the knowl-edge of iron nutrition and it should be conducted from various perspectives,in order to improve the cognitive level of the depend-ents′knowledge of iron nutrition and to lower the ratio of anemia in infants.