Differentiated cells can be induced into pluripotent stem cell by reprogramming with defined fators. The new method of stem cell technology marks a major breathrough. This paper reviews the establishment, identification and research progress about induction of pluripotent stem cell.

Objectives:This study was to evaluate the role of nasogastric feeding as early nutritional support in geriatric patients with brain injury. Methods:Thirty one geriatric patients with brain injury were randomly assigned to two groups,one supported with enteral nutrition(16 cases) and another with parenteral nutrition(15 cases).The serum glucose level,liver function and serum albumin levels were determined.The relative complications were recorded daily. Results:In early enteral nutrition group,there were less complications. Conclusions:The early enteral nutrition is well tolerated in the geriatric patients with brain injury.

The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) is a cooperative group to conduct clinical trials in breast and colorectal cancer research. In this article, we review NSABP breast cancer clinical trials.

Objective: To observe the differential expression of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and renal cell carcinoma marker (RCC-Ma) in early renal carcinoma and corresponding adjacent (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 cm) tissues, so as to estimate the safe margin of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for renal tumors. Methods: Tissue microarrys, including 44 tissues of clear cell renal cell carcinoma[A] and normal renal cortex tissues of different distances to the tumor: 0.5 cm[B], 1.0 cm[C] and 2.0 cm [D], were constructed. The expression of EMA and RCC-Ma was examined by immunohistochemical staining in the four groups. Results: Intensive membranous and (or) cytoplasmic staining of EMA and RCC-Ma was observed in the cancer and adjacent tissues. The positive rate in group A was significantly higher than those of the other three groups (A [15.91%/ 18.18%], B[84.09%/79.55%], C[86.36%/77.27%] and D[79.55%/75.00%], P<0.01). The positive rates of EMA and RCC-Ma expression were not significantly different between the group B, C, and D(P>0.05). Conclusion: Our data denote that, when laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is done for early renal carcinoma, at least 5 mm of normal parenchyma tissue beyond the pesudocapsule should be excised with the tumor.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of sever acute pancreatitis (SAP) with high triglyceride(TG). Methods 82 patients with onset of SAP within 72 hours were involved in this study. These patients were divided into high TG group (n=26) and normal TG group (n=56) according to serum TG lev-els tested (high TG group≥1.7 mmoL/L;normal TG group<1.7 mmol/L on admission). Results 31.71% (26/82) SAP patients were discovered with high TG APACHE-Ⅱ grade of high TG group was higher than that of normal TG group on admission[(14.62±7.58) vs (10.68±5.21),P<0.01]. Within the onset of 72 hours,the incidence of cardiac,pulmonary and kidney dysfunction in high TG group was higher than those of normal TG group (34.62%,34.62% and 19.23% vs 5.36%,3.57% and 1.79%,P<0.01),and the incidence of pancreatic pseudocysts was higher in high TG group than that of normal group(42.31% vs 7.14%,P<0.01). No emergency and early-stage surgical cases in high TG group but 13 cases(23.21%) in normal group. There were 2 cases of high TG group and 4 of normal group averting to operation. Conclusion SAP patients with high TG have high incidence of early-stage organ dysfunction and local complication,in this case nonsurgical intervention is the first choice.

Objective To explore the underlying mechanism of potential effect of sildenafil on porcine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs) proliferation induced by serotonin. Methods Porcine pulmonary artery SMCs at 3-5 passages were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (CON), 5-HT group (HT), sildenafil group (SIL) and sildenfil-5HT combined group (S-HT). Pulmonary artery SMCs at exponential growth phase were serum starved with 0.2% FBS for 72 h, followed by sterile PBS, serotonin (10 μmol/L) and sildenafil (1 μmol/L) incubation in CON group, HT group and SIL group, respectively. In combined group (S-HT): pulmonary artery SMCs were serum starved and then exposed to sildenafil for 20 min, followed by serotonin incubation for indicated time. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/ERK2) was measured by Western blot at indicated time points. Flow active cell sorting (FACS) was used to evaluate the ratio of S phase cells in the cell cycle after 24 h of treatment. MTT color metric method was used to analyze SMCs proliferative index after 72 h of treatment. Results Compared with CON group, the phosphorylation of ERK1/ERK2, the percentage of cells in S phase, and the cell proliferation index increased remarkably after incubation with 5-HT (P<0.05). Preincubation with sildenafil followed by serotonin enhanced the phosphorylation of ERK1/ERK2 (p-ERK1/ERK2) and further elevated the percentage of cells in S phase and the cell proliferation index compared with that of HT group. While the total ERK1/ERK2 (t-ERK1/ERK2) was not statistically different among these groups. Conclusions Sildenafil potentiates the proliferative effect of serotonin on pulmonary arterial SMCs via upregulating phosphorylation of ERK1/ERK2.

Objective Some drugs can effectively improve the uptake of 131 I in dedifferentiated thyroid cancer .This study was to investigate the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) combined with interferon-α2a (IFN-α2a) on the iodine uptake and re-tention rate of FTC-133 follicular thyroid carcinoma cells . Methods FTC-133 cells were cultured in the presence of 2 μmol/L AT-RA and/or 1500 IU/mL IFN-α2a for 72 hours.The the cells were collected for measurement of the uptake and retention rate of Na 125 I. Results The Na125 I uptake of the FTC-133 cells was significantly increased after 72-hour incubation with 2μmol/L ATRA and 1500 IU/mL IFN-α2a (2423.1 ±237.5) as compared with those of the control (1279.5 ±102.8), ATRA (1438.2 ±149.6), and IFN-α2a groups (1355.3 ±198.4) (P<0.05).Statistically significant differences were observed in the retention rate of Na 125I in the FTC-133 cells at different time points in the each of the blank control , 2μmol/L ATRA, 1500 IU/mL IFN-α2a, and combination groups (P<0.01), but not in that of Na125I among these groups (P<0.05). Conclusion ATRA in combination with IFN-α2a can promote the Na125 I uptake but cannot improve the Na 125 I retention rate in FTC-133 cells.

OBJECTIVE To study the risk factors of neurosurgical postoperative intracranial infection.METHODS Totally 5405 patients who had a neurosurgical operation from 1996 to 2003 in our department were chosen(172(cases) with intracranial infection).Many risk factors were studied retrospectively,A data-base was set up with EXCEL,and Logistic regression was selected to analyze the factors which might cause infection.RESULTS The(analysis) of 5405 cases revealed that infection rate was closely related to the operation durations,CSF fistulae,(ventricle) drainage,the insertion of tubes,the approach to the post fossa,the complication from diabetes mellitus(DM),and open(craniocerebral) injuries.While had little effect of sex,age,the season,longer application of hormones before the operation,preoperative diseases,and longer application of antibiotics before or after the operation.(CONCLUSIONS) To decrease the infection rate,according the clinical experience,the operation should be finished as soon as possible,the suture should be done completely to prevent CSF fistulae,and the duration of the ventricle drainage should be controlled strictly.

0.05); VEGF at 50 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml with the exposure time of 5 d increased the incorporation( P

OBJECTIVE To investigate pathogenic bacteria isolated from children with respiratory tract infection and bacterial resistance to commonly used antimicrcrobial agents. METHODS Routine methods were used to isolate and identify fastidious bacteria and Streptococcus from children throat swabs. The drug susceptibility tests were performed by Kirby-Bauer method. RESULTS One hundred and twenty four pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 300 samples. The isolation rate was 41.3% and the fastidious bacteria were 78 strains(62.9%). The resistant rate of Haemophilus influenzae to clarithromycimn, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazoe(SXT) and ampicllin was 70.0%, 60.0%and 66.7%, respectively. The resistant rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae to tetracycline, clindamycin, SXT and azithromycin was 96.2% 92.3% 92.3% and 92.3%, respectively; the resistant rate of Streptococcus pyogenes to tetracycline, clidamycin and azithromyoin was 100.00%, 94.45% and 83.33%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Fastidion bacteria and S. pyogenes are the main Pathogenic bacteria in children with respiratory tract infection. The antimicrobial agents should be chosen according to antimicrobial sasceptibility test results.