1.An Exploration Of Use Of Social Networking Sites Amongst Users With Psychological Problems
Manoj Kumar Sharma ; Indu S Menon ; P Marimuthu
ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry 2017;18(2):10-19
Objective: Social Networking Sites (SNS) are gaining popularity across different
cultures and age groups with its increasing role in the day-to-day life of its users.
Objective of the present investigation is to study the SNS use and its relationship
with online and real-life social capital, self-esteem and interpersonal
relationships in normal and clinical population. Methods: The sample consisted
of 93 participants of the age range 17-37 years, 63 participants from the general
population and 30 from the clinical population with a diagnosis of any depressive
or anxiety spectrum disorder. The tools used for this study are Basic Data Sheet,
the Facebook Intensity Scale, Internet addiction Test, Internet Social Capital
Scale. Results: The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Sentence Completion Test
Results show that Facebook use has a positive correlation with online bonding
and bridging capital. A significantly higher percentage of participants from the
clinical group met the criteria for problem use of the Internet. Compared to
average users, problem users of the Internet are found to have higher mean
scores for online bridging capital and conflicts in inter-personal relationships
and lower mean scores for real life bonding capital and self-esteem.
Conclusions: It necessitates an exploration of Facebook's use patterns in routine
evaluation and management of clinical conditions and implies the need for
further research to develop explanatory models and management strategies for
problematic use of the Internet.
2.Effect of Sarcostemma acidum stem extract on spermatogenesis in male albino rats.
Pramod Kumar VENMA ; Anita SHARMA ; Annu MATHUR ; Prachi SHARMA ; R S GUPTA ; S C JOSHI ; V P DIXIT
Asian Journal of Andrology 2002;4(1):43-47
AIMTo evaluate the possible antifertility activity of Sarcostemma acidum (Roxb) Voigt. stem extract in male rats.
METHODMale rats were given 70% methanol extract of S. acidum stem orally at dose levels of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day for 60 days. Fertility was evaluated with mating test. Sperm motility and sperm density in cauda epididymides were also assessed. Biochemical and histological analyses were performed on blood samples and on the reproductive organs.
RESULTSS. acidum stem extract resulted in an arrest of spermatogenesis without any systemic side effect. Sperm motility as well as sperm density was reduced significantly. Treatment caused a 80% reduction in fertility at the 50 mg dose and complete suppression of fertility at the 100 mg dose. There was no significant change in RBC and WBC count, hemoglobin, haematocrit, sugar and urea in the whole blood and cholesterol, protein and phospholipid in the serum. The protein and glycogen content of the testes, fructose in the seminal vesicle and protein in epididymides were significantly decreased. Cholesterol in the testes was elevated. Treatment at both of the doses caused a marked reduction in the number of primary spermatocytes (preleptotene and pachytene), secondary spermatocytes and spermatids. The number of mature Leydig cells was decreased, and degenerating Leydig cells was increased proportionately.
CONCLUSIONS. acidum stem extract arrests spermatogenesis in male rats without noticable side effects.
Animals ; Blood Cell Count ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Contraceptive Agents, Male ; pharmacology ; Glycogen ; metabolism ; Leydig Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Phospholipids ; blood ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spermatids ; drug effects ; Spermatocytes ; drug effects ; Spermatogenesis ; drug effects
3.Development of a sensitive and rapid method for quantitation of (S)-(-)- and (R)-(t)-metoprolol in human plasma by chiral LC-ESI-MS/MS
Sharma Primal ; Contractor Pritesh ; Guttikar Swati ; Patel P. Daxesh ; Shrivastav S. Pranav
Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2014;(1):63-79
A selective, sensitive and high throughput liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectro-metry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method has been developed for separation and quantification of metoprolol enantiomers on a chiral Lux Amylose-2 (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 mm) column. Solid phase extraction of (S)-(-)- and (R)-(t)-metoprolol and rac-metoprolol-d6 as an internal standard (IS) was achieved on Lichrosep DVB HL cartridges employing 200 mL human plasma. Both the analytes were chromatographically separated with a resolution factor of 2.24 using 15 mM ammonium acetate in water, pH 5.0 and 0.1% (v/v) diethyl amine in acetonitrile (50:50, v/v) as the mobile phase within 7.0 min. The precursor-product ion transitions for the enantiomers and IS were monitored in the multiple reaction monitoring and positive ionization mode. The method was validated over the concentration range of 0.500-500 ng/mL for both the enantiomers. Matrix effect was assessed by post-column analyte infusion experiment and the mean extraction recovery was greater than 94.0% for both the enantiomers at all quality control levels. The stability of analytes was evaluated in plasma and whole blood under different storage conditions. The method was successfully applied to a clinical study in 14 healthy volunteers after oral administration of 200 mg metoprolol tablet under fasting conditions. The assay reproducibility is shown by reanalysis of 68 incurred samples. The suitability of the developed method was assessed in comparison with different chromatographic methods developed for stereoselective analysis of metoprolol in biological matrices.
4.Improved simultaneous quantitation of candesartan and hydrochlorthiazide in human plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and its application in bioequivalence studies
Singh Bhupinder ; Lokhandae S. Rama ; Dwivedi Ashish ; Sharma Sandeep ; Dubey Naveen
Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2014;(2):144-152
A validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometric method (UPLC-MS/MS) was used for the simultaneous quantitation of candesartan (CN) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) in human plasma. The analysis was performed on UPLC-MS/MS system using turbo ion spray interface. Negative ions were measured in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The analytes were extracted using a liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method by using 0.1 mL of plasma volume. The lower limit of quantitation for CN and HCT was 1.00 ng/mL whereas the upper limit of quantitation was 499.15 ng/mL and 601.61 ng/mL for CN and HCT respectively. CN d4 and HCT-13Cd2 were used as the internal standards for CN and HCT respectively. The chromatography was achieved within 2.0 min run time using a C18 Pheno-menex, Gemini NX (100 mm ~ 4.6 mm, 5 mm) column with organic mixture:buffer solution (80:20, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.800 mL/min. The method has been successfully applied to establish the bioequivalence of candesartan cilexetil (CNC) and HCT immediate release tablets with reference product in human subjects.
5.Determination of cilostazol and its active metabolite 3,4-dehydro cilostazol from small plasma volume by UPLC-MS/MS
Bhatt M. Nejal ; Chavada D. Vijay ; Patel P. Daxesh ; Sharma Primal ; Sanyal Mallika ; Shrivastav S. Pranav
Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2015;(1):1-11
A simple, rapid and sensitive ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass cilostazol and its pharmacologically active metabolite 3,4-dehydro cilostazol in human plasma using deuterated analogs as internal standards (ISs). Plasma samples were prepared using solid phase extraction 18 (50 mm ? 2.1 mm, 1.7 mm) column. The method was established over a concentration range of 0.5–1000 ng/mL for cilostazol and 0.5–mL for 3,4-dehydro cilostazol. Intra-and inter-batch precision (%CV) and accuracy for the analytes were found within 0.93–1.88 and 98.8–101.7% for cilostazol and 0.91–2.79 and 98.0–102.7% for the metabolite respectively. The assay recovery was within 95–97% for both the analytes and internal standards. The method was successfully applied to support a bioequivalence study of 100 mg cilostazol in 30 healthy subjects.
6.Dhat Syndrome Assessment Using Mixed Methodology
Ashish Pundhir ; Rohit Kant Srivastava ; Saurabh Sharma ; Prachi Singh ; H S Joshi ; Vijender Aggarwal
ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry 2015;16(2):1-23
Objectives: Dhat syndrome is a cultural bound syndrome in which affected individuals have morbid pre-occupation with semen loss in their urine and its impact on the body. Previous studies have explored the symptomatology and perception regarding seminal discharge of such patients while there is lacked of literature on the assessment by quacks and practitioner of alternative and complementary practitioners (ACMP). Therefore, in addition to objectives of previous studies, this study explores the reprehensibility of such practitioners as they may not be giving correct advice to such patients.
Methods: For duration of three months, this mixed method study was conducted in Rohilkhand Medical College campus; individuals were approached both in and outside the Psychiatric Outpatient Department using purposive sampling procedure. ICD-10 diagnostic criterion was used to include affected individual in the study sample. Subsequently, a semi-structured questionnaire to document their socio-demographic data and symptomatology was used. Further, previous consultation to quack, ACMPs and allopathic practitioners other than psychiatrist and advice given to the patient by them was obtained via in-depth interview. The quantitative data was analyzed through proportions whereas qualitative data via thematic analysis.
Results: There were 38 out of 110 with Dhat syndrome. Invariably, they complained of undue concern regarding debilitating effects of seminal discharge and harmful for the body. A total 21.1% had prior consultation to ACMPs and attributing it to masturbation and hot weather. Surprisingly, allopathic practitioners consulted gave incorrect advices.
Conclusion: Dhat syndrome affects individuals irrespective of their social and education background. Sex education among the masses and emphasis for awareness of this syndrome among ACMPs and allopathic practitioners other than psychiatrist is necessary to reduce this cultural bound syndrome.
9.Determination of asenapine in presence of its inactive metabolites in human plasma by LC-MS/MS
Patel P. NIRAV ; Sanyal MALLIKA ; Sharma NAVEEN ; Patel S. DINESH ; Shrivastav S. PRANAV ; Patel N. BHAVIN
Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2018;8(5):341-347
A highly selective and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay has been described for the determination of asenapine (ASE) in presence of its inactive metabolites N-desmethyl asenapine (DMA) and asenapine-N-glucuronide (ASG). ASE, and ASE 13C-d3, used as in-ternal standard (IS), were extracted from 300 μL human plasma by a simple and precise liquid-liquid extraction procedure using methyl tert-butyl ether. Baseline separation of ASE from its inactive meta-bolites was achieved on Chromolith Performance RP8e(100 mm × 4.6 mm) column using acetonitrile-5.0 mM ammonium acetate-10% formic acid (90:10:0.1, v/v/v) within 4.5 min. Quantitation of ASE was done on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization in the positive mode. The protonated precursor to product ion transitions monitored for ASE and ASE 13C-d3 were m/z 286.1 → 166.0 and m/z 290.0 → 166.1, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of the method were 0.0025 ng/mL and 0.050 ng/mL respectively in a linear con-centration range of 0.050–20.0 ng/mL for ASE. The intra-batch and inter-batch precision (% CV) and mean relative recovery across quality control levels were ≤5.8% and 87.3%, respectively. Matrix effect, eval-uated as IS-normalized matrix factor, ranged from 1.03 to 1.05. The stability of ASE under different storage conditions was ascertained in presence of the metabolites. The developed method is much simpler, matrix free, rapid and economical compared to the existing methods. The method was suc-cessfully used for a bioequivalence study of asenapine in healthy Indian subjects for the first time.
10.Highly sensitive LC–MS/MS method to estimate doxepin and its metabolite nordoxepin in human plasma for a bioequivalence study
Patel P. NIRAV ; Sanyal MALLIKA ; Sharma NAVEEN ; Patel S. DINESH ; Shrivastav S. PRANAV ; Patel N. BHAVIN
Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2018;8(6):378-385
A selective, sensitive and rugged liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) assay has been developed for the simultaneous determination of doxepin (Dox) and its pharmacologically active metabolite, nordoxepin (NDox) in human plasma. The analytes and their internal standards (IS) were extracted from 500 μL of human plasma by liquid-liquid extraction using methyl tert-butyl ether. Chromatographic separation was achieved on Hypurity C8 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using a mixture of acetonitrile-methanol (95:5, v/v) and 2.0 mM ammonium formate in 93:7 (v/v) ratio. Detection was accomplished by tandem mass spectrometry in the positive ionization and multiple reaction monitoring acquisition mode. The protonated precursor to product ion transitions studied for Dox, NDox, and their corresponding ISs, propranolol and desipramine, were m/z 280.1-107.0, 266.0 -107.0, 260.1-116.1 and 267.1-72.1, respectively. A linear dynamic range of 15.0–3900 pg/mL for Dox and 5.00– 1300 pg/mL for NDox was established with mean correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9991 and 0.9993, respectively. The extraction recovery ranged from 86.6%–90.4% and 88.0%–99.1% for Dox and NDox, respectively. The intra-batch and inter-batch precision (% CV) across quality control levels was ≤ 8.3% for both the analytes. Stability evaluated under different storage conditions showed no evidence of degradation and the % change in stability samples compared to nominal concentration ranged from 4.7% to 12.3%. The method was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study of 6 mg doxepin hydrochloride orally disintegrating tablet in 41 healthy Indian subjects under fasting and fed conditions.