Objective To investigate the expression of TMPRSS4 mRNA,protein in human pancreatic cancer tissues and to explore the relationship between the expression of TMPRSS4 protein and the clinicopathologic parameters.Methods Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expressions of TMPRSS4 mRNA and protein in 16 samples of pancreatic cancer tissues and adjacent normal pancreatic tissues.The expression of TMPRSS4 protein in 61 samples of pancreatic cancer tissues and 26 samples of adjacent pancreatic tissues and 4 samples of normal pancreatic tissues was detected by using immunohistochemistry and its relationship with clinicopathological features was analyzed.Results The expression of TMPRSS4 mRNA and protein of pancreatic cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in adjacent pancreatic tissues (9.09 ± 7.01 vs.1.27 ± 0.72; 1.223 ± 0.125 vs.0.667 ± 0.106,P ＜ 0.01 ) ;the expression rate of TMPRSS4 protein of pancreatic cancer tissues was 67.2％ (41/61),which were significantly higher than that in adjacent pancreatic tissues[3.8％ (1/26),P ＜ 0.01].There was no TMPRSS4 protein expression in normal pancreatic tissues.There was no significant correlation between the expression of TMPRSS4 protein and the age,gender,tumor location or tumor size was found.There was significant correlation between the expression of TMPRSS4 protein and the degree of differentiation,lymph node metastasis,and clinical staging (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions TMPRSS4 protein is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues,and the expression of TMPRSS4 is associated with the degree of malignancy of pancreatic cancer.

Endodontic microsurgery is one effective method for preserving teeth affected by periapical disease, and is also an essential technique for treating difficult cases. However, due to the restricted operating space at the posterior site and the proximity of the root apex to the maxillary sinus, endodontic surgery in the posterior maxillary area represents great challenges. This article summarizes the anatomical relationship between the maxillary sinus and the maxillary posterior teeth, the influence on endodontic microsurgery, and the application of assistive techniques on maxillary posterior teeth, such as 3D-printed surgical guides and ultrasonic osteotomes. Literature review results show that the spatial relationship between the apex of maxillary posterior teeth and the maxillary sinus is usually divided into three categories: the apex enters the maxillary sinus; the apex contacts the bottom of the maxillary sinus; and there is a distance between the apex and the bottom of the maxillary sinus. CBCT should be performed before the operation, and the periapical state of the tooth and the maxillary sinus and the distance between the lesions and the sinus floor should be considered to evaluate the difficulty of the operation. Meanwhile, during surgery, equipment such as surgical guides, endoscopes and ultrasonic osteotomes should be used to ensure that the operation is safer, reliable, precise and less invasive, but the clinical popularity of ultrasonic osteotomes still needs further promotion. Moreover, high-quality clinical studies on the long-term effects of micro-apical surgery in the posterior maxillary area are still lacking.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to establish a new treatment of the mandibular second molars with external root resorption caused by impacted teeth to preserve the affected teeth and their vital pulps. METHODS: For mandibular second molars clinically diagnosed as external root resorption caused by impacted teeth, debridement and removal of the root at the resorption site via micro-apical surgery and direct capping of the pulp with bioactive material on the surface of the root amputation via vital pulp therapy were performed immediately after the impacted teeth were extracted. RESULTS: The external root resorption of the affected tooth was ceased. It was asymptomatic with intact crown, normal pulp, periapical alveolar bone reconstruction, normal periodontal ligament, continuous bone sclerosis, and no periapical translucency in radiographic examination at the 1-year postoperative follow-up, thus showing good prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous combination of micro-apical surgery and vital pulp therapy after extraction of impacted teeth could successfully preserve mandibular second molars with ERR caused by impacted teeth and their vital pulps.
Humans ; Tooth, Impacted/surgery* ; Molar ; Mandible ; Dental Pulp ; Root Canal Therapy ; Root Resorption/etiology* ; Tooth Extraction