Introduction: Shoulder problems have been a challenge among the aging population. Although reports surfaced on factors affecting shoulder dysfunction, however, such studies in relation to other factors like neck pain (NP) factor are limited especially among the elderly in the urban population. This study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with shoulder complex dysfunction among the outpatient elderly attending private physiotherapy clinics. Methods: A total of 75 elderly aged ≥ 60 years old from four private physiotherapy clinics were recruited by simple random sampling method. The elderly were evaluated using the QuickDASH questionnaire to assess shoulder complex dysfunctions and NP scale. Results: A total of 92% of participants have shoulder complex dysfunction. A positive correlation of NP to shoulder complex dysfunction ( r (75) = 0.83, p<.001) with significant associations of sex ( z= -2.549, p=0.011), smoking ( z= -2.388, p=0.017), lifestyle ( z= -5.780, p=0.000), hypertension ( z= -2.808, p=0.005), osteoarthritis ( z= -2.966, p=0.003), and NP scale ( z= -2.173, p=0.031). The predicting factor of shoulder complex dysfunction is sex (β = 0.156, t (74) = 2.240, p= 0.028) and NP scale (β = 0.704, t (74) = 7.853, p= 0.000). Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of shoulder complex dysfunction among the outpatient elderly attending private physiotherapy clinics with a predicting associating factor of sex and NP.

Older adults residing in community, as well as those who are residing in institutional or care home may experience various cognitive, health and physical impairments that may affect their independence. Continuous supports are needed to manage most of their personal care activities which are usually managed by their family members, often without proper training or guidance. To date, there is no personal care module that can be used as a guideline by family members and paid caretakers. Therefore, this study aims to develop and validate a personal care module as a guideline in assisting older adults with more significant disabilities. This study was a three-phase study, involving (1) development of the personal care module, (2) focus group discussion with healthcare experts and (3) face and content validity by the expert reviewers. A total of 10 older adults participated in semi structured interview in phase one and 13 occupational therapists were involved as experts in evaluating the module in phase two and three, having between 5 to 25 years of working experiences. The finding reported a high content validity in the developed module ranging from 0.88 to 1.00 on six domains of personal hygiene, bathing, dressing, feeding, bed mobility and stairs climbing. This study provides a preliminary support for the developed personal care module as a valid instrument to be used as a guideline in managing personal care activities of older adults with more significant disabilities.

The Performance Assessment of Self-care Skills (PASS-Home) is a client-centered, performance-based, criterionreference, observational form designed to capture client’s performance skills in completing daily task activities. The aim of the study was to describe the process of translating, adapting and validating the PASS-Home from English language version into a Malay language version. The development of the translated Malay version of the PASS-Home consisted of two stages. Stage one involved the exclusion of the items that were not culturally relevant to the Malaysian culture. Stage two involved the translation process. The five steps of the cross-cultural adaptation process were followed: (1) initial forward version; (2) a summary of recommendations by the expert panels; (3) the back-translation; (4) modifications of the translated Malay version of PASS and a summary of problems found during the pre-testing, and (5) the final version of the PASS Malay Version (M-PASS). A total of five items from the PASS-Home were omitted in the Malay version (M-PASS) and another five items that were considered as suitable in Malaysian context were added in the M-PASS. The Content Validation Index (CVI) showed perfect agreement with an average of I-CVI was reported at 0.99 and S-CVI/universal agreement (S-CVI/UA) was at 0.93. Test-retest reliabilty showed that the M-PASS were highly reliable reported of its three main constructs of Independence (ICC=0.706), Safety (ICC=0.906) and Adequacy (ICC=0.950). M-PASS showed strong evidence as a valid and reliable assessment in evaluating the functional level of older people who live independently in community.