[Abstrct] Based on field studying at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA),discussing with the teacher and student representatives and reviewing related literatures, we found that the suc-cessful experience of PBL at UCLA were small group teaching, the use of different sources of tutor, serious case preparation, and good hardware support. The major difficulties of PBL at UCLA were high teaching costs, unstable teacher group and high hardware requirements. Because of the cultural differ-ences between East and West, Chinese students are not good at active learning, so we recommended gradually carrying out PBL teaching in our country, making more PBL skills training to teachers and students, strengthening the hardware construction, seeking school administrative support, and giving timely repair according to the feedback of scientific research.

Athletes ; Humans ; Physical Conditioning, Human ; physiology ; Running ; physiology

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical effect of occupational therapy (OT) on the function of upper limbs and complications in stroke patients with hemiplegia.Methods99 stroke patients were randomly divided into the OT group (52 cases treated with OT and routine rehabilitation) and control group (47 cases treated without OT). Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and evaluation of hand function were performed before and two months after treatment. The complications of patients in two groups were also compared.ResultsAfter treatment, the functions of upper limbs and hand of patients in the OT group were superior to those in the control group ( P<0.05). The numbers of cases with complications in the OT group were significantly less than that in the control group ( P <0.01).ConclusionOT can improve the functions of upper limbs and hand and abate complications in stroke patients.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) treatment on post-stoke depression (PSD) and neurological functional rehabilitation.Methods60 patients with PSD were randomly divided into two groups, treatment group and control group. Patients in the treatment group were given HBO treatment in addition to the regular treatment. Changes of scores of Hamilton depression (HAMD), Chinese stroke scale (CSS), and activity of daily living (ADL) before and after treatment in two groups were observed and evaluated.ResultsAfter 1 month treatment scores of HAMD, CSS, and ADL in the treatment group got obviously better results than before treatment (P<0.01). While scores in the control group had no significant difference(P>0.05).Conclusions It is suggested that HBO may improve the depressive symptom and neurological functional rehabilitation in PSD patients.

Objective To evaluate the effect of different types of tube feeding on swallowing function of stroke patients. Methods 60 patients with dysphagia post stroke were divided into observation group and control group with 30 cases in each group. The control group received indwelling nasogastric tube feeding, and the observation group received intermittent nasogastric tube feeding. They were assessed with Kubota Water Swallow Test (WST) and VGF on the 1st day and 30th day after admission. Results The scores of drinking test and VGF were better in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05) on the 30th day. Conclusion Long-term nasogatric tube feeding is effective on dysphagia in stroke patients.

Currently,the research on evaluation of scientific and technological competency at universities is at its preliminary stage.To build an index system suitable for evaluating the competency of local medical colleges is import for its development.We here analyzed the key elements affecting the biomedical competency at local medical universities.Then,we constructed an index system with the Delphi method for the evaluation.Finally,the paper made an empirical research of this index system,which suggested that the evaluation index system is scientific and reliable.

[Objective]To evaluate the results of treatment with arthroscope and high tibial osteotomy with fixation of staple made of retention alligation for osteoarthritis of the knee,and to discuss the indication for this technique.[Method]From March 1999 to May 2003,42 arthroscopic treatment and high tibial osteotomies were performed in 34 patients.There were 6 men(8 knees)and 28 women(34 knees,with a mean age of 54.2 years(ranged,42～67 years.The average postoperative follow-up was 36 months(ranged,16～44 months.The indications for high tibial osteteotomy were unicompartmental osteoarthritis and varus malalignment.After arthroscopic treatment,a lateral closing-wedge osteotomy was performed with fixation of staple made of retention alligation.The arthroscopic examination showed:plica synovialis in l0 knees,medial meniscus injuries in 12 knees,lateral meniscus injuries in 6 knees,articular cartilage injuries in 20 knees,body loose in joint in 7 knees,intercondylar fossa stenosis in 9 knees.Common peroneal nerve was not exposed and the periosteum opposite to the insicion position was left intact for sake of stability and acted as a hinge around which the wedge osteotomy was closed.The patients were reexamined to obtain a knee score,to make lateral andanteroposterior radiograph of the involved knee with the patient standing.[Result]During the follow-up,the patients showed satifying pain relief,improvement of joint function,correction of yams deformity.The average preoperative knee score was 53.714?6.7,The average postoperative knee score at the time of the latest follow-up was 91.02?7.7.Comparing preoperative with postoperative,there were significant differences(P

0.05) were found in ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening of left ventricle (DD), blood flow velocity through aortic valve, blood flow velocity through pulmonary valve, E peak velocity of mitral valve, left atrial end-systolic anterior-posterior diameter, left ventricular end-systolic anterior-posterior diameter, left ventricular end-systolic left-right diameter and left ventricular end-diastolic left-right diameter after 2-4 hours of +Gz exposure. A peak velocity in mitral valve slightly increased (P

Objective To study the chemical constituents of Smilax china.Methods The compounds were isolated by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,ODS chromatography,and semi-preparative HPLC.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of MS and NMR spectroscopic analyses.Results Seven flavonoids and four stilbenes were isolated and identified as dihydrokaempferol-5-O-?-D-glucoside(Ⅰ),engeletin (Ⅱ),isoengeletin(Ⅲ),dihydroquercetin-3-O-glycoside(Ⅳ),3,5,7,3',5'-pentahydroxy-flavanonol (Ⅴ),astilbin(Ⅵ),quercetin-3'-Oglycoside(Ⅶ),piceid(Ⅷ),scirpusin A(Ⅸ),resveratrol(Ⅹ),and oxyresveratrol(Ⅺ).Conclusion CompoundsⅣ—Ⅸare isolated from this plant for the first time,among which the ~(13)C-NMR data of compoundⅨis reported firstly.

Many beneficial bioactive substances were produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa such as antibiotics, antimicrobial proteins, plant hormones and flocculants. These bioactive substances also could be produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa making it show excellent prospect in biological control of plant diseases, treatment of mankind and animals. This article summarizes research advances in Paenibacillus polymyxa and their bioactive substances.