Objective To present experience on the management of traumatic posterior urethral stricture or obliteration in boys. Methods Treatment included transurethral resection (TUR) in 112 cases,combined perineal-transpubic urethral repair in 44,via perineal approach for urethral repair in 32,perineal urethrostomy performed either transpubicaly or(and) via perineal approach or interposition of a segment of pediculated skin tube of scrotum in 20 cases,Mitrofanoff in one,urethra anastomotic repair through rectal and perineal approach in one. Results The whole series have been followed up for 6 months to 14 years.Normal urination was achieved in 187(89%),incomplete urinary incontinence in 17,still with perineal urethrostomy in 5,and intermittent catheterization needed in 1.Posterior urethral diverticulum with chronic epididymitis persisted in one. Conclusions Appropriate initial treatment is important for the management of traumatic posterior urethral injury.In fresh cases simple cystostomy was only carried out for incomplete urethral disruption,end to end anastomosis via suprapubic combined with perineal approach is indicated in complete urethral disruption.For old urethral injury,internal urethrotomy is good for the majority of simple stricture.Transpubic combined with perineal approach is indicated for the length of posterior urethral stricture or obliteration longer than 2 cm.If the proximal urethral end is long enough for exposure the urethra can be repaired via perineal approach alone. Perineal urethrostomy should be reserved for patients with long segment of urethral obliteration.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)is characterized by high recurrence or distant metastases rate and the prognosis is challenging.There is mounting evidence that tumor-infiltrating B cells(TIL-Bs)have a crucial,synergistic role in tumor control.However,little is known about the role TIL-Bs play in immune microenvironment and the way TIL-Bs affect the outcome of immune checkpoint blockade.Using single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)data from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database,the study identified distinct gene expression patterns in TIL-Bs.HNSCC samples were categorized into TIL-Bs inhibition and TIL-Bs activation groups using unsupervised clustering.This classification was further validated with TCGA HNSCC data,correlating with patient prognosis,immune cell infiltration,and response to immunotherapy.We found that the B cells activation group exhibited a better prognosis,higher immune cell infiltration,and distinct immune checkpoint levels,including elevated PD-L1.A prognostic model was also developed and validated,highlighting four genes as potential biomarkers for predicting survival outcomes in HNSCC patients.Overall,this study provides a foundational approach for B cells-based tumor classification in HNSCC,offering insights into targeted treatment and immunotherapy strategies.