PURPOSE: This research was conducted to explore the experience of middle-aged women parting with their children and to develop a grounded theory. METHOD: The participants were 11 women in their 50's who had experienced parting with their children due to schooling, military service and marriage. The grounded theory methodology based on symbolic interactionism was used. RESULTS: 106 concepts, 30 subcategories and 14 categories were derived from the analysis through processes of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. The central phenomenon was 'happy but sad' and the core category was a process of 'independence that is sorrowful yet delightful'. Four types were identified; the independent-type; submissive -type; family-reliant-type ; and fragile-type; based on the attachment to the child, state of mind, satisfaction of the situation, family support system and self-achievement. CONCLUSION: This research identified that the modern Korean middle-aged women who are considered to be the 'sandwich generation' since they have experienced a turbulent history and the change from a confucian parent-child lifestyle to a couple-oriented one, moved away from an attitude dependent on children in parting with them and started preparing for an independent late life. Based on the results, the verification research is advised on the variables that affect the experience of parting with children.
Child* ; Clinical Coding ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style ; Marriage ; Military Personnel

[摘 要] 目的：探讨DJ-1基因过表达对人胃癌MGC803细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭与上皮间质转化（EMT）的影响及其机制。方法：利用基因转染技术构建DJ-1基因过表达MGC803细胞，实验分为MGC803、空载体和DJ-1过表达组。采用MTT、平板克隆形成、细胞划痕和Transwell实验分别检测DJ-1过表达对MGC803细胞增殖、克隆形成、迁移与侵袭的影响；qPCR和WB法检测DJ-1过表达对各组细胞DJ-1、PTEN、Akt、p-Akt、Snail、vimentin、E-cadherin、MMP-9与TIMP-3表达的影响，相差显微镜下观察MGC803细胞形态学的变化。裸鼠荷瘤实验检测DJ-1过表达对MGC803细胞移植瘤体内生长的影响。结果：成功构建DJ-1基因稳定过表达的MGC803细胞。与MGC803组和空载体组比较，DJ-1过表达组细胞的增殖能力与克隆形成数均显著增加（均P<0.05），细胞迁移距离明显增加、划痕距离明显缩短（均P<0.05），迁移与侵袭细胞数显著增多（均P<0.05），DJ-1 mRNA与蛋白表达明显上调、PTEN mRNA与蛋白表达下调（均P<0.05），Akt总蛋白各组比较无明显差异（均P>0.05），p-Akt蛋白表达明显上调（P<0.05），Snail、vimentin与MMP-9表达上调、E-cadherin与TIMP-3表达下调（均P<0.05）。相差显微镜下见长梭形细胞数目增多，圆形与椭圆形细胞减少，异型性更为明显。荷瘤裸鼠体内实验结果表明，与MGC803组相比较，DJ-1过表达组MGC803细胞移植瘤生长速度明显加快、移植瘤质量显著增加（均P<0.05）。结论：DJ-1过表达可通过PTEN/Akt通路在体内外抑制MGC803细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭与EMT。