Objective To investigate changes and the significance of Th17/Treg immune imbalance in secondary systemic infection in patients with severeacute pancreatitis.Methods We selected 21 patients with severe acute pancreatitis and secondary systemic infection (infection group),25 patients with severe alone (non-infection group),20 healthy cases undergoing annual health checkup (control group) in this study.The expression levels of Th17/Treg cells and related cytokines were compared between groups.Results There were significant differences in mortality rate and duration of ICU stay between infection group and non-infection group [23.8％ vs.4.0％,(11.3±3.4) d vs.(7.5±2.8) d,x2=3.949,t=2.890,P=0.047 and0.045].The percentages of Th17 cell andTreg cell,Th17/Treg ratio,mRNA expressions of IL-6,IL-17,IL-23,TGF-β and orphan receptor γt were higher in infection and non infection groups than in control group [(26.4 ± 1.2) ％,(12.8 ± 0.9)％ vs.(3.1±0.8) ％;(6.7±1.6)％,(4.2±1.3)％ vs.(1.3±0.4)％;(4.3±1.0)％,(3.2±1.1)％ vs.(2.4±0.9)％;(7.1±0.8)ng/L,(5.3±0.7)ng/L vs.(0.2±0.1)ng/L;(22.9±2.4)ng/L,(15.6±2.8)ng/L vs.(10.3± 1.5)ng/L;(15.7±2.1)ng/L,(10.2± 1.5)ng/L vs.(8.3± 1.4)ng/L;(23.6±2.2)ng/L,(16.3±1.7)ng/L vs.(11.6±1.1)ng/L;(0.052±0.014),(0.035± 0.010) vs.(0.004±0.001);F=15.761,55.745,9.437,102.788,21.038,16.239,36.957,23.924,respectively,P=0.555,0.000,0.014,0.000,0.002,0.004,0.000,0.000].The mRNA expressions of IL-10 and Foxp3-T were lower in infection and non-infection groups than in control group [(6.4±1.1)ng/L,(10.5 ± 2.1) ng/L vs.(15.4±2.0)ng/L;(0.005±0.001),(0.020±0.007) vs.(0.032±0.009),F=18.995 and 20.608,P=0.003 and 0.002].Conclusions The secondary infection can aggravate the Th17 / Treg immune imbalance in patients with severe acute pancreatitis,and extend the ICU hospitalization days.

Objective To investigate intraspecific and interspecific variation within Malassezia iso-lates from patients with pityriasis versicolor by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, to learn the difference between RAPD analysis and physiological and biochemical methods in the typing of Malassezia species, and to explore the relationship between RAPD patterns and Malassezia species. Methods A total of 47 Malassezia isolates were obtained from 34 patients with pityriasis versicolor, and they were classified into 5 species by morphological, physiological and biochemical features, I.e., M. Fin'fur, M. Obtusa, M. Globosa, M. Restricta and M. Sympodialis. Genomic DNA was extracted from the 47 clinical isolates and 10 reference strains (including 7 species) of Malassezia. PCR was performed using 4 random primers including S22, S24, S25 and S33. RAPD patterns were analyzed by NTSYS software and dendrogram was autogenerated. Results Genomic DNA of most strains was successfully amplified with four primers, espe-cially with primers S22 and S24 that resulted in rather stable and clear DNA bands. A total of 82 fragments were amplified from all tested strains. These strains showed both interspecifie and intraspecific variation. Multiple swains were isolated from different body sites of 4 patients and identified into different species by biochemical and morphological typing; those swains from same hosts occupied contiguous positions in the dendrogram and exhibited a high genetic convergence. Conclusion The phenomenon that different strains from a co-host show a high genetic convergence indicates that species specificity and evolution of Malassezia are closely related to its hosts.

Antiviral Agents/pharmacology* ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus 3C Proteases ; Humans ; Lactams ; Leucine ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Nitriles ; Proline ; Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology* ; SARS-CoV-2