Abstract: Objective　In order to provide reference for emergency treatment of a sudden food poisoning incident, pathogen detection and drug resistance analysis were carried out. Methods　Diarrheal stool and surplus food samples were detected by GB 4789 and the isolates were identified by VITEK2 and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), at the same time, the bacterial drug sensitivity test was carried out by using the method of microbroth dilution, and the isolates from different sources were molecularly classified by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and the correlation between the strains was analyzed by BioNumerics software. Results　Totaly 13 leftovers and 3 diarrhea patients were isolated and identified, The total number of colonies and coliforms in 7 leftovers samples all exceeded the standard, and Citrobacter freundii was detected in 5 leftovers and 2 stools. The results of drug sensitivity test showed that seven strains of Citrobacter freundii were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, amikacin, cefotaxime and meropenem, but completely resistant to ampicillin, and there was no multiple drug resistance. The results of pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed that 7 strains of Citrobacter freundii had the same PFGE bands and 100% homology, showing the same clone. Conclusions　This food poisoning incident was caused by Citrobacter freundii. The pathogen of food poisoning can be quickly and accurately determined by MALDI-TOF MS, which is beneficial to the early diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. It is suggested to strengthen the corresponding management, improve food safety awareness and prevent similar incidents.

It was estimated that about 428 species of genus Corydalis are distributed all worldwide, with about 298, especially 10 groups and 219 species being uniquely spread in China. The genus Corydalis have been widely employed as folk medicines in China, especially as traditional Tibetan medicines, for treatment of fever, hepatitis, edema, gastritis, cholecystitis, hypertension and other diseases. The phytochemical studies revealed that isoquinoline alkaloids are its major bioactive ingredients. The extensive biological researches suggested its pharmacological activities and clinic applications against cardiovascular diseases and central nervous system, antibacterial activities, analgesic effects, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation and anti-injury for hepatocyte, and so on. As an effort in promoting the research of pharmacodynamic ingredients, this article presents an overview focusing on the distribution, phytochemical and pharmacological results of Corydalis species that have been applied in traditional Tibetan medicinal, hopefully to provide a reference for the new Tibetan medicine development from Corydalis plant resource.
Alkaloids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Corydalis ; chemistry ; classification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Structure ; Phytotherapy

Objective The study aimed to investigate the relationship between arrhythmia occurrence and nerve remodeling of thoracic spinalcord 1-5 nerves as well as myocardial electrophysiological remodeling in a metal stress rat model.Methods Thirty SD rats (weight 180-250 g)were randomly divided into control group (n = 10),stress group (n = 10) and fluoxetine group (n = 10,10 mg/kg i.p.for 3 weeks).Stress model (given by unpredicted chronic mild stress) was established according to Cronli's protocol.Following parameters were observed:( 1 ) ECG waveform change and arrhythmias ; (2)tissue field action potential duration (FAPD) of thoracic spinal cord 1 - 5 and cardiac tissue mapped by microelectrode arrays ( MEA ) technique; ( 3 ) myocardial growth-associated protein ( GAP-43 ),tyrosine hydroxylase (TH),choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) distribution observed by immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscope (LSCM).ResultsThree weeks later:(1) The body weight,food intake,consumption of sugar water,the horizontal and vertical movement score,cleaning action of rats were significantly decreased,and fecal grains significantly increased,P-wave,P-R interval,QRS-wave and Q-T interval were significantly prolonged and heart rate was significantly reduced in stress group compared with control group ( all P ＜0.05).Incidence of ventricular premature beat was 80％ in stress group and 0％ in control group (P ＜ 0.05 ).The FA PD of thoracic spinal cord 1 -5 nerves [ ( 144.25 ± 12.63 )ms vs (79.56 ±8.01 )ms ] and of cardiac tissue [ LA ( 122.43 ± 19.34)ms vs (92.59 ± 7.61 )ms,RA ( 149.89 ± 14.68 )ms vs (105.18 ± 15.94) ms,LV(162.62 ± 7.04) ms vs (110.45 ±6.92) ms,RV (152.21 ± 30.49) ms vs ( 131.06 ± 12.04) ms ] were significantly prolonged,FAPD dispersion (FAPDd) significantly increased [ thoracic spinal cord 1 - 5 ( 13.3 ± 9.11 ) ms vs ( 9.36 ± 7.01 ) ms ] in stress group compared with the control group.Disarrangement of myocardial cells,proliferation of collagen fiber,infiltration of neutrophil and lymphocytes in the cardiac tissue were also observed and distribution of GAP-43,TH and CHAT was significantly increased in stress group.(2) All these changes could be partly reversed by the treatment with fluoxetine.Conclusion Metal stress induced cardiac autonomic nerve and myocardial electrophysiological remodeling and ventricular arrhythmia in rats which could be significantly attenuated by fluoxetine in this model.

Objective To investigate the frequency of the breast cancer related lymphedema and its effects on the health outcomes of breast cancer survivors.Methods It was a cross-sectional study and 301 female breast cancer survivors were enrolled in the study.Circumference measurement were chosen to diagnose the lymphedema.Quality of life Questionnare-Core30 designed by European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and Disabilities of Arm,Shoulder and Hand Scale were administered to assess the quality of life and upper limb function which were calculated as the main outcome variables.Results The incidence of the breast cancer related lymphedema was 15.0％.The patients with breast cancer related lymphedema had lower mean values in physical functioning and role functioning and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜0.05),respectively.Patients with breast cancer related lymphedema had higher DASH scores and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Breast cancer related lymphedema can not only decrease breast cancer survivors quality of life but also impair their upper limb function.It implied that breast cancer related lymphedema is a question which needed to be paid more attention.

Objective To observe the maximal heart rate changes, atrioventricular (A-V) conduction block and atrial fibrillation (AF) inducibility in dogs with vagosympathetic trunk exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMFs). Methods The vagosympathetic trunk of adult dogs was separatedand exposed to EMFs 0.043 kHz(2.87 μG, n=5) and to EMFs 2 kHz(0.34 μG, n=6) for two to three hours. Simultaneously, the vagosympathetic trunk was stimulated with 20 Hz frequency and 1-8 V intensity for 0.1 ms. Heart rate, presence of A-V conduction block and AF inducibility were determined. Results After 5-minutes exposure to EMFs 0.043 kHz (2.87 μG), the maximal heart rate decreased 29%, the voltage applied to vagosympathetic trunk required to induce A-V conduction block decreased by 60% in experimental group versus 5% increase in control group. This effect lasted 2 to 3 hours.While vagosympathetic trunk exposure to EMFs 2 kHz (0.34 μG) was associated with significant increase in the incidence of atrial premature beats, atrial tachycardia and AF, these effects could be blocked by propranolol and atropine. Conclusions Our results showed that 0.043 kHz (2.87 μG) EMFs exposure might reduce while 2 kHz(0.34 μG) EMFs exposure might increase AF inducibility. Our study thus suggested autonomic nervous system of dogs could be affected by EMFs exposure and 0.043 kHz (2.87 μG) EMFs exposure might be a novel option for AF prevention.

OBJECTIVETo search for an effective therapy for the acute stage of peripheral facial paralysis.

METHODSOne hundred and twenty cases of facial paralysis patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 60 cases in each group. Both groups were treated with routine medication, and the observation group was treated with shallow needling combined with acupoint application using self-made "acupoint application formula for facial paralysis" on the basis of the routine medication. The acupoints of Yifeng (TE 17), Wangu (GB 12), Dicang (ST 4), Jiache (ST 6), Yangbai (GB 14), Taiyang (EX-HN 5), Qianzheng (EX-HN 17), Cuanzhu (BL 2) in affected side and Hegu (LI 4) in healthy side were selected as main acupoints for shallow needling, and Qianzheng (EX-HN 17), Dicang (ST 4), Yangbai (GB 14) and Wangu (GB 12), or Jiache (ST 6), Taiyang (EX-HN 5), Quanliao (SI 18) and Yifeng (TE 17) were selected for acupoint application. The cure rate and the course of cured patients in both groups were compared.

RESULTSThe cure rate of 88.3% (53/60) in observation group was superior to that of 66.7% (40/60) in control group (P < 0.01). The course of cured patients in observation group was obviously shorter than that of control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONOn the basis of routine medication, shallow needling combined with acupoint application can improve the therapeutic effect and shorten the course for acute stage of peripheral facial paralysis.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Facial Paralysis ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the efficacy of sequential ablation of epicardial fat pad on inducibility of atrial fibrillation (AF) evoked by stimulating vagus trunk.Methods Eighteen adult mongrel dogs were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =9 each):Group A underwent pre-ablation of sinus-atrial node fad pad (SANFP) and subsequent ablation of atria-ventricular node fad pad (AVNFP).Group B underwent pre-ablation of AVNFP and subsequent ablation of SANFP.AF was induced by high-frequency electrical stimulation of bilateral vagus trunks.The AF inducibility and effective refractory period (ERP) changes during vagus trunk stimulation were examined before and after ablation in atria and pulmonary veins.Results (1) AF could be induced by vagus trunk stimulation and the incidence was higher during right vagus trunk (RVG) stimulation than left vagus trunk (LVG) stimulation [ (60.0 ± 0.0) ％ vs ( 18.4 ± 22.1 ) ％ ].(2)SANFP ablation significantly attenuated AF inducibility with LVG stimulation and RVG stimulation at 2 V (decreased 67.0％ and 72.0％,respectively).Subsequent AVNFP ablation after SANFP ablation further reduced AF inducibility with LVG and RVG stimulation at 2 V (decreased 100.0％ and 95.5％,respectively).(3)AVNFP ablation (decreased 95.7％ and 96.3％,respectively) and subsequent SANFP ablation after AVNFP ablation ( decreased 98.0％ and 100.0％,respectively) significantly attenuated AF inducibility with LVG stimulation and RVG stimulation at 2V.(4) Vagal stimulation induced ERP shortening was significantly attenuated by isolated SANFP ablation or AVNFP.Subsequent AVNFP ablation after SANFP induced significant ERP shortening in right atrial site compared with isolated SANFP ablation.However,changes of ERP shortening were similar between AVNFP ablation and subsequent SANFP ablation after AVNFP ablation.Conclusions Epicardial fat pad ablation reduced the AF inducibility and prolonged ERP of atria and pulmonary veins during vagus trunk stimulation.AVNFP,as the “ integration centers”modulating the vagal innervation to the atria,may be the more effective target of ablation for treating AF.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from Chinese children in seven cities.

METHODA total of 134 MRSA isolates were collected from nine hospitals. Multilocus sequence typing and spa typing were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) type was analyzed by multiplex PCR. The Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl) gene was also detected.

RESULTMost MRSA strains were isolated from pneumonia and skin and soft tissue infection (SSTIs) patients, accounting for 82.1%. Overall, 16 sequence types (STs) were obtained, and CC59 (51.7%) was found to be the most prevalent, which included ST 59 and ST 338, followed by ST239 (16.4%). SCCmec types II, III, IV, and V were also identified in the current study. SCCmec type IV was the most predominant type at 50.0%, followed by SCCmec type V at 23.9% and III at 23.9%. SCCmec subtypes IVa, IVc, and IVg were found among SCCmec type IV strains, whereas IVa was the main subtype at 77.6%. Twenty-six spa types were also identified, among which the predominant type was t437 (47.8%). The prevalence of pvl genes and the SCCmec type of strain was relevant, and the pvl gene positive rate was higher in SCCmec type IV and V-type strains than in SCCmec type II and III strains (58.6% vs. 14.3%, P < 0.05); there was a significant difference between them. In the strains isolated from pneumonia and SSTIs, ST59-MRSA-IVa(t437) was the predominant clone. There were five clones detected from the strains isolated from septicemia, with ST59-MRSA-IVa(t437) and ST59-MRSA-V(t437) as the main clones (57.1%). Various predominant clones existed in different regions. ST59-MRSA-IVa(t437) was the prevalent clone in the Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, and Shenzhen areas, whereas ST239-MRSA-III(t037) was the prevalent clone in the Shanghai area. Fifty percent of the isolates from the Wenzhou area belonged to ST910-MRSA-V(t318), whereas three clinical strains isolated from the Shenyang region belonged to three different types.

CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that MRSA isolates from Chinese children are largely associated with the ST59-MRSA-IV(t437) and ST239-MRSA-III(t037) clones. These two may belong to community-acquired MRSA and hospital-acquired ones, respectively. Different prevalent clones were detected in different diseases and different regions. Therefore, there is a need to conduct further research on clinical isolates, which can guide the choice of antibiotic treatment and the examination of MRSA prevalence.

Adolescent ; Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Prevalence ; Staphylococcal Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Logistic Models ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Radiography, Thoracic ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture on the learning and memory ability and cerebral cortex inflammatory factor of rats with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI); To discuss the mechanism of electroacupuncture for preventing and treating VCI. Methods VCI rat models were made in microemboli injection through internal carotid artery method. The successful modeled rats were randomly divided into model group, positive medicine group and electroacupuncture group, and normal rats were taken as control group. Three days after rat models were established, the positive medicine group was given donepezil hydrochlorideby gavage, and electroacupuncture group was given electroacupuncture at "Baihui" and "Zusanli" acupoints. After treatment, the learning and memory ability was detected by Morris water maze test. The contents of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in rat brain tissue were detected by ELISA. Results The water maze results showed that with the increase of the number of training, the average escape latency of rats to find platform in positive medicine group and electroacupuncture group all had different degrees of shortening in positioning cruise experiment; in space exploration experiment, positive medicine group and electroacupuncture group to cross the platform area for the first time were significantly reduced compared with the model group; compared with the control group, the contents of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the model group were increased significantly; compared with the model group, the contents of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-β in postive medicine group and electroacupuncture group were decreased. Conclusion Electroacupuncture at "Baihui"and "Zusanli" acupoints can decrease the contents of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 in the cortex of VCI rats, and improve the learning and memory ability of rats.