OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of Erdong granules on glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats.METHODS:Type 2 diabetes mellitus model was induced by giving high-fat and high-calorie diet with intraperitoneal administration of streptozotcin for eight weeks.Model rats were divided into normal group,model group,streptozotcin group and erdong granules high-dose,middle-dose and low-dose groups.The levels of FBG,LDL-C,FFA,SOD and MDA were detected and immunohistochemistry method was used to determine the morphology change of islet cell.RESULTS:The serum levels of FBS,MDA,FFA and LDL-C in Erdong granules high-dose and low-dose group were significantly decreased while the activity of SOD was increased.Erdong granules could protect islet cell.CONCLUSION:Erdong granules can notably improve glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism,antioxidant enzyme activity and inhibit oxidative stress so as to protect islet cells of type 2 diabetic mellitus rats.

This study is to investigate the anti-tumor activities of a novel cyclophosphamide derivate 4, 6-diphenyl cyclophosphamide (9b) in vivo and in vitro, and its possible mechanism of action. The inhibitory effects of 9b on human hepatoma cell line HepG2, human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 and human myeloid leukemia cell line K562 were measured by MTT assay in vitro. Cell cycle distribution and apoptotic rate were evaluated by flow cytometry. To evaluate the anti-tumor effect of 9b in vivo, mouse model bearing inoculated H22 tumor was established. The results indicated that 9b could inhibit the proliferation of HepG2, MCF-7 and K562 cells in a dose and time dependent manner. The ICo50 values of 9b were 32.34 micromol.L-1 to HepG2 cells, 87.07 micromol.L-1 to MCF-7 cells and 149.10 micromol.L-1 to K562 cells after incubation for 48 h. The results of flow cytometry indicated that after being treated for 48 h with different concentrations of 9b, the ratios of HepG2, MCF-7 cells at the Go/G1 phase and K562 cells at the G0/Gl phase and G2/M phase increased significantly compared with control group, and the apoptotic rate increased with the increase of the concentration of 9b. 9b could significantly reduce tumor weight of H22 solid tumor mouse model in vivo. To summarize, 9b showed significantly anti-tumor activity in vivo and in vitro, of which the mechanism might be associated with the change of cell cycle distribution and induction of tumor cell apoptosis.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cyclophosphamide ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Structure ; Random Allocation ; Tumor Burden ; drug effects

To evaluate in vitro release and transdermal behaviors of Huoxue Zhitong gel, modified Franz diffusion cell methods was applied to investigate in vitro transdermal absorption of Huoxue Zhitong gel and the content of paeonolan in receptor fluid composed of PEG400%-95% ethanol-water (l:3:6)were determined by HPLC. The results were processed and different equations were fitted. The release law were in accordance with Weibull equation and the fitting equation was In[-1/(1 - Q)] = -0.790 51nt - 1.7012 (r = 0.9809). In 8 hours, cumulative release of paeonol was 85. 18% and the release rate was 2.827 µg . cm-2 h-1. Transdermal actions were consistent with zero-level model fit and the fitting equation was Q(t) = 1.7579t + 0. 7213 (r = 0.9991). In 8 hours, cumulative transdermal rate and transmission rate of paeonol was 54. 85%, 1. 820 µg . cm-2 h-1. So the Huoxue Zhitong gel had a good release and transdermal properties.
Acetophenones ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Gels ; Mice ; Skin Absorption

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza clusters in Hangzhou from 2018 to 2019, so as to provide references for the prevention and control of influenza. Methods: The data came from the epidemic investigation reports of influenza clusters in Hangzhou from the 27th week of 2018 and the 26th week of 2019. The time distribution, school types, population distribution and etiology of influenza were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression model was employed to analyze the influencing factors for the attack rate of influenza clusters. Results: During the surveillance season, a total of 231 school influenza clusters involving 4 233 cases were reported. The median of the attack rate was 21.74%. The peak of the clusters was in March 2019, with 89 events and 1 476 cases ( 34.87% ). The clusters occurred mainly in primary schools ( 188 events, 81.39% ) and were mainly caused by Victoria-like strains of influenza B virus ( 84 events, 36.36% ). The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that infection of teachers increased the risk of high attack rate ( OR=3.133, 95%CI: 1.180-8.320 ), and kindergartens had higher risk of high attack rate than primary schools ( OR=4.123, 95%CI: 1.579-10.763 ). Conclusions The influenza clusters in Hangzhou from 2018 to 2019 is mainly caused by Victoria-like strains of influenza B virus. Kindergartens and teachers are the key points for the prevention and control of influenza clusters.

A cellulase high-yield strain was identified and named as Trichoderma longibrachiatum SSL by ITS sequence identification. The endoglucanase1 gene (eg1) encoding endo-l,4-?-D-glucanase I was ampli-fied by RT-PCR method, which including 1386 bp and encoding 461 amino acid. Sequence analysis showed that: This gene has a more 90% homology with the T. longibrachiatum eg1 gene. The eg1 gene encoding the mature peptide was inserted into the Pichia pastoris expression vector pPIC9K, which resulted in construc-tion of the recombinant expression plasmid, pPIC9k-eg1. The pPIC9k-eg1 was then introduced into the host Pichia pastoris GS115. After the induction of methanol, extracellular recombinant endoglucanase I from the supernatant of the recombinant Pichia pastoris strain reached 73 U/mL. A clear strengthening of the protein bands, whose molecular weight is about 58 kD, appeared in the SDS-PAGE.

BACKGROUNDHistone deacetylase inhibitors can regulate gene expression through modulation of the degree of acetylation of histone and non-histone, thus affecting cell proliferation, survival and chemosensitivity. Histone deacetylase inhibitors combined with paclitaxel may enhance the inhibitory effect of drugs on lung cancer cells. This study aimed to observe the effect of trichostatin A (TSA)/paclitaxel on the proliferation and apoptosis in human A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells, and to investigate its mechanism.

METHODSA549 cells were cultured in Dulbecco modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) in the presence of paclitaxel and the histone deacetylase inhibitor TSA, and the growth curve was obtained by trypan-blue exclusion assay and cell count. Apoptosis was assessed using Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry analysis, and cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry analysis. The proteins poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), caspase-3, survivin, and tubulin acetylation were detected by Western blotting.

RESULTSA significant reduction of proliferation was observed in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells treated by paclitaxel or TSA. Combined treatment with TSA/paclitaxel caused the greatest inhibition of cell proliferation. The combined treatment with TSA and paclitaxel induced more severe apoptosis, and significantly more cells were arrested in G2/M phase (P < 0.05) then with a single drug. Using Western blotting, we demonstrated that treatment with TSA/paclitaxel led to synergistic increase in acetylated tubulin, PARP, caspase-3, and reduced the expression of survivin.

CONCLUSIONTSA and paclitaxel have a synergistic activity that can inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis.

Acetylation ; Adenocarcinoma ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hydroxamic Acids ; pharmacology ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Paclitaxel ; pharmacology ; Tubulin ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect and safety of perineal, crissal and progenital pruritus treated with acupuncture according to differentiation.

METHODSSelf-control method was applied in these 32 cases. Changqiang (GV 1), Huiyin (CV 1), Qugu (CV 2), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Ashi points etc. were punctured as main points, and adjunct points were added according to differentiation: Taichong (LR 3) and Ququan (LR 8) etc. were added for wind and heat excess of liver meridian, Xuehai (SP 10) and Quchi (LI 11) etc. were added for blood deficiency and wind dryness. Itchiness, skin lesions sign scores and therapeutic effects were observed before and after treatment.

RESULTSThe total scores of itchiness before and after treatment were 6.06 +/- 1.46 and 2.19 +/- 1.71 respectively, and the total scores of skin lesions sign were 4.38 +/- 2.21 and 1.50 +/- 1.44, indicating that the scores and the total scores of itchiness and skin lesions sign reduced obviously after treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); the cured and markedly effective rate was 73.4% (11/15) for wind and heat excess of liver meridian, and 70.6% (12/17) for blood deficiency and wind dryness, presenting similar therapeutic effect (P > 0.05). Hematoma or ecchymosis appeared in 2 cases, and disappeared spontaneously after 2-3 days, without obvious adverse reaction.

CONCLUSIONSimple perineal, crissal and progenital pruritus treated with acupuncture according to differentiation is effective, safe and applicable.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pruritus Ani ; therapy ; Pruritus Vulvae ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of trichostatin A (TSA)/paclitaxel on the growth and apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 cells.

METHODSHuman lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were cultured in DMEM in the presence of paclitaxel and the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A, and the growth curve was obtained by trypan-blue exclusion assay and cell count. Apoptosis was assessed using Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry, and cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry analysis. The proteins of PARP, caspase-3, survivin and tubulin acetylation were detected by Western blotting.

RESULTSSignificant growth reduction was observed in the A549 cells following treatment with paclitaxel or the histone deacetylase inhibitor TSA. The combined treatment with TSA/paclitaxel caused the highest inhibition of cell growth. The apoptosis rate of A549 cells treated with TSA or paclitaxel for 24 hours was (17.6 ± 1.8)% and (39.2 ± 3.7)%, respectively, but a significantly higher apoptosis rate was (64.2 ± 4.2)% was induced by combined treatment with TSA and paclitaxel. In contrast with the control group, the cell cycle was markedly arrested at G2/M phase in the TSA and paclitaxel group (P < 0.05). The Western blot analysis demonstrated that treatment with TSA/paclitaxel led to a synergistic increase of acetylated tubulin, PARP and caspase-3, and reduced the expression of survivin.

CONCLUSIONTSA or paclitaxel alone can inhibit the cell growth and induce apoptosis, and the combination of TSA and paclitaxel exerts a synergistic effect on the growth and apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma cells.

Acetylation ; Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drug Synergism ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hydroxamic Acids ; pharmacology ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Paclitaxel ; pharmacology ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases ; metabolism ; Tubulin ; metabolism ; Tubulin Modulators ; pharmacology

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pleural Effusion ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Thoracoscopy ; methods ; standards ; Young Adult

Aggressive Periodontitis ; genetics ; Cathepsin C ; genetics ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction