Objective To identify the pathogen of an acute epidemic gastroenteritis outbreak in newborn room. Methods Forty five samples were collected from 38 newborn patients at the peak of a diarrhea outbreak, which happened in a newborn room in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region during December 2008 to February 2009. The presence of rotavirus antigen, Adeno-like virus antigen and Astrovirus antigen were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The presence of Astrovirus RNA were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with universal primer of Astrovirus. Thirteen samples positive for Astrovirus nucleic acid were analyzed by sequencing and phylogenetic tree. Four samples positive for both Astrovirus antigen and Astrovirus nucleic acid were observed by immune electron microscopy. Results Both rotavirus antigen and Adeno-like virus antigen were negative in 45 faecal samples. Thirty samples were positive for Astrovirus antigen when checked by ELISA, which resulted in a positive rate of 66.7%. Thirty-one samples were positive for Astrovirus RNA when check by RT-PCR, which resulted in a positive rate of 68.9%. The genotype results confirmed all patients were infected with genotype 1 Astrovirus. The gene sequences of thirteen samples were compared with reference strains of Astrovirus type 1 in GeneBank and the homology rate of nucleotide sequence was 90.9 %- 96.3 %. The homology rate of intra these thirteen sample was 94.7%-100.0%. Four positive samples were randomly selected and observed by immune electron microscopy and a large amount of Astrovirus particles were found in two of these samples. Conclusion Genotype 1 Astrovirus is the pathogen of this diarrhea outbreak in newborn.

Computed Tomography(CT) is one of the successful methods, in which mathematical theories are combined with engineering technology. Volume CT will replace the cross-sectional CT that has been widely used. In this paper two new cone vertex orbits, which are circle-and-arc and regular triangular pyramid lines, have been proposed and their complete conditions for exact reconstruction have been obtained. After having studied circle-and-n-line cone vertex orbit which is one of the important orbits in volume CT, we have given a better proof about the complete condition in circle-and-line and circle-and-2-line cone vertex orbit and have obtained some proper conclusions. Finally, we extend the above results to circle-and-n-line vertex orbit. These results will be useful for the design of direct volume imaging.
Algorithms ; Artifacts ; Computer Simulation ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

Abstract: Objective To analyze the causes of foodborne illness outbreaks in Inner Mongolia, so as to provide reference for understanding systemic risks and formulating prevention and control measures. Methods Data on foodborne disease outbreaks in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2016 to 2021 were collected through the "Foodborne Disease Outbreak Monitoring System" for attribution analysis. Results A total of 591 outbreak events were included from 2016 to 2021. Single -dimensional attribution analysis showed that the main causes of foodborne disease outbreaks in this region were vegetables and vegetable products, and meat and meat products, respectively accounting for 20.5% (121/591) and 12.6% (75/591) of the total events. leading contributing factor was improper processing, accounting for 16.2%(96/591), and the main pathogenic factor was toxic plants and their toxins, accounting for 14.9%(88/591). Multi-dimensional attribution analysis showed that the highest number of outbreak events occurred in summer, with 290 cases accounting for 49.1% (290/591) of the total number of events. The eastern, central, and western regions also had the highest number of events in summer, accounting for 53.6% (180/336), 39.5% (60/152), and 48.5% (50/103) of the total number of events in this region, respectively. Among vegetables and vegetable products, improper processing led to the majority of outbreaks caused by toxic plants and their toxins, accounting for 58.7% (71/121) of total events. For meat and meat products, improper storage resulting in the most outbreaks of biological pollution, accounting for 16.0%(12/75) of the total number of meat and meat product incidents. Majorities of death cases were primarily due to accidental ingestion or misuse of non-food items (such as poisonous mushrooms), comprising 38.5% (5/13) of total deaths. Conclusions The main food, triggering factors, and pathogenic factors involved in the outbreak of foodborne diseases in this region are relatively routine and controllable. Therefore, efforts should be made to strengthen public food safety education to reduce the occurrence of foodborne diseases.

Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the striatum, which can be divided into D1 and D2 MSNs, originate from the lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE). Previously, we reported that Six3 is a downstream target of Sp8/Sp9 in the transcriptional regulatory cascade of D2 MSN development and that conditionally knocking out Six3 leads to a severe loss of D2 MSNs. Here, we showed that Six3 mainly functions in D2 MSN precursor cells and gradually loses its function as D2 MSNs mature. Conditional deletion of Six3 had little effect on cell proliferation but blocked the differentiation of D2 MSN precursor cells. In addition, conditional overexpression of Six3 promoted the differentiation of precursor cells in the LGE. We measured an increase of apoptosis in the postnatal striatum of conditional Six3-knockout mice. This suggests that, in the absence of Six3, abnormally differentiated D2 MSNs are eliminated by programmed cell death. These results further identify Six3 as an important regulatory element during D2 MSN differentiation.