The expression of brain aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is different at the different stages of cellular differentiation, and distribution of brain AQP4 is affected by the existence of endothelial cells. Other factors including osmolality, ammonia, hypoxia, temperature, hormone, C-type natriuretic peptide, lead, complement inhibitor, lipopolysaccharide can also influence AQP4 expression in astrocytes. However, the regulating mechanisms for brain AQP4 expression are not clear. Protein interaction, protein kinase C (PKC) through protein phosphorylation, mitogen-activated protein kinase signal pathway, Ca2+ signaling cascade signal pathway and transcription factor pathway have been proposed, among which phosphorylation of PKC for the inhibition of AQP4 is frequently studied.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of gynostemma on myocardium and its mechanism in patients with diabetes associated with hyperlipemia.Methods 178 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyperlipidemia from the department of endocrinology in our hospital were selected and divided into two groups, 89 cases in the control group treated with basic treatment of diabetes+atorvastatin, 89 cases in the experiment group received gynostemma on the basis of the control group, myocardial injury index, blood glucose level, blood lipid level, serum cytokine levels and serum oxidative stress response indexes were detected and compared after the treatment.Results Compared with the control group, serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), creatine kinase(CK), CK-MB, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)were lower in the experiment group after treatment, fasting plasma glucose(FPG), 2h postprandial blood glucose(2hPG), HbA1c level were lower after treatment, serum levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides( TG ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) were lower, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) level was higher after treatment, serum level of adiponectin(ADPN) was higher, tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-18(IL-18) levels were lower after treatment, serum levels of malondialdehyde(MDA), reactive oxygen species(ROS) were lower, glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase(SOD) levels were higher after treatment, with significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusion Gynostemma can significantly reduce the cardiac muscle damage of patients with diabetes associated with hyperlipemia , plays a role in myocardial protection, the mechanism may be to reduce blood glucose and blood lipid levels, inhibit the inflammatory reaction caused by inflammatory cytokines, improve the antioxidant capacity of the body and reduce oxidative stress damage.

Objective To investigate the effect of intra-dialytic exercises on micro-inflammatory state in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods Sixty clinically stable MHD patients from the Hemodialysis Center were enrolled in the study . The patients were divided into exercise group and control group with 27 cases in each group by using the random digit number table. The patients in the exercise group underwent a 6-month intra-dialytic exercise, in which the patients conducted physical exercises supinely on a cycle ergometer each for 50 minutes, 3 times a week. The patients in the control group were treated without any exercise intervention. Serum interleukin-6(IL-6), C-reactive protein(CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were determined after the study for 0 and 6 months. Results After the 6-month intradialytic exercise program, serum IL-6, CRP and TNF-α were all decreased in the exercise group (P < 0.05). These indices were unchanged in the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusion The intra-dialytic exercises can alleviate micro-inflamatory state in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Objective To observe the efficacy of treating allergic rhinitis majorly by needling three nasal acupoints, and to provide a safe convenient and effective method for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.Method Sixty-two patients were randomly divided into an acupuncture group (31 cases) and a Western medication group (31 cases), and the acupuncture group was mainly treated by three nasal acupoints, and the Western medication group was by Clarityne. By comparing the symptoms and signs, the clinical efficacies were evaluated.Result The total effective rate was 87.1% in the acupuncture group, significantly higher than 76.7% in the Western medication group (P<0.01).Conclusion It’s effective to treat allergic rhinitis by adopting acupuncture at the three nasal acupoints as the major method.

Good palatability of pediatric drugs improves the accuracy of dosing and adherence to dosing regimens. Many active pharmaceutical ingredients have an undesirable taste, so effective taste masking methods need to be developed to improve the palatability of pediatric medicines. This article mainly introduces the commonly taste masking techniques and taste evaluation methods, and puts forward suggestions on the concerns and general principles of the pharmaceutical evaluation of taste masking effects based on cases, in order to provide reference for the development of drug taste masking technology in children.

Gene Targeting ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; pharmacology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; physiopathology

History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Periodontics ; history

AlM: To investigate the relationship among carotid atherosclerosis, homocysteine ( Hcys ) and anterior ischmic optic neuropathy( AlON) .METHODS: Sixty-five AlON patients enrolled in AlON group and 70 non - AlON controls enrolled in control group. All the participants in 2 groups were examined by carotid artery color doppler flow imaging to evaluate the incidence of carotid atherosclerosis. Plasma levels of Hcys, vitamin B12 and folate were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer. The incidence of carotid atherosclerosis, plasma levels of Hcys, vitamin B12 and folate were compared statistically between AlON and control group.RESULTS: Fifty - six AlON patients ( 86%) exhibited carotid atherosclerosis, which was found in 43 control subjects ( 61%) . Fifty - nine AlON patients ( 91%) exhibited increased plasma levels of Hcys compared with that in 38 control subjects ( 54%) . Lowered vitamin B12 was found in 37 patients with AlON ( 57%) and in 43 control subjects ( 61%) . Lowered folate was found in 54 AlON patients ( 83%) and in 32 control subjects ( 46%) . The incidence of atherosclerosis in carotid artery ( P =0. 001), mean Hcys level (P=0. 0005) and lowered folate ( P = 0. 0006 ) were different statistically between AlON group and control group. Mean vitamin B12 level was indifferent between AlON group and control group ( P=0. 0722). Logistic regression analysis showed that carotid atherosclerosis was an a risk factor for AlON (OR=1. 312, 95%CI:0. 927~1. 772), whereas elevated Hcys level (OR=2. 378, 95% CI: 1. 479 ~ 3. 821 ) was also shown to be significant risk factor for AlON. CONCLUSlON: Carotid atherosclerosis and elevated Hcys were related with AlON. Reducing above-mentioned risk factors related to thrombus may be crucial to the prevention and cure of AlON.

Objective To investigate the effects of nasal tip reduction with inner incision combined with external fixation,namely,to evaluate the formation of bilateral alar groove which is en hanced by external fixation with small splints,after removing interdomal fat pad as well as adjusting alar cartilage to reduce nasal tip.Methods Alar cartilage and interdomal fat pad were exposed via the bilateral nasal vestibular incision to remove fat pad and part of enlarged lateral foot of alar cartilage.After suture of incision,based on the tissue removal,plastic splint was used for external fixation of bilateral nasal tip and alar groove for one week,to enhance the formation of alar groove.Results A total of 143 patients were followed up for more than 6 months after operation.Photographs taken before and after operation were compared,suggesting obviously smaller nasal tip and significant alar groove.Left and right alar groove space was decreased from preoperative (28.23±3.31) mm to post operative (23.72±2.65) mm,and nasal tip alar angle was decreased from (104.02±9.57)°to (87.78± 6.98)°,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).Slightly asymmetric nasal alars were found in 6 patients during follow-up examination,while tiny scars caused by splints (at 0.6 cm from the edge of splints) were found in 1 patient.Conclusions On the basis of nasal tip reduction with inner incision,the method of suture with small splints combined with external fixation is simple,effective and available.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy ofXing Nao Kai Qiao (brain-awakening and orifice-opening) needling plus thunder-fire moxibustion in treating vertebrobasilar ischemia.Method Fifty-five patients with vertebrobasilar ischemia were randomized into a treatment group of 26 cases and a control group of 29 cases. The treatment group was intervened byXing Nao Kai Qiao needling plus thunder-fire moxibustion, while the control group was by oral administration ofYangxue Qingnao granules. The blood flow of vertebrobasilar arteries were observed by using ultrasonic Doppler blood-flow detector before and after intervention, and the clinical efficacies were compared between the two groups.Result The recovery and markedly-effective rate and total effective rate were respectively 61.5% and 96.2% in the treatment group, versus 34.5% and 89.7% in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01,P<0.05). The VS and VD of vertebral arteries and VS of basilar arteries were significantly changed after intervention in the treatment group (P<0.05). The VS of basilar arteries was significantly changed after intervention in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, The VS of vertebral and basilar arteries in the treatment group was significantly different from that in the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionXing Nao Kai Qiao needling plus thunder-fire moxibustion is an effective approach in treating vertebrobasilar ischemia.