Abstract: Objective　To evaluate the control efficacy of mosquito densovirus and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (MDV·Bti) oil suspension against the larvae of Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes albopictus under laboratory conditions, providing references for the selection of mosquito larvicidal agents. Methods　Thirty larvae of mosquito were placed in enamel pots containing different types of larvicide using the larval dipping method in the laboratory, and the mortality time, pupation, and emergence of the larvae were observed and recorded. The median lethal time (LT50) and 95% confidence interval (CI), along with the toxicity regression equations, were calculated using SPSS 18.0 software for statistical analysis. Results The LT50 of MDV·Bti oil suspension, temephos, and Bacillus sphaericus (Bs) for the early-instar larvae of Culex pipiens pallens were 85.7, 73.2, and 109.8 minutes, respectively, and for the late-instar larvae of Culex pipiens pallens were 82.8, 71.6, and 128.2 minutes, respectively. The times required for a 100% mortality rate of early-stage larvae of Culex pipiens pallens by MDV·Bti oil suspension, temephos, and Bs were 260, 160, and 200 minutes, respectively, and for the late-instar larvae were 240, 140, and 300 minutes, respectively. The 24-h mortality rate of both early-instar and late-instar larvae of Culex pipiens pallens by Bti was 0%. The times required for 100% mortality of late-instar larvae of Aedes albopictus by new larvicide 1, 2, and 3 were 280, 260, and 180 minutes, respectively, with LT50 values of 95.8, 68.8, and 54.3 minutes, respectively. The 24-hour mortality rate for Aedes albopictus larvae by temephos and Bti was 100%, with LT50 values of 222.0 and 272.5 minutes, respectively. Conclusions　MDV·Bti oil suspension demonstrates a good control effect against the larvae of Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes albopictus under laboratory conditions. Compared with the commonly used larvicides, MDV·Bti oil suspension presents advantages in controlling efficacy, suitable for mosquito larvae control.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of clusters of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in kindergartens and schools in Jinshan District, Shanghai Municipality from 2016 to 2021, so as to provide insights into improving the prevention and control measurements of HFMD in Jinshan District. Methods: Data of HFMD cases in Jinshan District from 2016 to 2021 were collected through Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and data pertaining to HFMD clusters in kindergartens and schools were also collected. The scale, temporal distribution, regional distribution and distribution of cluster places were descriptively analyzed. Results: Totally 338 HFMD clusters involving 974 cases were identified in kindergartens and schools in Jinshan District from 2016 to 2021, with an average attack rate of 9.89%. The number of cases in each cluster ranged from 2 to 12 cases, with a median number of 2 (interquartile range, 1) cases, and there were 223 clusters involving 2 cases, accounting for 65.98%. The duration of clusters ranged from 1 to 16 days, with a median duration of 4 (interquartile range, 3) days. HFMD peaked from April to June (136 clusters, 40.24%) and from September to December (176 clusters, 52.07%). All the 11 streets and towns (high-tech zones) were reported HFMD clusters, and the three largest number of clusters were reported in Zhujing Town (72 clusters, 21.30%), Shanyang Town (63 clusters, 18.64%) and Tinglin Town (40 clusters, 11.83%). There were 268 HFMD clusters in kindergartens (79.29%) and 70 in schools (20.71%), and the prevalence of HFMD clusters was higher in kindergartens than in schools (35.51% vs. 17.03%; χ2=31.507, P<0.001). Conclusions HFMD clusters in kindergartens and schools showed seasonal characteristics from 2016 to 2021 in Jinshan District, which predominantly occurred in Zhujing Town, Shanyang Town and Tinglin Town, and kindergartens were the main places.

ObjectiveTo determine the drug sensitivity and molecular typing characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from meat and diarrhea samples in a local area. MethodsSeventy-one strains of K.pneumoniae were isolated from 118 meat food （chicken and pork） randomly sampled in the markets in Jinshan District， Shanghai， 2020‒2021， and 1 499 diarrhea samples from outpatient diarrhoea patients in hospitals in the same district. Then drug susceptibility testing was conducted by micro-broth dilution method， and sequence identity was determined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis（PFGE）. ResultsThe overall detection rate of K.pneumoniae in meat was 11.86% （14/118）， with detection rate 20.93% （9/43） in chicken and 6.67% （5/75） in pork. The difference in detection between meats was statistically significant （χ²=5.317，P<0.05）. The detection rate of K.pneumoniae in diarrhea samples was 3.80% （57/1 499）. Furthermore， the isolated strains showed the highest resistance to ampicillin at 76.06%. The multi-drug resistant strains included 5 of human origin （8.77%） and 2 of foodborne origin （14.28%）. Additionally， 1 foodborne imipenem-resistant strain was detected. A total of 71 strains of K.pneumoniae were found to have 70 banding types， with similarity ranging from 39.4% to 100%， suggesting genetic diversity. ConclusionK.pneumoniae isolated from foodborne and diarrhea samples showed multi-drug resistance in Jinshan District， . with scattered PFGE banding patterns. It is recommended to strengthen the monitoring of this pathogen in the population and animal food， and be alert to the emerging multi-drug resistant strains and risk of food chain transmission.