Objective　To study radiotherapy in the treatment of uterine sarcomas and response to radiation in primary or recurrent uterine sarcomas. Methods　A total of 102 uterine sarcomas treated in the Cancer Hospital from May 1960 to June 1999. A retrospective review of 45 patients receiving surgery alone, 29 patients for postoperative radiotherapy, 4 radiotherapy alone, 24 recurrent sarcomas receiving radiotherapy. Results　The 5-year overall survival for 45 patients treated with surgery alone and 29 patients managed by postoperative radiotherapy were 56.7% and 58.6% respectively (P>0.05). The addition of radiotherapy significantly reduced the local recurrence rate from 42.2% to 20.7% （P<0.05）. The tumor was disappeared completely by treatment of radiotherapy alone in 3 patients of primary uterine cervix sarcomas. 1 patient was free of disease at 36 months. Other 2 patients died 9 and 11 months later because of distant metastases. The complete and partial response rate of radiotherapy was 50.0% for recurrent tumors. The radiotherapetic sensibility of endometrial stromal sarcomas, mixed mesodermal sarcomas and leiomyosarcomas was downward tendency in turn.Couclusions　The postoperation adjuvant radiotherapy reduced the pelvic recurrent significantly. Radiotherapy should be used in the treatment of uterine sarcomas as an important part of combination therapy.

Objective　To study the diagnosis and treatment of perforated congenital choledochal cyst(PTCC). Methods　The clinical data of 10 children with PTCC were retrospectively analysed.Results　6 males, 4 females, average age 4.5 years old. The cyst perforted time within 12 hours was in 4 cases, 12～72 hours in 3, and more than 72 hours in 3. Of these cases, 2 had infection and the others had no obvious discomfort before perforation. Of 7 cases undergoing cyst excision and biliary reconstruction, 5 cases were recovered without complications; 2 occurred anastomostic leakaged(1 case had infection before perforation and the other with perforcted time more than 72 hours). 3 cases subjected to external drainage at first, and cyst excision and biliary reconstruction were performed on three months later. Conclusions　If PTCC is treated earlier, cyst excision and biliary reconstruction can be performed as a primary operation.

Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are an emerging class of targeted therapeutics with the potential to improve therapeutic index over the traditional chemotherapy. However, it is difficult to control the site and stoichiometry of conjugation in mAb, typically resulting in heterogeneous mixtures of ADCs that are difficult to optimize. New methods for site-specific drug attachment allow development of more homogeneous conjugates and control of the site of drug attachment. In this article, the new literature on development of ADCs and site-specific ADCs is reviewed. In addition, we summarized the various strategies in production of site-specific ADCs.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; chemistry ; Antibody Specificity ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Immunoconjugates ; chemistry

Objective To study the urodynamic characteristics of women with pelvic organ prolapse in prolapse and reset condition. Methods From Jan. 2010 to Apr. 2010, 30 patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP), including 1 case in grade Ⅰ , 6 cases in grade Ⅱ , 21 cases in grade Ⅲ and 2 cases in grade Ⅳ, treated in Peking University People's Hospital were analyzed their urodynamical changes at status of prolapse and reset with pessary. Results (1)The symptoms: in the prolapse condition, there were 11 patients with bladder outlet obstruction( BOO), 7 patients with residual volume more than 100 ml, and 4 patients with stress urinary incontinence(SUI). In the reset condition, there were 5 patients with BOO,5 patients with residual volume more than 100 ml, and 4 SUI patients. (2) Characteristics of urodynamic:there were significant difference in first desire to void ( FD, P = 0. 047), normal desire to void ( ND, P =0. 007), strong desire to void ( SD, P = 0. 001 ), maximum cystometric capacity ( MCC, P = 0. 001 ),maximum flow rate ( Q=max, P = 0. 001 ), average flow rate ( Q P = 0. 001 ), and residual volume ( RV,P = 0. 025 ) between prolapse and reset condition among all patients. In patients with grade Ⅰ to Ⅱprolapse, Qmax were (11 ±6) ml/s in prolapse condition and (15 ±4) ml/s in reset condition (P =0. 014), Qave were ( 6 ± 4 ) ml/s in prolapse condition and ( 7 ± 3 ) ml/s in reset condition ( P = 0. 237 ),RV were (29 ±46) ml in prolapse condition and (15 ±25) ml in reset condition (P =0. 157). Among patients with grade Ⅲ to Ⅳ prolapse, Qmax were ( 11 ± 8 ) ml/s in prolapse condition and ( 17 ± 10) ml/s in reset condition (P=0.001), Qave were (5 ±4) ml/s in prolapse condition and (7 ±4) ml/s in reset condition ( P = 0. 002 ), RV were ( 105 ± 169 ) ml in prolapse condition and (47 ± 92) ml in reset condition (P = 0. 037 ). Conclusions Patients with pelvic organ prolapse Ⅲ - Ⅳ may present pseudo BOO,recessive stress urinary incontinence and residual volume more than 100 ml. There were significant improvement in cystometric sensation, capacity, flow rate, and residual volume after reset. The urodynamic test for patients with pelvic organ prolapse in the reset condition might be much better in evaluating lower urinary tract function.

Objective　To evaluate the effect of tamoxifen on the endometrium. Methods　Hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsies were performed in 26 patients with breast cancer receiving tamoxifen and having vaginal bleeding or endometrial thickness detected by ultrasound. In addition 78 women with postmenopausal bleeding without receiving tamoxifen underwent the same examination. Results　Thirteen (50.0%) patients receiving tamoxifen had endometrial or endocervical polyps, whereas 14 cases(17.9%) not receiving tamoxifen developed the polyps （P＜0.05）. Nine (34.6%) patients receiving tamoxifen had thyperplasias, which was significantly higher than that of women not receiving tamoxifen (P<0.05). Conclusions　The incidence of endometria disease in the patient with breast cancer receiving tamoxifen was increased. These patients should be closely monitored by transvaginal sonography and hysteroscopy.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between abnormal lipid metabolism and the pathogenesis of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). Methods A prospective cohort study was carried out in 500 pregnant women. They were followed in the antenatal care outpatient clinic. Amcing them. 20 cases of mild PIH, 23 cases of moderate and severe PIH, 30 cases of normal pregnant women were studied. Serum lipid levels were measured before and after the onset of PIH (baseline and follow up). Data were analysed with F test. Results TG, VLDL, LP(a),FFA and FFA/Alb levels in all patients of PIH were significantly higher than those in the control group( P

Objective To study the methods of clinic diagnosis and treatment for chronic lumbar pain induced by lumbo-sacral compartment syndrome. Methods Thirty-three patients with chronic lumbar pain induced by lumbo-sacral compartment syndrome were diagnosed by physical, radiological examination and intra lumbo-sacral muscle compartmental pressure measurement. 33 patients consisted of 15 men and 18 women, with the mean age 42.3 years, and mean duration of chronic lumbar pain was 27 years. Lumbar erector spinae osteo-facial compartment was decompressed using mini-invasive surgery. Lumbar and abdomen muscles were rehabilitated extensively after operation. Results After operation, symptoms of low back pain were alleviated significantly, and walking distance were promoted as well. Post operative flexion and extension of lumbar spine were increased to (15??0.5?) and (7??0.7?) respectively. Intramuscular pressure in rest state, during movement and no more than 6 min after movement was (6.8?0.8), (162.3?12.35) and (7.1?0.6) mm Hg respectively [before operation was(10.4?0.9), (187.1?11.16) and (13.2?1.3) mm Hg respectively, P

0.05).Their a verage values were 6.47?0.80,4.36?0.68,9.89?0.73,5.83?1.63, 3.55 ?0.69 an d 6.81?0.93 respectively. In the male and famale LRa-TC was 3.84?1.16 and 3.1 5?0.76(P0.05).Their average v alues were 5.44?1.03,4.09?1.58,3.75?0.75,4.20?0.84 and 7.70?1.13 respective ly. In the male and famale URa-PC was 7.14?1.16 and 6.62?0.88(P0 .05).Their average values were 6.06?0.91,3.20?1.48,4.52?0.69 and 8.53?0.98 r espectively. In the male and femal URa-PC was 7.49?1.01 and 6.94?0.74(P

Donation of relique is important to not only medicine development,but the social civilization also.But the development of it is late and laggard in China.According to investigation and analysis in some regions,we find several factors restricting the donation of relique such as the obstacle of morals,the lag of legislation,lack of the humanistic care.These are the keys for us to change the behindhand situation of relique donation in China.

Objective To provide anatomical basis for the clinical application of neurocutaneous vascular flaps with supraclavicular nerves.Methods The diameter, length and position perforating deep fascia of supraclavicular nerves and its nutrient vessels were observed on 36 adult cadaver specimens perfused with red latex.Results The nutrient vessels of supraclavicular nerves mainly originate from musculocutaneous branches of ascending cervical artery, cutaneous branches of cervical segment of transverse cervical artery, perforating branches of internal thoracic artery and cutaneous arteriesofpectoralbranchandacromialbranchofthoracoaromialartery ,andtheirdiamaterswere 0 75? 0 2 2mm ,1 12? 0 18mm ,1 3 6? 0 15mm ,0 70 ? 0 15mmand 0 79? 0 14mmrespectively ;Theyperforateddeepfasciaatconstantposition ,distributingalongsupraclavicularnerves ,andsupplied nutrimentforthewholecutaneousnerves .Conclusion Usedtheabovethesegmentalarteriesasaflap ,theneurocutaneousvascularflapwithsupraclav icularnervescouldbedesigned .