BACKGROUND: The wear resistance and hardness of artificial tooth would affect repairing effects in clinic. However, there is lack of professional standard for resin teeth in China.OBJECTIVE: To provide a theoretic foundation for the choosing of the resin teeth in clinic via comparing the wear resistance and hardness among 7 different resin teeth.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A contrast observation. The experiment was performed at the laboratory of Mechanical Engineering College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University from November 2003 to May 2004.MATERIALS: A total of 7 kinds of different resin teeth were selected, namely, hard multi-layer synthetic resin teeth (A); multi-layer synthetic resin teeth (B); synthetic resin teeth (C); EMDURA resin teeth (D); three-layer synthetic resin teeth (E); optostar four-layer synthetic resin teeth (F); and Cosmo HXL (G).METHODS: The wear test was processed by a pin-plate wear machine. The result was measured by the weight loss through wearing and the surfaces of the wear scar were observed by a scanning electronic microscope (SEM); hardness was measured by Knoop hardness. Meanwhile, the relativity between the hardness and wear resistance of resin teeth was analyzed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The wear resistance and hardness of resin teeth.RESULTS: According to the weight loss and SEM examination, the wear resistance of the different resin teeth was D>A>G>E>B>F>C; and the hardness of different resin teeth was D>A>G>E>F>B>C. The correlation coefficient between the weight loss and hardness was -0.888 (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: The variation of the wear resistance of the resin teeth may influenced by their different components, molecular weight and manufacturel methods. There are positive correlation between the hardness and wear resistance of resin teeth.

BACKGROUND:Nonunion is a common clinical problem of bone fracture. For decades, with the help of
internal/external fixation materials, popularization of microsurgical technique, innovation of bone graft materials, especial y molecular biology techniques, breakthrough progress has been made in the treatment of nonunion. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research progress of treatment in nonunion and to provide better technology theory and choices of method for the treatment of nonunion in future.
METHODS:The PubMed database and CNKI database were retrieved by the first author for the articles related to reason and treatment method of nonunion published from January 1990 to May 2013. The key words were
“fracture nonunion, treatment, progress”. For the articles in the same field, those published recently or in authorized journals were selected.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The repetitive and old articles were eliminated, and final y 48 articles were selected for further analysis. At present, two methods can be used in the treatment of nonunion, including
nonsurgical method and surgical method, the surgical method is utilized more frequently and more efficiency in clinic. Fracture healing is the complex process involving various aspects, and once the nonunion occurred,
different patients should be treated with different methods, and the combination of various surgical and
nonsurgical methods can be used if necessary to obtain satisfactory effect. But al the treatment methods should pay attention to soft tissue protection.

Objective　To evaluate the status of urological laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) technique in China.　Methods　We had conducted a systematic review of literatures of urological laparoendoscopic single-site surgery published from Chinese institutions using WanFang,CNKI,VIP,CBM,GoogleScholar and MEDLINE databases.All relevant articles were selected with consensus and analyzed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.　Results　Overall,205 articles from 66 different centers all over China published between January 2009 and June 2012 were included in the analysis. Of which,there were 26 articles of science citation index papers and 179 articles from Chinese academic journals.The included literature was mainly composed of case series reports ( 133 articles,64.9％ ),comparison studies (13 articles,6.3％ ),reviews or comments (20 papers,9.8％ ),nursing related papers (28 pieces,13.7％ ),animal surgery studies (6 articles,2.9％ ),and training (5 articles,2.4％ ).A total of 1790 clinical cases were reported during the study period,56.9％ of these were procedures done in the upper urinary tract,only 5.8％ were in the lower urinary tract,and 37.3％ were genital or other procedures.Procedures of tumor-related and reconstruction required accounted for 18.8％ and 18.7％,respectively.Pure single-port technique was applied on 58.3％ of cases.In cases of a single-port platform used,45.6％ used the commercially available devices and 54.4％ used homemade devices.Transperitoneal accesses were adopted in 59.5％ of cases and the other 40.5％ were performed through extraperitoneal approaches.The umbilicus was used as the site of access in 58.5％ of cases.A total of 25 indications were reported,including adrenalectomy,nephrectomy and ureterolithotomy,etc. in the upper urinary tract,radical cystectomy,radical prostatectomy and transvesical enucleation of the prostate,etc.in the lower urinary tract,and varicocelectomy,orchidopexy and others. The three most often done procedures were varicocelectomy (601　cases,33.6％ ),renal cyst decortication (408 cases,22.8％ ) and adrenalectomy ( 179 cases,10.0％ ).The overall conversion rate was 5.5％,and complications were encountered in 3.4％ of cases.　Conclusions Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery has been widely adopted by Chinese urologists and largely covered the spectrum of conventional urologic laparoscopic procedures,with most of these being non-reconstructive operations for the treatment of benign diseases.In large,we are still under the initial stage of LESS application in urology.And more work on creative innovation and well-designed studies are needed to further evaluate its role in the urological minimally invasive surgery.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of rehabilitation in treatment of patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. Methods 64 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage according to whether the implementation of the rehabilitation treatment of patients were randomly divided into two groups, the observation group and the control group,and each group(32 cases) was observed at two of the limb motor function,activities of daily living and quality of life scores. Results There were high blood pressure in patients with cerebral hemorrhage FuglMeyer score, Barthel index score, QQL quality of life score after 4 weeks after treatment, scores were significantiy improved by the test showed significant difference( all P ＜0. 05). Conclusion Active rehabilitation in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage could improve the patients' limb motor function and daily life, improve quality of life of patients.

Objective To compare biomechanical performances of parallel plate fixation and vertical plate fixation for better clinical treatment of humeral intercondylar comminuted fractures (HICF).Methods Models of T-shaped fracture were created using an osteotome at the distal end of humerus in 6 specimens of upper limb in 3 human adult cadavers.The 2 fracture models of left and right humeri in the same cadaver were respectively fixated with parallel plating and vertical plating.On a biomaterial-testing machine,a vertical load was applied onto the fixated distal humerus at a speed of 5 N/s till it reached 2000 N.The loading was repeated 3 times.Vertical compression displacement,intercondylar separating displacement,deformation of medial and lateral condyles and vertical compression stiffness were documented for statistic analyses. Results Under the same load,parallel plating led to significantly less compression displacement,separating displacement and deformation of condyles( P ＜ 0.05) but significantly greater axial compression stiffness( P ＜ 0.05) than vertical plating. Conclusion In biomechanics,parallel plate fixation has better performance than vertical plate fixation for HICF.

So far, there is no effective treatment for most of patients with sensorineural hearing loss. Many studies have shown that gene therapy has become more promising in terms of protecting the inner ear from these diseases. In recent years, inner ear gene therapy has become a research focus in the field of otology. It has not yet appeared a feasible technique for inner ear gene therapy in clinical application due to the particularity of the structure and function of inner ear. On the other hand, in order to avoid the adverse effects of carcinogenic and immunity caused by viral vectors, many scholars devote themselves to develop new gene vectors based on non-viral materials, such as liposomes, polymers and other nanomaterials. In recent years, many great progresses have been made in development and application of non-viral vectors, which showing an inspiring prospect. The research status, progress and prospects of non-viral vectors in inner ear gene therapy will be discussed in this review.
Animals ; Ear, Inner ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans

Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of the platelet parameters in tumor patients before or after radiochemotherapy.Methods The platelet parameters(PLT,PCT,MPV,PDW)were detected in 65 cases of tumor patients before and after radiochemotherapy by the Sysmex XN-1000 automatic hemacytology analyzer.Then the detection results were com-pared with those in the control group.Results Compared with the control group,PLT and MPV before therapy in the tumor pa-tients were significantly increased(P <0.01),but PCT and PDW had no statistical differences between the two goups(P >0.05). PLT,PCT and MPV after radiochemotherapy in the tumor patients were significantly lower than those before treated(P <0.01 ), but no statistically significant difference in PDW was found(P >0.05).Conclusion The measuration of platelet parameters in the tumor patients with radiochemotherapy has certain clinical significance to observe the status of the bone marrow suppression and es-timate the state of illness.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expressions of TMPRSS4 and clinical pathologi-cal parameters in gastric carcinoma. To explore its significance in judging the prognosis of patients. To analyze the expression of TMPRSS4 in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Methods The expressions of TMPRSS4, E-cad-herin and Vimentin were detected by immunohistochemistry ( SABC) in 100 cases of gastric carcinoma specimens and corresponding adjacent normal tissue. Results In gastric carcinoma, TMPRSS4, E-cadherin and Vimentin positive rate was 47%,45%,37%. In adjacent tissues,their positive rate was 9%,30%,4%. The differences be-tween tumor tissues and adjacent tissues had statistical significance ( P<0.05 ) . High expression of TMPRSS4 cor-related significantly with lymph node metastases and TNM stage (P<0.05), but not with gender, age, size, tumor histological type,depth of invasion (P>0.05). The 5-year survival rate of patients with high TMPRSS4 expression was significantly lower than that in patients with low expression. The high TMPRSS4 expression was significantly correlated in gastric carcinoma accompanied by low expression of E-cadherin (rs = -0.207,P=0.038) and high Vimentin expression (rs=0.233,P=0.020). Conclusion The expression of TMPRSS4 is closely related to the biological characteristics in gastric carcinoma,detection the expression of TMPRSS4 is valuable in predicting tumor prognosis,invasion and metastasis. TMPRSS4 may promote invasion, metastasis of human gastric carcinoma through epithelial-mesenchymal transition by reduce the expession of E-cadherin.

This paper reports the determination of sex of human blood stains in threecriminal cases by the DNA amplification technique.The results fit the cases de-tails and gave the scientific evidence for the justice.The blood stains were dige-sted with proteinase K.The protein was extracted with the phenol-chloroform.The DNA was precipitated with NaCl and ethyl alcohol.Amplification of DNAwas carried out using two pairs of primer Y1.1 Y1.2 and Alu9.1 Alug.2 and heatstable FD polymerase.The amplified products were subjected to agarose gel(con-taining ethidium bromide)electrophoresis.Sex of blood stains was determinedaccording to the amplified products.PCR technique is rapid to perform,sensitiveand simple.No special equipments and isotope labelled probe are required.

Taking the network course of pediatric dentistu-occlusal inducement as an example,this paper put forwards several aspects that should be focused on,including building a strong team to implement the project; taking advantage of muhimedia and providing rich teaching resources in various forms,breaking traditional teaching modes and taking full advantage of the characteristics of the network platform to provide students with individualized teaching service ; building self-regulatory system and real-time interactive platform for teachers and students; establishing long-term mechanism,cultivating a network course reserve team with modernization quality and updating teaching content constantly to let it become an open teaching platform Finally the paper explained the significance of network course construction and promotion.