Aim To study the interfering effects of picrosideⅡ on the expressions of nuclear transcription factor kappaB(NF-κB)and inhibitor of NF-κB(I-κB)after cerebral ischemic reperfusion in rats.Methods Intraluminal thread methods were applied to establish the middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion models in rats.PicrosideⅡ(10 mg·kg~(-1))and salvianic acid A sodium(10 mg·kg~(-1))were injected from the tail vein for treatment.TUNEL positive cells were counted by immunofluorescence assay.The expressions of NF-κB and I-κB were determined by immunohistochemical assay,and the concentration of NF-κB and I-κB in brain tissue was determined by ELISA.Results The exprssions of NF-κB and I-κB were weakly and the apoptotic cells were scattering at cortex,striatum and hippocampus in the sham operative group.In the negative control group,the number of TUNEL positive cells and the expressions of NF-κB and I-κB increased,the absorption(A)values and the concentration were significantly higher than those in the sham operative group(P<0.05).While in the positive control and picroside groups,the expressions(A values)and concentration of NF-κB and I-κB and the number of TUNEL positive cells were significantly lower than those in the negative control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the positive control group and picroside group(P>0.05).Conclusion Picroside Ⅱ might downregulate the expressions of NF-κB and I-κB to inhibit neuronal apoptosis induced by inflammation after cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.

Objective To discuss the effect of an advanced technique by shortening the levator palpebrae superioris muscle in treatment of moderate and severe congenital blepharoptosis. Methods 30 cases of moderate and severe blepharoptosis (including 2 cases of recurrent ptosis) were treated by shortening the levator palpebrae superioris associated with resection of tarsus. Removal portion of tarsus and levator palpebrae superioris muscle was designed according to the width of tarsus and the severity of blepharoptosis. Tarsus and levator palpebrae superioris muscle and conjunctiva palpebrae were resected on the basis of above design. The results of postoperation were followed up. Results Among the 30 cases, except for undercorrection in 3 cases, all others had a good outcome. Eyelid was raised to normal level by this technique with a natural eyelid contour. Only some presented a slight dysraphism in the early stage of postoperation,and no other severe complications occurred. Conclusions Shortening of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle can be applied to treat moderate and severe congenital blepharoptosis, and correct the deformity and achieve cosmetic effect simultaneously.In order to achieve satisfactory effects on function and shape, we should master the main points of operation.

Aim To study the interfering effects of picroside Ⅱ on the expressions of nuclear transcription factor kappaB(NF-?B)and inhibitor of NF-?B(I-?B) after cerebral ischemic reperfusion in rats. Methods Intraluminal thread methods were applied to establish the middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion models in rats. PicrosideⅡ(10 mg?kg-1) and salvianic acid A sodium(10 mg?kg-1 ) were injected from the tail vein for treatment. TUNEL positive cells were counted by immunofluorescence assay. The expressions of NF-?B and I-?B were determined by immunohistochemical assay,and the concentration of NF-?B and I-?B in brain tissue was determined by ELISA. Results The exprssions of NF-?B and I-?B were weakly and the apoptotic cells were scattering at cortex,striatum and hip-pocampus in the sham operative group. In the negative control group,the number of TUNEL positive cells and the expressions of NF-?B and I-?B increased,the absorption(A) values and the concentration were significantly higher than those in the sham operative group(P0.05 ). Conclusion Picroside Ⅱ might downregulate the expressions of NF-?B and I-?B to inhibit neuronal apoptosis induced by inflammation after cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.

Objective To explore the possible effects on differentiation of SHI-1 cells induced by puerariae radix flavones(PRF)in vitro.Methods SHI-1 cells were treated with PRF in various concertration,then the inhibitory effects of cell proliferation were detected by MTT assay,the cell cycles were analyzed by flow cytometry(FCM),the cells reduction rates were detected by NBT reduction test,and the expression of CD11b and CD14 were tested by FCM.Results 10-50 μg/ml PRF could inhibit the proliferation of SHI-1 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner,and the cell cycles were arrested in S phase.When SHI-1 cells were treated with 10,30 and 50 μg/ml PRF in 48 houres respectively,the NBT reduction rates of cells were increased in a dose-dependent with PRF(P＜0.05),and the expression of cells surface differentiation antigen CD14 was also increased along with the concentration of PRF.Conclusion The SHI-1 cells could be induced to differentiation partially after treated with 10,30 and 50 μg/ml PRF in vitro.

Objective : To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of leprosy reactions in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2019, so as to provide reference for the control of leprosy. Methods: Through the national leprosy management system, the new leprosy cases in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2019 were recruited to analyze the incidence of leprosy reactions in different demographic characteristics and leprosy clinical features. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the influencing factors for leprosy reactions. Results : Totally 191 leprosy cases were investigated. The incidence rate of leprosy reactions was 29.32%; the the incidence rate of typeⅠand type Ⅱreaction was 16.75% and 9.42%, respectively. There were 33 leprosy reaction cases (58.93%) before multidrug therapy (MDT) , 13 cases (23.21%) during 0-6 months of MDT, 5 cases (8.93%) during 7-12 months of MDT, 3 cases (5.36%) during over 12 months of MDT, and 2 cases (3.57%) after MDT. The results of the multivariate logistic analysis showed that the cases who were 35 years old or below (OR=2.245, 95%CI: 1.006-5.008) , were not floating population (OR=3.442, 95%CI: 1.394-8.494) , were infected outside family (OR=3.878, 95%CI: 1.075-13.993) and were smear positive (>0+,OR=4.514, 95%CI: 1.365-14.926; >3+,OR=4.727, 95%CI: 1.443-15.485) were risk factors for leprosy reactions. Conclusions The prevalence of leprosy reactions is high in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2019, and is associated with age, floating population, source of infection and BI.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2022, so as to provide insights into improving STDs prevention and control strategies. Methods: Data of syphilis, gonorrhea, condyloma acuminatum, genital herpes and genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections reported in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2022 were collected from the Infectious Disease Surveillance System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The temporal, spatial and population distribution of STDs were analyzed, and the trends in incidence of STDs were evaluated using annual percent change (APC). Results: A total of 386 770 STDs cases were reported in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2022, with mean annual reported incidence of 127.80/105. The mean annual reported incidence from high to low was syphilis (44.11/105), genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections (40.20/105), gonorrhea (24.92/105), condyloma acuminatum (13.32/105), and genital herpes (5.34/105). The incidence of STDs appeared a tendency towards a decline from 2018 to 2022 (APC=-9.332%, P<0.05), with an average annual growth rate of -9.41%. Syphilis (APC=-11.536%, P<0.05), condyloma acuminatum (APC=-7.509%, P<0.05), and genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections (APC=-9.009%, P<0.05) showed a appeared a tendency towards a decline. The top three highest reported incidence were reported in Hangzhou City (185.98/105), Taizhou City (133.85/105) and Lishui City (122.73/105), respectively. The mean annual reported incidence of females was higher than that of males (140.60/105 vs. 117.83/105; P<0.05). Most STDs cases were at ages of 20 to 49 years (265 314 cases, 68.60%). Farmers (118 096 cases, 30.53%), household and unemployed personnel (85 924 cases, 22.22%) were the predominant occupation. Conclusions The incidence of STDs appeared a tendency towards a decline in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2022, with regional differences in incidence. People at ages of 20 to 49 years, farmers, household and unemployed personnel are high-risk populations for STDs.

AIM: To clarify the effects of gastrin on t he expression of cyclooxygenase (COX) and several growth factors in rat gastric mu cosa. METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were fasted for 24 hours and s ubcutaneously injected with saline or gastrin 17 at doses of 1 ?g/kg, 10 ?g/kg and 100 ?g/kg, respectively. The expression of COX-1, COX-2, heparin-binding e p idermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) and hepatocyte growth factor ( HGF) in the gastric mucosa were examined using Western blotting and immunohistoc hemical staining. Effects of a potent gastrin receptor antagonist YM022 on the e xpression of COX-1, COX-2, HB-EGF and HGF in gastric mucosa were also evaluated. RESULTS: Gastrin dose-dependently increased the expression of C OX-2 and HB-EGF in rat gastric mucosa while the expression of COX-1 and HGF did not change significantly after treatment with gastrin. However, pretreatment wit h YM022 dose-dependently abolished the up-regulation of COX-2 and HB-EGF express ion induced by gastrin. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that gastrin up-regulates C OX-2 and HB-EGF expression in rat gastric mucosa, indicating that COX-2 and HB-E GF are involved in pathogenesis of the gastrin-related gastric mucosal hyperplas ia and carcinoma of stomach.

Objective:To analyze spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of syphilis in Zhejiang province from 2016 to 2020, to explore cluster areas of syphilis cases, and to provide a theoretical basis for accurate prevention and control of syphilis.Methods:Data on reported syphilis cases in Zhejiang province from 2016 to 2020 were collected from the notifiable infectious disease surveillance system in China Disease Control and Prevention Information System. The ArcGIS10.2 software was used as a data management and presentation platform to establish a database for spatial analysis of syphilis in Zhejiang province from 2016 to 2020, and spatial autocorrelation analysis of reported syphilis incidence was conducted. The SaTScan 9.6 software was used for spatiotemporal scanning analysis.Results:A total of 158 420 cases of syphilis were reported in Zhejiang province from 2016 to 2020, and the average annual reported incidence rate was 49.07 per 100 000 in all counties and districts (range: 20.52 per 100 000-124.29 per 100 000) . The overall spatial distribution pattern of syphilis cases in Zhejiang province was characterized by higher reported syphilis incidence in the West area and lower incidence in the middle area. Global autocorrelation analysis showed that all the global Moran′s I indices from 2016 to 2020 were over 0, Z values were over 1.96, and P values were below 0.001, suggesting the spatial clustering of reported syphilis cases. Local autocorrelation analysis showed that there were 2 high-high clustering areas (Tonglu and Chun′an counties in Hangzhou city, Jingning county in Lishui city) , and 1 low-low clustering area (Jindong district, Dongyang and Yongkang county-level cities in Jinhua city) . Local hot-spot analysis with G statistic showed that there were 6 positive hot-spot areas and 8 negative hot-spot areas of syphilis cases in Zhejiang province. SaTScan spatiotemporal scanning analysis revealed 3 clustering areas, mainly distributed in Taizhou and Zhoushan cities along the eastern coast, and some counties and districts in the southwestern mountainous areas. Conclusions:The reported incidence rate of syphilis in Zhejiang province is characterized by spatial clustering. In the future, prevention and control of syphilis should be strengthened in southwestern mountainous areas, eastern islands, and other remote areas as well as areas with poor transportation.

Objective:To investigate epidemiological features and trends of genital herpes in Zhejiang province, and to provide scientific evidence for developing control strategies.Methods:Data on reported cases of genital herpes in Zhejiang province between 2011 and 2020 were collected from national notifiable infectious disease surveillance system in China Disease Control and Prevention Information System, and a descriptive epidemiological study was conducted.Results:The reported incidence rate of genital herpes in Zhejiang province between 2011 and 2020 ranged from 4.92 per 100 000 to 6.19 per 100 000, without a significant upward or downward trend (trend χ2 = 0.03, P = 0.959) ; the reported incidence rate in females showed an increasing trend (from 4.50 per 100 000 to 6.02 per 100 000, trend χ2 = 5.13, P = 0.034) , with an average annual increase rate of 3.27%; among all the age groups, the sexually active population aged 20 - 39 years showed a high reported incidence rate of genital herpes, but the incidence rate increased significantly in the groups aged 15 - 19 years and over 50 years, with the average annual increase rates being 8.10%, 9.24%,7.81% and 4.27% in the groups aged 15 - 19 years, 50 - 54 years, 55 - 59 years and over 60 years respectively. The largest proportion of cases was found in farmers (28.38%, 8 779/30 931) , and high average annual increase rates in proportions were observed in healthcare workers, retirees, students, unemployed population and cadres (13.71%, 13.14%, 10.74%, 9.36% and 7.00%, respectively) . The reported incidence rates were high (over 5 per 100 000) in Eastern coastal areas such as Ningbo, Wenzhou, Taizhou, as well as Jinhua city with relatively developed industrial economies in central Zhejiang; the reported incidence rate markedly increased in Hangzhou city, with an average annual increase rate of 5.39%. Conclusions:There was no obvious downward trend in the prevalence of genital herpes in Zhejiang province from 2011 to 2020. Attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of genital herpes in females, adolescents and the elderly, and the monitoring of herpes simplex virus infections and investigation of infection routes and exposure history should be strengthened.