Immune checkpoint inhibitors have become an important alternative for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients to surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy. Monoclonal antibodies directed against immune checkpoint have shown better results in the application of first- or second-line treatment of NSCLC and for both squamous and non-squamous cell carcinoma patients, especially for those with positive PD-L1 tumor cells. Some comments will be made in present paper about the efficacy, biomarker, combined therapy and the resistant mechanism of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Objective To investigate the effect of ginsenoside-Rgl on paraurethral fascia fibroblastsmultiplication and the expression of proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) of stress urinary incontinence(SUI) women in vitro. Methods Specimens of human paraurethral fascia were obtained from 4 SUI womenduring tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) or tension-free vaginal tape-obturator (TVT-O) procedure.Fibroblasts were isolated and cultured by outgrowth technique. After reaching confluency fibroblasts weresubcultured every 5 days and cells after passage number 3 to 5 were used for assessment. The paraurethralfascia fibroblasts were treated with ginsenoside-Rgl at different concentrations (5, 10, 20 μmol/L) andfibroblnsts without Rgl were used as controL The multiplication conditions of paraurethral fascia fibroblastswere respectively detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTr) assay and the expression of PCNA byhistochemistry. Results ( 1 ) Compared with the control group, the growth rate of cells treated with differentconcentrations of Rgl after 72h [ (29±5 )%, (40±5 )%, (26±4)% respectively ] was significantly higher(P<0.01). (2)Compared with the control group, the stimulatory effect of Rgl on fibroblast growth wassignificant at 24 h (P<0.01), and peaked at 72 hi (29±5)% ,(40±5)%, (26±4)% respectively, P<0.01]. (3)Compared with the control group(28.77% ), there was a significant increase of PCNA-positivecells (P<0.01) after 48 h treatment with different concentrations of Rgl (49.24%, 83.48%, 54.50%respectively). Conclusion The results indicate that, at least in vitro, fibroblasts from paraurethral fasciataken from women suffering from SUI are able to proliferate after

Central nervous system ( CNS) injuries, such as cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and spinal cord injury (SCI), are often accompanied by complex pathological changes, and could lead to a variety of other neurological diseases.Neurons and glial cells are precisely regulated by many genes.MicroRNA ( miRNA ) are endogenous molecules discovered in recent years that regulate post transcriptional gene expression.They are highly expressed in the central nervous system and abnormal expressed under pathological conditions.They are involved in regulating variety of pathological processes after CNS injuries, and are CNS disease potential biomarkers.

Objective:To develop a method for the determination of palladium in bendamustine hydrochloride by GFAAS. Meth-ods:The sample was destroyed by heat, and the content of palladium was determined by GFAAS with the detection wavelength of 247. 6 nm. Results:The absorbance and the content of palladium showed a good linear relationship within the range of 20-60 ng· ml-1(r=0. 998 4). The average recovery of palladium was 102. 9%(RSD=1. 7%, n=9). Conclusion: The method is sensitive and simple, which can be used for the determination of palladium in bendamustine hydrochloride.

Objective To explore the correlation of the gene polymorphism of the two single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)rs1443434andrs925489onforkheadboxEl(FOXE1)withthehighnormalthyroidstimulating hormone ( TSH) level in Chinese Han population. Methods 1 400 subjects with normal serum TSH and thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb) levels were included. According to TSH or TPOAb levels, the subjects were divided into high normal TSH group(H-TSH group,n=195) and normal TSH control group(TSH control group,n=1 205) or high normal TPOAb group ( H-TPOAb group, n=711 ) and low normal TPOAb group ( L-TPOAb group, n=689 ) , respectively. The genotypes on the two SNPs of all the subjects were performed by whole-genome genotyping chips. Results There were significant differences in rs925489 genotypic distributions and allele frequencies between H-TSH group and TSH control group(both P<0. 05). The genotype TT and allele T in H-TSH group were significantly higher than those in TSH control group(89. 75% vs 83. 15%, 94. 62% vs 91. 29%). The normal TSH levels were positively associated with rs925489 genotypic distributions after adjustment for sex, age, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(P<0. 01). There were no significant differences in rs1443434 genotypic distributions and allele frequencies between two TSH groups or two TPOAb groups. Conclusion FOXE1 rs925489 gene polymorphism may be correlated with the high normal TSH level in Chinese Han population.

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can be induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells in new environment after transplantation, and then to replace damaged cells for reconstructing neural circuit. OBJECTIVE: To establish the co-culture system between rat BMSCs and neural cells in vitro, and to study the influence of neural cells on the differentiation of BMSCs into neuron-like cells in the co-culture system. METHODS: The neural cells obtained from Wistar rat fetal brain tissue and BMSCs gained from rat thighbone were co-cultured in Transwell culture plate. The morphological changes of BMSCs were observed and the special markers of neural cells in BMSCs were examined by immunofluorescence on the fifth day of the co-culture. The results were compared with control group which where BMSCs were alone cultured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: BMSCs in the neural cells co-culture system extended, were radial, connected each other. Neuron specific enolase immunoreactions showed positive results, showing neuron-like cells. The positive ratio of neuron specific enolase-positive cells was (33.0±10.5)%. However, BMSCs in the control group did not express neuron morphological character. Immunofluorescence exhibited that cells were negative for neuron specific enolase. These indicate that microenvironment provided by neurons improves the differentiation of BMSCs into neuron-like cells.

This study was aimed to objectify Color Inspection in Traditional Chinese Medicine (CITCM). A quantita-tive system for CITCM was designed and developed. The entire system included two parts, which were the hardware and the software. The hardware was an image acquisition device in a standard lighting condition. The software was used for digital image processing. The chromaticity of facial special region (SR) corresponding to five internal organs were calculated. The system was carried out by taking 100 samples of people. It was concluded that the experiment verified the effectiveness of the system in objective study of CITCM. It can be used as basis for the further study on CITCM.

Definite elements is the first step of systemic analysis. Quality of thesis was determined by a combination of three factors in non-substantial dimension: ability,attitude and system. They affect the quality of undergraduate thesis in health management through different mechanisms respectively,such as selection and externalization of ability,power,adaptation,adjustment and defense of attitude,guide and regulation of system.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and therapy of Nocardia infection, and provide reference for clinical practice.Methods Patients with positive specimen culture of Nocardia from May 2014 to June 2016 were surveyed retrospectively, the body status, clinical features, therapeutic regimen, and prognosis were analyzed.Results A total of 10 cases of Nocardia infection were surveyed, there were 7 males and 3 females;average age was (49.90+13.75) years old.Nocardia infection occurred mostly in population with impaired immune status or underlying diseases, the main infection site was lung, compound sulfamethoxazole was the first choice drug for treatment of infection, amikacin, imipenem/cilastatin and so on were alternative choice according to disease condition, 8 patients all improved after therapy.Conclusion The diagnosis made on the basis of microbiological examination, imaging, and pathological examination, combined with comprehensive judgment according to risk factors of Nocardia infection, patient can be treated timely and rationally, and the prognosis is better.

Objective To investigate the characteristic changes of the metabolism products in the auditory cortex (transverse temporal gyrus)in patients with metabolic syndrome combined with sensorineural deafness using 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS),and to find out the early warning indicators of sensorineural deafness in patients with metabolic syndrome.Methods The pure tone audiometry (PTA)was performed in 142 pa-tients with metabolic syndrome (diagnosed by endocrinology department),and 15 healthy subjects as the control group.The patients were divided into four groups:the metabolic syndrome group;the metabolic syndrome group with unilateral,the bilateral deafness group,and the control group.Cerebral metabolism was studied by assessing the ratios of nitro-acetyl aspartate contrast to choline (NAA/Cho)as well as to creatine (NAA/Cr),myo-inosi-tol to creatine (mI/Cr)and choline to creatine (Cho/Cr)ratios in the auditory cortical separately in these groups. ROC curves were made for those metabolism markers to find the best diagnostic threshold.Results Significantly lower values of NAA/Cho ratio and higher values of Cho/Cr were observed in metabolic syndrome in the control group (P<0.05),Cho/Cr higher than those (P<0.05).NAA/Cho ratios in the injured and uninjured auditory cortex of MS with unilateral deafness were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05).A self-comparison was made between the inj ured and uninj ured auditory cortex,the result showed that NAA/Cho ratio had significant differences.All of the metabolisms were tested by the curve of ROC.The area of NAA/Cho under the ROC curve was 81%,which had a higher accuracy.NAA/Cho equating to 1 .82 could be used as the boundary indi-cators between metabolic syndrome without deafness and with deafness groups.The areas of the other indicators un-der the ROC curve were <50%.Conclusion NAA/Cho may be the early warning marker of sensorineural deafness in patients with metabolic syndrome.