The number of chemicals that are synthesized each year has been steadily increasing. Chemicals are of immense benefits to mankind,many of which,however,have a significant negative impact on the environment as well as human health primarily due to their inherent chemistry and toxici?ty. Human exposure to numerous toxic chemicals takes place not only in the environment and but also in the workplace. Therefore,new approaches to toxicology need to developed. A milestone in this regard is the versions of the US National Research Council ″Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century:a Vision and a Strategy ″ and ″Science and Decisions:Advancing Risk Assessment ″. The versions require a radical paradigm shift in the approach to safety assessment and in the traditional procedure where animal experiments used to be the dominating technology. The future of toxicology suggests a new conceptual framework within which in vitro and in silico approaches based on human materials are used to under?stand disease pathways at multiple biological levels that are analogous to adverse outcome pathways in toxicology. This paper focuses on the many challenges and issues that need to be solved in this area.

Objective　To study the change and clinical implications of tumor necrosis(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in the lung cancer patients. Methods　Serum TNF-α and IL-6 level in 55 of lung cancer cases and 40 in normal control group were assayed by ELISA. Results　Serum TNF-α and IL-6 level were significantly higher in the lung cancer patients than in normal control(P<0.01). The activity of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum of the no operational patients (with lymphanode matastasis) was higher than the recurrent patients of post-operation (P<0.01). Conclusion　The activity of serum TNF-α and IL-6 may be associated with development of the lung cancer. The determination of TNF-α and IL-6 levels in serum can help to observe the lung cancer state as a assistant monitor methods.

Objective] To summarize professor Shen Hong's clinical experience in treating chronic atrophic gastritis. [Method] By following the teacher clinic and sorting out the related medical materials, the author summarizes professor Shen Hong's academic experience of treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis, and for proven cases. [Result] Professor Shen Hong thinks that the essence of pathogenesis is the weakness of the spleen and stomach. Qi stagnation, damp stagnation and blood stasis are common pathological factors. The characteristic of the disease is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality. The location of disease is in stomach, relating to liver and spleen. The principle of treatment should be strengthening the spleen and stomach. It is also very important to treat accompanying symptoms and balance property of Chinese medicines. Prof. Shen emphasizes the combination of disease and syndrome differentiation and the integration of TCM and western medicine. He attaches much weight to diet and psychotherapy. The medication is concise and the prescription changes flexibly with the permitted addition and subtraction. The clinical curative effect is satisfactory. [Conclusion] Professor Shen Hong 's experience is effective and worthy of inheritance and promotion.

The traditional Chinese medicinal therapy of the eye acupuncture is one of superior microacupuncture therapies which was invented by famous acupuncture professor Peng Jing-shan. Through needling points around the eye, the treatment can treat the diseases of whole body, especially for curing apoplectic paralysis. This article expounded and analyzed the mechanism of eye acupuncture in treating apoplectic paralysis through medical theory, biological holographic theory, modern nerves anatomy and nerves physiology.

[Objective] To evaluate the value of Fulcrum-bending radiograph and new treatment strategy to the scoliosis with Chiari malformation and/or syringomyelia,and to analyze the effect of operation.[Methods]Eighteen cases suffering from scoliosis with Chiari malformation and/or syringomyelia were divided into 2 groups for surgical treatment.(1)Group 1:six cases had scoliosis with Chiari malformation and/or syringomyelia without obvious neurological impairment.Their scoliosis was corrected with anteroposterior instrumentation afer one week of Halo's traction.(2)Group 2:another 12 patients having similar scoliosis underwent posterior orthopedic operation according to the result of preoperative suboccipital Fulcrum-bending radiograph.[Results]In 6 patients who underwent opration after traction,the average frontal correction rate was 61%.In another 6 cases having soft scoliosis with only posterior operation,the average frontal correction rate was 60%,and the result of opration came close to the Fulcrum-bending radiograph's.But in 6 cases having rigid scoliosis with only posterior operation,the average frontal correction rate was 52%.One patient had nervous lesion and gradually recovered.There existed excessive rectification.[Conclusion]Patients with soft scoliosis with Chiari malformation and/or syringomyelia without obvious neurological impairment can be operated on according to Fulcrum-bending radiograph without preoperative traction,and the therapeutic effect is similar to classic operative result.

OBJECTIVE:To promote physicians and pharmacists obtain thorough knowledge about drug fever and its main features,clinical manifestation and identification evidence so as to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment. METHODS:The step and process of clinical pharmacists involving in medical consultation and intervention for drug fever were introduced and related knowledge of drug fever was interpreted term-by-term. RESULTS:Drug fever was common in the process of medical diagnosis and treatment. Once occurrence time of drug fever,feature of thermal variation and accompanying body reaction were observed, the relevant diagnosis can be conducted. CONCLUSION:Clinical pharmacists involving in ward around and medical consultation contribute to medical diagnosis,treatment and patient using drug safely,effectively,economically and rationally.

It is of great importance that deep learning of computer for the automate identification of the two-dimensional image of Chinese herbal slices is valuable in the application to medicine,production and education.Traditional methods usually extract low-level image features for the identification,but they cannot give robust recognition results under complex backgrounds.Therefore,higher level image representation is necessary in the image identification.A public Chinese herbal medicine database was constructed with 50 common categories and 2,554 images in total,for training and evaluating our recognition model.Then,the sofimax loss function was adopted to train the convolutional neural network model.As a result,the convolutional neural network can achieve the average precision of 70％ under all the 50 medicine herbal classes.In conclusion,convolutional neural network can obtain good results in image identification with complex backgrounds and mutually occluded herbal slices,which has promising potential for future applications.

Wilms' tumor is the most common kidney tumor in childhood.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are about the size of 19-22 nucleotide sequences that exist widely in the non-coding RNA in eukaryotes,function primarily through combination with mRNA target base pairing causing target mRNA degradation or inhibition of translation,and then develop his inhibiting or promoting the role of tumor.Abnormal expressions of miRNAs can cause a lot of kidney diseases,such as chronic kidney disease,polycystic kidney disease,renal fibrosis and renal cancer.Wilms'tumor,abnormal expression of key genomes,such as miR-17-92,miR-185,miR-204,miR-48 anomalies and tumors are closely related.Paper of miRNAs in incidence of Wilms'tumor expression,and the possible role for future targeted gene targeted drug sites are reviewed.