Aim To investigate the effects of co-administration of L-Arginine (L-Arg) and aspirin (ASA) on platelet aggregation in vitro and gastric damage in vivo. Methods Citrate anti-coagulation venous blood was obtained from rabbits. The blood was centrifuged at 1 100 r?min-1 for 10 min to obtain platelet-rich plasma (PRP). 500 ?l of PRP was poured into a cuvette, and then incubated with various concentrations of L-Arg and a small dose of ASA for 5 min. Platelet aggregation was assayed with Chrono-Log platelet aggregometer by changes in light transmission of platelet suspensions. After co-administration of L-Arg and ASA for 7days to rats, gastric damages were induced by water immersion restraint stress or reserpine. Results Co-administrateion of L-Arg and a small dose of ASA strengthened the inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation rate was 6.6% using 3 mmol?L-1 of L-Arg and small dose of ASA. Platelet aggregation rate was 93.9% using the same concentration of L-Arg alone. 1 g?kg-1 of L-Arg and 0.1 g?kg-1ofASA co-administration for 7 days,significantly reduced gastric damage induced by water immersion restraint stress on Wistar rat. Similar results were observed on other animal experiments with gastric lesions induced by reserpine. The effects of L-Arg on prevention of gastric lesion were almost same as that of famotidine. Conclusion Co-administration of L-Arg and ASA can enhance the inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation and prevent gastric damage.

Objective To investigate urine adiponectin changes and related factors in different stage of type-2 diabetic ne-phropathy.Methods A total of 1 1 9 DN patients admitted to the Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University in 2013 were selected.The general indices and laboratory examination results were retrospectively analyzed.1 1 9 type-2 diabetic nephropathy patients were divided into normal Proteinuria group,micro-Proteinuria group,macro-Proteinuria group,according to urine albumin excretion rate in 24 hours.45 health subjects from Physical examination center were enrolled as normal group.The UAER of the three groups were compared and the correlation between each index and UAER was analyzed.Results Urine adiponectin levels in normal Proteinuria group was significantly lower than micro-Proteinuria group(P <0.01)and macro-Proteinuria group(P <0.01). Urine adiponectin levels in micro-Proteinuria group was significantly lower than macro-Proteinuria group (P <0.01)and higher than normal group(P < 0.01 ).Urine adiponectin levels in macro-Proteinuria group were significantly higher than normal group (P <0.01 ).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that HDL-C,FPG,HbA1c and UAER had effects on the levels of Urine adiponec-tin.Conclusion Urinary adiponectin levels are associated with type 2 diabetic nephropathy,and which was related with HDL-C, FPG,HbA1c and UAER.

Objective To explore the value of color doppler ultrasound in infants with hypothyroidism between 0 to 3 years old before and after treatment .Methods The normal infants ,whose thyroids were examined by two‐dimensional ultrasound and were used by color doppler ultrasound ,were used as control group .The clinically diagnosed infants with transient hyperthyroidism or permanent hyperthyroidism were used as experimental group .The thyroids were examined by multiple ultrasonography before and after the treatment respectively in different periods .The measured values of thyroids were compared each other .Results In in‐fants with transient hyperthyroidism ,the major ultrasonographic findings were atrophy of thyroids before the treatment .Most of these thyroids enlarged ,and a small part of them recovered after the treatment .In infants with permanent hyperthyroidism ,the pri‐mary finding was thyroid agenesis ,and followed by atrophied before the treatment .The thyroid agenesis exist in most cases and few cases recover with normal values after the treatment .Conclusion Color doppler ultrasound can indirectly reflect the thyroid devel‐opment situation in infants .Combined with the advantages of non traumatic and high repeatability ,it can be used as an important auxiliary examination method for clinical diagnosis of hypothyroidism in infants .

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of coronary artery calcium score ( CACS) on virtual non-contrast scan ( VNC) images obtained from coronary artery CT angiography ( CCTA) scan with dual －layer spectral detector CT (SDCT) ． Methods : The data of 197 patients who underwent CCTA scan in hospital were analyzed retrospectively，and 88 patients with CACS ＞0 were further analyzed． Linear regression analysis of CACS and coronary artery calcium volume ( CACV) of true non-contrast (TNC) images and VNC images ( CACS-TNC， CACS-VNC，CACV-TNC，CACV-VNC) was performed to obtain linear regression equation and correction coefficients λ 1AVG and λ2AVG ．CACS-VNC and CACV-VNC were corrected by the corresponding regression equation and recorded as CCACS-VNC and CCACV-VNC，respectively．Spearman correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis and Bland-Altman plot was used for consistency test．Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the difference between the two groups. Results : For the total coronary artery，there was a strong correlation between CACS- TNC and CACS-VNC (rs = 0. 952，P ＜0. 001 ，λ 1AVG = 2. 19 ) ，CACV-TNC and CACV-VNC ( rs = 0. 954，P < 0. 001，λ2AVG = 1. 93) ．The results of Mann-Whitney U test showed that there was no significant difference between CACS-TNC and CCACS-VNC or between CACV-TNC and CCACV-VNC，and the Bland-Altman plot showed good consistency between CACS-TNC and CCACS-VNC ，CACV-TNC and CCACV-VNC． Conclusion VNC images based on SDCT can accurately measure CACS and be used for cardiovascular risk classification，which is expected to replace TNC scan and reduce the radiation dose of patients.

A series of 2-(((5-akly/aryl-1-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl)thio)-5-alkyl-6-(cyclohexylmethyl)-pyrimidin-4(3)-ones were synthesized and their anti-HIV-1 activities were evaluated. Most of these compounds were highly active against wild-type (WT) HIV-1 strain (IIIB) with EC values in the range of 0.0038-0.4759 μmol/L. Among those compounds, had an EC value of 3.8 nmol/L and SI (selectivity index) of up to 25,468 indicating excellent activity against WT HIV-1. anti-HIV-1 activity and resistance profile studies suggested that compounds and displayed potential anti-HIV-1 activity against laboratory adapted strains and primary isolated strains including different subtypes and tropism strains (ECs range from 4.3 to 63.6 nmol/L and 18.9-219.3 nmol/L, respectively). On the other hand, it was observed that those two compounds were less effective with EC values of 2.77 and 4.87 μmol/L for HIV-1A (K103N + Y181C). The activity against reverse transcriptase (RT) was also evaluated for those compounds. Both and obtained sub-micromolar IC values showing their potential in RT inhibition. The pharmacokinetics examination in rats indicated that compound has acceptable pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailability. Preliminary structure-activity relationships and molecular modeling studies were also discussed.