The medical curriculum which is designed reasonable, plays a decisive role in the training specifications and quality of medical talents. The medical education in England is always in the world first column, and its medical curriculum is distinctive. The courses are mostly offered by the form of integration. They pay more attention to the setup of selective courses, humanities and social sciences courses, and they also put emphasis on the early clinical contact and early scientific research training. In addition, they are also outstanding in practice and internship. There is much beneficial enlightenment for our country's course reform from the British medical curriculum design, namely to establish integration courses which is interdisciplinary, to strengthen the humanistic quality's cultiva-tion, to advocate early clinical contact and early scientific research, and to strengthen cooperation and coordination between medical colleges and social organizations in all aspects.

Primary Hepatic Carcinoma(PHC)is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world.Nowadays,its incidence and mortality have been still increasing.With regard to the early treatment for PHC,the combined therapy,primarily referred to operation,is considered optimal.For recent decades,with the quick development of ultrasonic therapeutics,High Intensity Focused Ultrasound(HIFU)techniques,which rose newly,has already become a kind of effective and noninvasive substitution therapy for PHC operation therapy as a kind of noninvasive tumor therapy.Now,this literature review aims to summarize the found re- search and clinical research of HIFU therapy for primary hepatic carcinoma.

Objective To apply fluo-rescencc-activated cell sorting(FACS) in sorting T lymphocyte (CD_3~+) and granulocyte (CD_(15)~+), which establish the separating method of series of cells from human peripheral blood, so that the scientific research and clinical research could be carried out were specifically. Methods 10 cases of normal peripheral blood were collected and T lymphocyte (CD_3~+) and granulocyte (CD_(15)~+) were stained with florescence conjugated antibodies. The positive cells were sorted by FACS. Results Before sorting the peripheral blood, the proportion of the T lymphocyte(CD_3~+) and granulocyte (CD_(15)~+) in the leukocyte is 48.8 % and 30.8 %; after sorting by FACS, the purity of T lymphocytes (CD_3~+) is up to 98 % and the recovery is about 95 %; the purity of granulocyte (CD_(15)~+) is up to 97 % and the recovery is about 96 %. Conclusion The FACS could Mlow us to quickly sort T lymphocyte (CD_3~+) and granulocyte (CD_(15)~+) with higher recovery and higher purity from the peripheral blood.

Objective To apply fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) in sorting natural killer (NK) cells from human peripheral blood. The efficiency of these two methods were compared so that the basic conditions for the further study on the lower proportion of peripheral blood cells could be created. Methods Twenty cases of normal peripheral blood and 3 cases of post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (post-HSCT) were collected and NK cell were sorted by FACS and MACS. Results Before sorting the normal peripheral blood, the proportion of the NK cell in the leukocyte was (12.86±3.62) %, the purity of NK cell was up to (96.15±2.03) % and the recovery was (95.08±2.16) %after sorting by FACS, the purity was up to (93.35±3.61) % and the recovery was (94.11±3.01) % by MACS.And before sorting the post-HSCT peripheral blood, the proportion of the NK cell in the leukocyte was (11.01±2.08) %, the purity of NK cell was up to (96.22±2.16) % and the recovery was (95.27±1.18) % after sorting by FACS. The purity was up to (90.98±1.94) % and the recovery was (94.54±3.52) % by MACS. Thereis difference in purity of NK cell (t = 5.925, P ＜0.05), while no difference in rate of recovery between 2methods (t = 0.789, P ＞0.05). Conclusion FACS is more efficient, rapidly and easily than MACS in sorting NK cell, especially for post-HSCT cases.

Objective To study the changes of hematological indices of blood donors after 400ml whole-blood donation.Methods Blood specimens of 123 healthy donors were collected before donation,1 day,7 days,1 month,and 3 months after donation.The dynamic changes of WBC,RBC,hemoglobin,hematocrit,Plt,plasma total protein,albumin and blood serum iron were observed.Results After donation,the changes of WBC,Plt,total protein of blood plasma and albumin showed no significant change.The levels of RBC,hemoglobin,hematocrit and blood serum iron returned to normal after 3 months.Conclusion For anyone who meets the health standard of blood donors,to donate 400ml whole blood at 3-month interval is harmless.

Objective To evaluate the changes and clinical significance of CD+4CDHi25CDLo127 regulatory T cell(Treg) in peripheral blood of patients with lung cancer. Methods 30 patients with lung cancer and 20 heathy volunteers were included in this study. The proportion of Treg population in CD4+ T cells stained with three colors was analysed by flow cytometry. The serum level of IL-10 and TGF-β were measured by ELISA. Results The proportion of Treg in patients with squamous cell careinoma(n=20), adenocarcinoma (n=10) were all significantly higher than that of healthy controls (P <0.05), but there was not obvious difference between the two groups with different pathological types(P0.05). Increased serum level of IL-10 and TGF-β was also detected in lung cancer patients. Conclusion The proportion of Treg is increased in lung cancer patients, which may result in the inhibition of host anti-cancer immune response by excreting IL-10 and TGF-β.

Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurosurgery ; trends

Objective To investigate the effects of anti-parkinsonian drugs on cytokines(IL-6 and TNF-?) produced by PBMC in PD patients. Methods 25 subjects were divided into 3 groups : normal controls(NC),pergolide and Madopar treated PD patients(P+M group),Madopar treated PD patients(M group). PBMC were cultured in the presence of pure RPMI-1640,RPMI-1640 with ConA and RPMI-1640 with pergolide,respectively. The amount of IL-6 and TNF-? in the culture media was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results IL-6 production amount by PBMC when stimulated with ConA was significantly lower in group P+M and M than in group NC( P 0.05). In group P+M,the concentration of TNF-? was significantly higher in the presence of ConA than in the presence of pure RPMI-1640 and in the presence of pergolide( P 0.05). Conclusions The ability of amount by PBMC of PD elderly patients to excrete IL-6 was significantly decreased in the presence of ConA. Pergolide might arise the excretion of IL-6 by PBMC during the treatment process of PD and at the same time does not arise the excretion of TNF-?,which might be neurotoxic.

Objective To investigate the infection of chlamydiae trachomahs(CT) and myoplasmas in urogenital tract and antibiotic susceptibility of cultured genital myoplasmas.Methods 5095 patients with urogenital tract infection were detected with mycoplasma identification susceptibility testing reagent kit,and the drug susceptibility to eight antibiotics of ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) and mycoplasm hominid (Mh) were tested by broth microdilution method.And chlamydiae trachomatis was examined by golden standard method.Results In 5095 cases, 417cases(8 2%) were infected with chlamydiae trachomatis, and the infective rate in woman(11 2%) was statistically higher than that in man(6 2%). 1728 cases(33 9%) were infected with mycoplasma, and the infective rate in woman(43 0%) was statistically higher than that in man(28 0%).The cases infected with simple UU(1251,24 6%) were more than that in the cases infected with simple Mh(71,1 4%) and the mixed infected cases(406,8 0%). Drug sensitivity to erythromycin, roxithromycin, josamycin, azithromycin, doxycycline, minocin,ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin in Uu infection were 60 3%,67 5%,73 2%,85 3%,55 7%,40 1%,25 6%,2 7%,respectively;while the mixed infection of Mh and Uu had resistance to the eight antibiotics on the different degree.Conclusions The infective rate of chlamydiae trachomatis and myoplasma in urogential tract and the resistance rates to 8 antibiotics in Hunan province were in a higher level, compared with other area inland. It is necessary to develop antibiotic susceptibility test,in addition to the myoplasma culture for guiding the clinical therapy.

Objective To explore the expression of b-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (bcl-2) and breast cancer drug-resistant protein (BCRP) in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and their correlation. Methods Using flow cytometry (FCM) and semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay the expressions of BCRP gene was analysed in 40 DLBCL samples. bcl-2 protein were measured by immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded slices in 40 cases of DLBCL. Results The positive expression rate of bcl-2 and BCRP protein were 60.0 % (24/40) and 37.5 % (15/40) in 40 patients with DLBCL respectively. There was significant differences between positive group and negative groups (x2 = 5.7618,P <0.05; x2 = 6.5541,P <0.05). There was no significant correlation between Bcl-2 and BCRP gene in effective treatment group and therapies group or progress group (x2 = 2.0263,P >0.05). Conclusion BCRP may play an important role in DLBCL primary much medicine drug-resistant,thus it may be a useful prediction of chemotherapeutic treatment and risk of relapse. The level bcl-2 expression was closely related with the grade of malignancy and the prognosis of DLBCL. There was no significant correlation between bcl-2 and BCRP gene. The detection of bcl-2 and BCRP gene played an important role in evaluating DLBCL outcome.