Objective To investigate the clinical effects of surgical treatment of acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower limbs. Methods Twenty four cases with DVT were treated with a 2～3cm incision at the cross of superficial and deep femoral veins to take the thrombasis out. Moulding thrombasis were pulled up with ova circular tongs, and fragmented thrombi were spilled out of the incision with the prelum arteriol winding from foot to thigh. The artery was rinsed with heparinized saline for three minuets till the femoral vein was completely unobstructed. The vein was sutured, and the wound was drained under negative pressure. Results The near future effects: Limb swelling and pain disappeared in seventeen cases, conditions turned for the better in six cases, and there was no improvement in one case. The long term effects: Twenty one were followed up for an average of one year and three months. All patients had excellent walking and standing except two cases who suffered lower limb swelling and pain occasionally. Conclusions The operation of vein thrombectomy is a simple, easy and excellent approach to treat DVT, especially within six days after the the condition.

Objective To analyze the causes, prevention and treatment measures for nerve palsy complications in artificial hip replacement. Methods A total of 413 consecutive hip replacements performed from January 1991 to December 2001 were retrospectively studied. There were three cases of nerve palsy with a prevalence of 0.73%. Among them, there were two cases of sciatic nerve palsy and one femoral nerve palsy. Results The causes for nerve palsy in these three cases were hypotension shock due to excessive anticoagulation against deep venous thrombosis, hematoma compression and unknown causes respectively. The neuronal function of three cases of nerve palsy was recovered at different degrees through correction of shock, clearance of hematoma and rehabilitation therapy. Conclusions The causes for nerve palsy complication during artificial hip replacement are direct or indirect traction, compression and ischemia. Understanding the etiology of nerve palsy to avoid the nerve injury, immediate and correct management play an important role in prevention and treatment of nerve palsy during artificial hip replacement.

[Objective]To analysis the clinical manifestation and treatment of tendious sheath tubercular,probe the influencing factor of misdiagnosis and effect of treatment,in order to offer evident base for diagnosis and treatment.[Method]The material of 86 cases(from January 1994 to Jun 2005)were reviewed and statistically analyzed including sex,age,nidus region,clinical manifestation,method and effect of treatment,etc.[Result]65% of the cases were 30~49 years old.Sexual difference was not significant.Nidus region in right side was apparently higher than that in left(67%:30%).Major manifestation was edema,tenderness and mal-motion.The misdiagnosis rate and recurrent rate were 88% and 1.2%.[Conclusion]Untypical clinical symptoms and sign,non-special laboratory examinations lead to misdiagnosis.The effective treatment includes integrity excision,local and general chemotherapy,which made recurrent rate low.

BACKGROUND:The anatomical structure of acetabulum is different for the developmental dysplasia of the hip, which is smal and shal ow, with abundant cal us and scar tissue. It is difficult to determine the diameter of cup and instal ation of the cup during arthroplasty. Loosening and survival of postoperative prosthesis were influenced by local mechanical changes.
OBJECTIVE:Using the three-dimensional finite element analysis, the stress distribution in acetabular cup-bone interface after implanting cups with different diameters was studied during total hip replacement in treating the dysplasia of hip.
METHODS:Pelvis of developmental dysplasia of the hip patients was selected in this study. Acetabulum in the dysplasia was scanned by spiral CT. The computer simulation technology was applied to reconstruct the three-dimensional model of the pelvic for observing the dysplasia of hip from CT scan picture. Implanting cups with different diameters were simulated. Then the pelvis and acetabular cup model were meshed. The mechanics analysis tool was used to analyze three-dimensional model.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:For the developmental dysplasia, we chose cup with smal diameter that could lead to better bone bed inclusion of cup during total hip replacement. Smal diameter cup induced a smal contact area and increased unit area stress. On the other hand, with implanting the larger cup and increasing degree of acetabular grinding, the acetabular wal bone breaks more obvious, so that the stress (compressive stress and shearing force) concentration at the top of the acetabulum and uneven stress in the rest were apparent increasingly. Thus, in clinical practice, under the premise of the bone bed inclusion, a large diameter cup is helpful to good distribution of stress during total hip replacement, but the perforation of acetabular wal induced by enlarged bone bed should be avoided or minimized.

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of hip arthroplasty following femoral neck fracture.Methods Sixty-one cases of femoral neck fracture were treated by hip arthmplasty from January 2000 to April 2008,and their complete data were available,whose age ranged from 36 to 90 years old,mean age(71.5±14.7)years old.The group comprised 21 men and 40 women.Results Clinical follow-up ranged from 3 months to 8 years.The Harris hip score improved from(17.5±8.4)scores pre-operatively to(78.1±8.5)scores post-operatively,and the average leg-length discrepancy decreased from(2.52±1.09)cm pre-operatively to(0.81±0.73)cm post-operatively.The differences between pre-operative data and post-operative data were significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Hip arthroplasty is an ideal procedure for old femoral neck fracture in elderly patients or those who followed failed previous treatment.

BACKGROUND:The anatomical strucure of acetabulum is smal and shal ow in adult acetabular dysplasia patients. The large amount of cal us and scar tissues in the acetabulum make it difficult to identify and instal the acetabular cup during arthroplasty. The comprehensive understanding of the acetabulum before arthroplasty is the premise for selecting the appropriate acetabular prosthesis and making the acetabular reconstruction program. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the application value of three-dimensional reconstruction technique in choosing the size of acetabular cup before total hip arthroplasty for acetabular dysplasia. METHODS:Spiral CT was carried out in the 11 acetabular dysplasia patients who waiting for total hip arthroplasty. The acetabulum was multi-planar reconstructed, and the size of the acetabular cup was determined through digitized acetabular cup template implantation, and then the mathching degree assessment was performed to compare with the actual size. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Spiral CT could clearly show the acetabular morphology, and the 71.4%of the acetabular size chosen in the three-dimensional preoperative plan was the same as actual one, the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.888. The agreement was much higher than that of two-dimensional preoperative plan based on X-ray plain film. For the patients with acetabular dysplasia, the acetabulum became saml er and shal ower, and there were various extents of bone defects in the superior-lateral acetabulum. Three-dimensional multi-planar reconstruction can effectively evaluate the acetabular morphology, and three-dimensional preoperative plan can provide useful information for the choice of implant.

BACKGROUND:Hepatic cirrhosis may adversely affect the outcome of major orthopedic surgery, such as total hip arthroplasty. Peri-operative treatment is the chal enge for al orthopedic surgeons.
OBJECTIVE:To analyze the safety and feasibility of hip replacement surgeries in patients with hepatic cirrhosis.
METHODS:Thirteen patients with hepatic cirrhosis that underwent hip replacement were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the treatments and their efficacy before and after replacement.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al 13 surgeries were successful y performed. Al cases were fol owed up for more than five months and were graded according to Child-Pugh Criteria for hepatic functional reserve preoperatively and postoperatively. Five cases of the seven preoperative grade A cases preserved grade A postoperatively during a two-week observation, while another two cases rose to grade B and needed hepatic conservation treatment before discharge. Two cases of the six preoperative grade B cases rose to grade C with developed jaundice and ascites. Of the two, one even suffered a complication of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage 5 days after surgery. Somatostatin and proton pump inhibitors were administered to stop bleeding. Al cases gained a satisfying recovery. Harris hip score at fol ow-up showed favorable hip function. Hip replacement is safe and feasible for patients with hepatic cirrhosis when ful evaluation of hepatic function and appropriate perioperative management are ensured.

BACKGROUND:Posterior stabilized femoral knee prosthesis needs additional condyle osteotomy to accommodate the tibial post and femur fossa structures. Intercondylar fossa on both sides connected at the femoral body with concentrated stress is a place easily affecting fractures. Differences in bone mass between different models of different brands did not have specific data, which was not convenient to select prosthesis for clinicians.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the difference of intercondylar osteotomy data among clinical commonly used posterior stabilized knee prostheses (six imported and domestic brands), and to provide basis for the selection and application of the prostheses.
METHODS:The current commonly used posterior stabilized knee prostheses (six imported and domestic brands) were used, including Zimmer NexGen LPS, Stryker Scrorpio NRG Knee-Flexed, Depuy PFC Sigma, Smith & nephew Genesis-2 PS, United-U1 and Wego GKPS. According to the osteotomy template, the osteotomy-surfaces consisting of femoral condyle starting section and cross section, distal section of femoral condyle, and back-oblique section were identified. The corresponding femoral prosthesis diameter lines included condylar ambilateral and anteroposterior diameters, width and depth of femoral intercondylar fossa. The above data were compared and measured.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The six kinds of knee femoral prostheses were different in ratio of ambilateral diameter and anteroposterior diameter, bone resection of intercondylar fossa, and geometry. Imported prostheses carry shorter diameters in femoral starting and cross sections, so it can catch more posterior condylar osteotomy. With increasing prosthesis sizes, the ratio of bone loss causing by width of intercondylar osteotomy is decreased among six brands. In al sizes, Stryker Scrorpio NRG Knee-Flexed catches shorter width of intercondylar osteotomy. Knee prosthesis osteotomy among six brands is different. The result of this study is not sufficient to evaluate the pros and cons between different prostheses, but as reserving bone is concerned, the design of less intercondylar osteoomy catches more advantages.

BACKGROUND:It is the key point to choose the right size of the prosthesis, and grasp the direction and thickness for osteotomy during total knee arthroplasty. In order to achieve the goal, accurate preoperative planning is very important.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the accuracy of preoperative templating in total knee arthroplasty using conventional two-dimensional (2D) and computed tomography (CT)-based three-dimensional (3D) procedures (templating on 3D image&surgical rehearsing on rapid prototype technology-models), and to confirm the necessity of 3D evaluation for preoperative planning.
METHODS:A total of 25 patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty were randomly selected, including 10 males and 15 females, at the age of 58 and 79 years old. 2D and 3D images were col ected from al patients. Preoperative templating was performed for each total knee arthroplasty using both conventional 2D radiographs and a CT-based 3D image model. Accuracies with regard to the predicted and actual implant sizes were determined for each procedure.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The 3D procedure was found to be more accurate in predicting implant size of 80%femoral and 72%tibial components than those of the 2D procedure (4%femoral and 12%tibial components). Significant differences in the consistent rate of femoral and tibial prosthesis models were detected significantly (P<0.05). Kappa coefficient statistics demonstrated that goodness of fit of prosthesis model was good in 3D preoperative templating. Results confirmed that the superiority of 3D preoperative templating over 2D conventional evaluation is in predicting implant size, and provides more comprehensive information on skeletal anatomy.

Objective To investigate the perioperative risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with hepatic cirrhosis that underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA), and to evaluate the safety and feasibility of individualized anti-coagulation treatment.Methods There were 25 patients complicating hepatic cirrhosis that underwent THA (from Jan.to Dec.2014), including 17 males and 8 females, aged 57.9t9.2 years.The primary causes of THA were avascular necrosis of the femoral head (eighteen cases) and osteoarthritis of the hip (seven cases).Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was applied for anti-coagulation treatment.Parameters of hepatic function and coagulation function of THA cases (randomized thirty cases, from Jan.2008 to Dec.2008) without hepatic cirrhosis were used as reference for monitoring.For the cases of massive blood loss or upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, a LMWH administration pause and an administration of fresh frozen plasma and clotting factors were performed in order to maintain a hemorrage/coagulation balance.The clinical outcome of the hip joint was evaluated and complications were treated.A subsequent follow-up was also carried out after perioperative period.Results All cases received successful surgeries and followed up.The follow-up duration was 34± 15.7 months.The preoperative Harris hip score was 32.4± 10.2 points, while the most recent follow-up score was 82.9±6.1 points, which was statistically significant.Dislocation, periprosthetic fracture and periprosthetic infection were absent.All cases received individualized anti-coagulation treatments during peripoerative period.A hemorrage/coagulation balance was achieved.The dynamic parameter curves did not present excessive deviation from reference.One case encountered intermuscular hematoma of the lower limbs 48 hours postoperatively, which was solved by a LMWH pause and administration of fresh frozen plasma and clotting factors.One case suffered upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage five days postoperatively, which was controlled by a LMWH pause and the administration of somatostatin and proton pump inhibitor.Jaundic got worse in one case three days postoperatively but got relieved after treatment.Overt blood loss was 686t141.8 ml.Perioperative death, hepatic failure, hepatic encephalopath, hepatorenal syndrome were absent.No DVT was observed.Conclusion There are risks of DVT in patients of hepatic cirrhosis.Individualized anti-coagulation treatment is needed during perioperative period of THA.