The common pathogens and cases of secondary infection by acupuncture were classified and described, including staphylococcus aureus, mycobacteria, hepatitis virus and some sporadic infections. The above; cases were summed up according to the common pathogens of the secondary infection by acupuncture. Thus it illustrates the features of the secondary infection cases by acupuncture comprehensively and aims to enhance the infection knowledge of the medical staff in the hospital, so that the infection is effectively prevented in medical work.
Acupuncture Therapy ; trends ; Animals ; Bacterial Infections ; therapy ; Coinfection ; therapy ; Humans ; Virus Diseases ; therapy

BACKGROUND: The presence of various microorganisms in dental unit waterlines has been revealed by numerous reports previously. However, impact of different dental procedures on microbial contamination in dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) remains unclearly.OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of microbial contamination in water effluent from the high-speed handpiece line of dental chair units (DCUs) among different specialty departments in a provincial stomatological hospital. Thus, to propose individual infection control measures for different specialty departments according to their properties of microbial contamination.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A cross-sectional investigation was designed and conducted in Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital and Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, between May 2007 and March 2008.MATERIALS: The materials used in this investigation including nutrient agar, blood plates, biochemical testing kit, agglutination testing kit and Gram staining agents. These materials were purchased from Guangdong Huankai Microbial Science and Technology Co., Ltd.METHODS: Water sampling was conducted at 80 DCUs of different specialty departments in Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital. A total of 60 mL, with 6 mL for once sampling of water effluent from the high-speed handpiece line of each DCU were collected aseptically after the finish of the daily clinical work on every second Friday between May and October in 2007. Standard isolation and identification technique of bacteria was adopted.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Concentration of bacteria and prevalence of 3 species of bacteria in water effluent from the high-speed handpiece line of DCUs among different specialty departments were evaluated.RESULTS: Concentration of bacteria in water effluent from the high-speed handpiece line of DCUs averaged 5.67×10~2 cfu/mL, ranged from 5.15×10 to 1.59×10~3 cfu/mL. The microbial concentration of water samples from Department of Periodontics was significantly higher than that from other departments, while the microbial concentration of water samples from Department of Oral Surgery was the lowest (P = 0.000).CONCLUSION: Contamination in water effluent from the high-speed handpiece line of DCUs varied from different specialty departments in the provincial stomatological hospital. It is suggested that DUWLs flushing should be performed routinely, especially for the department without frequent use of the high-speed handpiece in the daily work, and extra infection control measures should be adopted for the department with severe clinical operative contamination.

BACKGROUND:Daily flushing of dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) is believed to be the least expensive and simplest method for reducing the level of microbial contamination in DUWLs.Authorities' guidelines suggest that high-speed handpieces should be run to discharge water for 30 seconds after use on each patient.However,the guideline is inaccurate for clinicians according to the time-dependent flushing since the maximum flow rate of flushing water varied from dental chair units (DCUs).OBJECTIVE:To assess the level of microbial contamination in water effluent from the air-water syringe and the high-speed handpiece line of DCUs and prevalence of three species of bacteria detected in DUWLs at each flushing volume.Thus,practical water flushing measures could be proposed according to the effect of volume-dependent dental unit waterline flushing on the microbial contamination in DUWLs.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A cross-sectional investigation was designed and conducted in Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital and Laboratory of Microbiology,School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine,Southern Medical University between May 2007 and March 2008.MATERIALS:The materials used in this investigation including nutrient agar,blood plates,biochemical testing kit,agglutination testing kit and Gram staining agents.These materials were supported by Guangdong Huankai Microbiological Science and Technology Ltd.METHODS:Water sampling was conducted at 80 DCUs in a stomatologicel hospital.A total of 6 mL,2 mL for once sampling,of continuous water flushing from the air-water syringe and the high-speed handpiece line of each DCU respectively were collected aseptically after the finish of the daily clinical work on every second Friday,between May 2007 and October 2007.Standard isolation and identification technique of bacteria was adopted.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Concentration of bacteria and prevalence of three species of bacteria in water effluent from the air-water syringe and the high-speed handpiece line of DCUs at each flushing volume were evaluated.RESULTS:The median concentration of bacteria in water effluent from either the air-water syringe or the high-speed handpiece line of DCUs was 5.67×10~2 cfu/mL,and there were no statistical differences among microbial concentrations of first three 2-mL flushing water samples (P>0.05).Prevalence of Staphylococcus spp.from the third 2-mL flushing water sample demonstrated an obviously higher level than that of Staphylococcus spp.from the first two 2-mL (P < 0.05),while prevalence of Streptococcus spp.and Actinomycete spp.kept at a relative stable level (P > 0.05) at each flushing volume.CONCLUSION:Volume-dependent water flushing procedure stays a more practical measure for reducing microbial contamination in DUWLs rather than time-dependent flushing,but the volume of flushing water needs to be further evaluated.

The surveillance of schistosomiasis in Sanzhou Village, Dantu District, Zhenjiang City, a national schistosomiasis surveillance site, showed that in 2008, the area with snails was 27 hm~2, among which the area with infected snails was 14 hm~2, the densities of living snails and infected snails were 0. 86 and 0.002 1 snails/0. 1 m~2, respectively. The infection rate of snails was 0.25% , the positive rate of IHA was 3. 10% and the infection rate of schistosome in human populations was 1%. There were no infected domestic animals found, and there were no acute schistosomiasis and newly advanced schistosomiasis cases found in the surveillance site in 2008. It is indicated that the endemic situation of schistosomiasis is stable. The comprehensive control, including molluciciding and environmental modification, should be implemented for snail control. The comprehensive measures with emphasis on infectious source control should be further strengthened.

Objective To analyze the clinical features and prognosis of urinary calculi in children caused by melamine-contaminated milk. Methods Retrospective analysis of 53 cases of urinary calculi caused by melamine contaminated infant milk powder were performed. Clinical characteristics, lab measurements, colour Doppler ultrasound and CT examination results were collected, and the outcome of treatment and prognosis were followed up. Results In the 53 cases, there were 39 males and 14 females. The main clinical manifestations at admission included crying during urination, abdominal pain, hematuria, oliguria and anuria. Urine pH value was low with average of 5. 32 ±0. 25,blood uric acid was high with average of (638. 69 ±36. 25) μmol/L,blood urea nitrogen was high with average of (8. 35 ± 1. 97) mmol/L The colour Doppler ultrasound and CT examination showed calculi in both or one side kidney,or combined with calculi in both or one side ureter,calculi in one side ureter,or bladder calculi. After medical treatment,all calculi were exported,urine pH values increased to 6. 52 ±0. 47,blood uric acid blood and urea nitrogen decreased to (382. 31 ±29. 57) μmo/L and (5. 15 ±1.92) mmol/L No calculi reoccurred within one year of follow up. Conclusions Medical treatment of urinary calculi in children caused by melamine-contaminated milk powder was effective,and there were less stone recurrence after discharge.

Objective To summarize the results of a new pancreaticojejunostomy technique designed to decrease incidence of pancreatic leakage in pancreatoduodenectomy.Methods The clinical data of 11 cases of pancreatoduodenectomy using remnant pancreatico-jejunum end-to-end anastomosis with external drainage of full pancreatic juice was analyzed retrospectively.Briefly,5-0 bioabsorbable suture was penetrated through the pancreatic stump and stent and then circulated the pancreatic stump for 2 circles and ligated.Octreotide was not administered in any cases post-operation.Results The operation was simple and timespared.Neither pancreatic leakage nor postoperative bleeding occurred in the cases.From 4 months to 3 years following operation,no other complications were found in all cases.Conclusions The method was safe,feasible and effective to decrease incidence of pancreatic leakage in pancreatoduodenectomy.

BACKGROUND: Stimulating cerebellar fastigial nucleus can regulate, dilate blood vessels and greatly increase local blood flow. However, if its mechanism is to improve the function of vascular endothelium is still uncertain.OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of stimulating cerebellar fastigial nucleus by electricity to vascular relaxation of transient ischemic attack(TIA) patients which is induced by blood flow and explore its protective mechanism to blood vessels of TIA patients.DESIGN: Randomized case control study to patients based on diagnosis SETTING: Department of general diseases, rehabilitation room and ultrasound department of a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Forty-four TIA patients(＞ 60 years old) admitted into Department of General Diseases of Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology during February 2001 to October 2002 were selected after excluding cerebral hemorrhage or cerebral infarction, atrium fibrillation and other arrhythmia or heart failure and blood system diseases. They were randomly divided into treatmentgroup(22 cases)and control group(22 cases) which were conducted stimulating fastigial nucleus + routine treatment and only routine treatment respectively.METHODS: High resolution ultrasound technique and brachial artery congestion method were used to test the internal diameter change rate of brachial artery in TIA patients before and after treatment.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The internal diameter change rate of brachial artery of TIA pat ients.RESULTS: The internal diameter change rate of brachial artery was (4.59 ± 3.32) % and ( 10. 34 ± 3.13 ) % respectively before and after conducting electric stimulus to fastigial nucleus with significant difference ( t = 5.91, P ＜ 0.01 ). There was significant difference on internal diameter change rate between treatment group and control group( t =5.41, P ＜ 0.01 )while there was no difference in control group before and after treatment [(4.68±3.20) %,(5.10±3.29) %](t=1.72, P＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Conducting electric stimulating to fatigial nucleus can greatly improve the reactively vascular congestive function of brachial artery internal diameter and it can improve the vascular endothelial functions of TIA patients.

leptin-induced VSMCs proliferation as well as expression of PCNA and OB-R at both mRNA and protein levels. The maximum effect was at 100 μmol/L(P<0.01).

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of loxoprofen silver in Loxoprofen silver cream, and provide reference for the quality control of the preparation. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Diamonsil C18 with mobile phase of methanol-water-glacial acetic acid-triethylamine(55:45:0.1:0.1,V/V/V/V)at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,de-tection wavelength was 223 nm,column temperature was 30 ℃,and the injection volume was 20 μL. RESULTS:The linear range of loxoprofen silver was 6.53-130.7μg/mL(r=0.9999);the limit of quantitation was 0.253μg/mL,limit of detection was 0.076μg/mL;RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2%;recovery was 96.79%-103.68%(RSD=2.23%, n=9). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and can be used for the content determination of Loxo-profen silver cream.

Objective To investigate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in differential diagnosis of pancreatic pseudocysts,cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas,so as to improve diagnostic accuracy of the condition.Methods The results of CEUS and conventional ultrasound for 71 patients with pancreatic cystic lesions were analyzed retrospectively,and compared with the finally obtained surgical-pathological examination to assess the ability of qualitative diagnosis between two methods.Results In 71 pancreatic cystic lesions,there were 32 pancreatic pseudocysts,24 cystadenomas and 15 cystadenocarcinomas.The sensitivity and accuracy of CEUS for pancreatic pseudocysts and cystadenocarcinomas were 84.4％,93.0％ and 86.7％,88.7％,which were higher than those of conventional ultrasound 56.3 ％,80.3 ％ and 53.3 ％,74.6％ (x2 =6.06,4.92,3.97,4.71,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion There are some similarities in terms of imaging manifestations among pancreatic pseudocysts,cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas.Combining conventional ultrasound with CEUS can help the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions.