Aim To study the absorption kinetics of se-ries molecular weight 5-ASA-mPEG in rats intestine. Methods The in situ intestinal absorption property of 5-ASA-mPEG in rats was investigated by means of sin-gle-pass perfusion, and HPLC method was established to determine the drug concentration in the perfusate. Results The drug concentration and the site of intes-tine segments had little effect on the drug absorption constant ( Ka ) and apparent absorption coefficient (Papp). The perfusion flow rate and the variable mo-lecular weight of 5-ASA-mPEG could significantly af-fect the Ka and Papp. Conclusion 5-ASA-mPEG can be absorbed at all segments of the intestine of rats and has no specific absorption site. It is preliminarily in-ferred that the absorption mechanism of 5-ASA-mPEG is passive transportation. The intestinal absorption of 5-ASA-mPEG shows a downward trend with the increase in molecular weight. The results shows that the modifi-cation of 5-ASA by PEG can effectively inhibit the in-testinal absorption of mesalazine.

Objective:To summarize our experience in prevention of COVID-19 infection in emergency and confined operations during the first 3 weeks after Spring Festival in 2020.Methods:From February 3rd to 23rd, 2020, 151 patients were admitted to Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital for emergency and confined operations. In this cohort, 125 patients were admitted to ordinary wards. They were 70 males and 55 females with an age of 51.1 years ± 14.9 years. Of them, 2 were subjected to emergency operation and 123 to confined operation. The mean time from injury to operation was 9.9 days ± 6.1 days. There were 26 cases in the senile wards, 7 males and 19 females with an age of 80.8 years ± 7.0 years all of whom underwent confined operations. The mean time from injury to operation was 8.4 days ± 6.3 days. The protocols for emergency diagnosis, admission, emergency and confined operations, postoperative rehabilitation and management of suspects with COVID-19 during the epidemic of COVID-19 were optimized according to Diagnosis and Treatment Protocols for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial version 5), emergency responding pre-plans of our hospital, and our experience in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) as well.Results:The patients in the ordinary wards had a hospital stay of 6.8 days ± 4.6 days while those in the senile wards 5.1 days ± 2.0 days. Abnormal temperature (≥37.3 ℃) was observed perioperatively in 17 cases in the ordinary wards. It was absorption fever in all and appeared in 4 cases upon admission. Fever appeared in 11 patients in the senile wards and upon admission in 3 of them. One senile patient who had been diagnosed of normal pneumonia returned to normal temperature and remained stable conditions after antibiotic therapy. The other patients were free of complications related to COVID-19 during their hospital stay.Conclusion:The first-line medical staff working at emergency department, wards and surgical theaters must heighten their vigilance against COVID-19 infection and rigorously follow protocols for prevention of COVID-19 infection in their daily clinical practice.

Objective: To compare the therapeutic effects between the anesthetic and non-anesthetic closed reduction protocols for distal radius fractures based on the concept of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS). Methods: A prospective study was conducted in a cohort of 186 patients with distal radius fracture who had been admitted to the Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from September 2018 to January 2019. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the choice by themselves. Of them, 72 (intervention group) underwent the standardized closed reduction under brachial block anesthesia based on the concept of ERAS while the other 114 (control group) conventional closed reduction under no anesthesia. The 2 groups were compared in terms of emergency reduction times, swelling scores, reoperation rate, splint removal time, functional outcomes by the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) and radiographic outcomes by the Lidström criteria. Results: The patients in both groups were followed up for 6 months. The reduction times were fewer in the intervention group than in the control group (1.1±0.1 versus 1.6±0.1, P<0.05). The reoperation rate was significautly lower in the intervention group than in the control group [2.8%(2/72) versus 12.3%(14/114), P< 0.05]. Reduction deteriorated the swelling condition. Compared with the control group, the swelling was significantly less in the intervention group (2.0±0.1 versus 2.6±0.1, P<0.05). The splint removal time for the intervention group (5.3±0.2 weeks) was significantly shorter than that for the control group (6.9±0.2 weeks) (P<0.05). The intervention group had significantly better PWRE scores than the control group (23.4±1.0 versus 30.3±1.1, P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between groups in the Lidström evaluation (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with conventional closed reduction, the closed reduction under anesthesia based on the ERAS concept is an effective method for the emergency treatment of distal radius fracture, because it may minimize the patients’ pain experience, increase the rate of successful reduction, decrease the rate of reoperation, shorten the splint fixation time and gain better functional outcomes.

OBJECTIVE To compare the antibacterial drugs between the 2021 edition of WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children （WHO EMLc） and the 2018 edition of National Essential Medicines List of China （NEML）， and provide reference for the drug selection of Chinese essential medicine list for children.　METHODS By means of descriptive analysis， the similarities and differences in classification methods， special markers， the varieties， dosage forms and specifications were compared between WHO EMLc and NEML.　RESULTS WHO EMLc had strict limits and classifications on the antibacterial drugs， marked the age and weight of children who were restricted to use， and focused on the drug resistances and safety in children. In terms of varieties， there were 51 kinds of antibacterial drugs in NEML and 62 in WHO EMLc； 36 kinds of antibacterial drugs were both included in NEML and WHO EMLc； some antibacterial drugs， such as cloxacillin， procaine penicillin and ceftazidime avibactam， were listed in WHO EMLc but not in NEML. In terms of dosage forms， the dosage forms of antibacterial drugs included in WHO EMLc were more abundant and flexible， such as oral liquids， powder for oral liquids and scored tablets which were not included in NEML， and could improve the compliance of children’s medication and the accuracy of dosage. In terms of specifications， the total numbers of the specifications of antibacterial drugs both included in the two lists were close， but the specifications of some drugs included in NEML were more abundant， and the minimum specifications included in NEML were smaller. Although some of the unique antibacterial drugs included in WHO EMLc were listed in China， they could not be used in children due to the lack of drug data on children in China， such as clofazimine， bedaquinoline and delamanid.　CONCLUSIONS The antibacterial drugs included in NEML can not fully meet the medication needs of children in China. WHO EMLc has certain advantage and rationality as a special list for children. The relevant departments in China can learn from the excellent experience of WHO EMLc， improve the information of pediatric medication of NEML and launch Chinese Essential Medicine List for Children as soon as possible.

OBJECTIVE To compare the dosage forms and specifications of over-the-counter drug （OTC）（chemical drugs ） for children at home and abroad ，and to provide reference for the addition of new dosage forms and specifications of OTC for children in China . METHODS Data analysis was used to comb the active ingredients of OTC single -ingredient preparation for children in China . The similarities and differences of the dosage forms and specifications of OTC for children with the same active ingredients among China and 8th edition of WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children （WHO EMLc ）and US/UK/EU （this article refers specifically to EU countries ）/Japan were analyzed by comparative analysis . RESULTS There were 72 active ingredients of OTC single -ingredient preparation for children in China ，corresponding to 34 dosage forms and 216 specifications； 39 same active ingredients of OTC for children were retrieved in WHO EMLc and US/UK/EU/Japan ，corresponding to 38 dosage forms and 258 specifications. Among OTC for children corresponding to 39 active ingredients ，there were 10 unique dosage forms in China ，and 16 unique dosage forms in WHO EMLc and US/UK/EU/Japan ，of which some dosage forms have advantages for children（such as chewing gums ，gels for external use ，spray for oral liquid ，etc.），were included in the latter while not included in China . There were 107 unique specifications in China ，and 214 unique specifications in WHO EMLc and US/UK/EU/Japan ，of which the division of applicable age groups for specifications was more detailed . In addition ，the dosage forms and specifications corresponding to a few active ingredients （such as ibuprofen ，cetirizine hydrochloride ）were not included in OTC for children in China， while included in UK/EU . CONCLUSIONS The dosage forms and specifications of OTC for children in WHO EMLc and US/UK/EU/Japan are generally more abundant and E-mail：zjfyouyou@163.com flexible than in China . Relevant departments in China should learn from the advanced experience of WHO and foreign countries and increase the research and development of dosage forms and specifications of OTC for children .