AIM To study the boosting effect of Maximin 2 on expression of HLA DR and HLA ABC by cultured bladder cancer cell lines and compare with TNF ??IFN ?. METHODS Cell culture and FCM were used to dectect the effects of Maximin 2,TNF and IFN on the cell growth of three types of bladder cancer cell lines and HLA DR and HLA ABC expression under the IC 50 culture concentration. RESULTS Maximin 2 had show inhibition to cells growth under the small dosage. TNF ??IFN ? also had the effect on restrain all 3 cell lines growth. The expression of HLA DR was not any change in all 3 cell lines after being stimulated by Maximin 2?TNF ? and IFN ?, Maximin 2 and TNF ? can not change HLA ABC expression, IFN ? can up regulate HLA ABC expression. CONCLUSION Maximin 2 show the dose dependent effect on cell growth suppression; The mechanism of antitumor of Maximin 2 seems not relate to the enhanced expression of HLA DR or HLA ABC, TNF ? and IFN ? also not found effect to HLA DR expression. Since IFN ? are able to increase the expression of HLA ABC expression,enhanced recognization and cytotoxity of CTL to bladder cancer cells. It is may be one of the mechanism of antitumor of IFN ?.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of transurethral resection of ureteral orifice invaded by advanced prostate cancer caused hydronephrosis. Methods A retrospective study was done in 15 patients who were diagnosed by advanced prostate cancer with invasion of ureteral orifice and treated by transurethral resection of ureteral orifice and maximal androgen blockade. 24 kidneys were diagnosed as hydronephrosis by ultrasound. Before the procedure, the average serum BUN was 13.2 mmol/L (8.9~28.5), the average serum Cr was 243.3 μmol/L (126.7~369.2), the average GFR evaluated by renal radionuclide imaging was 48.6 mL/min (31.1~66.2), and the upper urinary tract was obstructed in kidneys with hydronephrosis. Results All 15 patients underwent successfully transurethral resection of ureteral orifice and discharged after 4 days stay. The average procedure time was 65 min (50~100 min) and mean blood loss was 45 mL (30~65 mL) . The patients were followed up for 2~4 weeks. Hydronephrosis examined by ultrasound was ameliorated in 18 kidneys (75%) and not obviously changed in 6 kidneys (25%) in one week after procedure. Hydronephrosis examined by ultrasound was ameliorated in 20 kidneys (83.3%) and not obviously changed in 4 kidneys (16.7%) in two weeks after procedure. Within two weeks after procedure,the average serum BUN was 10.75 mmol/L (6.6~21.30 mmol/L), the average serum Cr was 187.3μmol/L (97.5~286.6 μmol/L), the average GFR evaluated by renal radionuclide imaging was 58.1 mL/min (37.8~79.2 mL/min),and upper urinary tract was unobstructed. Conclusion Upper urinary tract obstruction and renal function were ameliorated and improved in a short time by transurethral resection of ureteral orifice invaded by advanced prostate cancer which caused hydronephrosis.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of application of anterograde flexible ureteroscope in the treatment of ureterointestinal anastomotic strictures in patients after Bricker urinary diversion. Methods From March 2009 to July 2012, 6 patients with ureterointestinal anastomotic strictures after Bricker procedure were enrolled in this study. The average age of the patients was (61 ±7) years old. The first clinical presentation was averagely (6.3 ±2.5) months after the Bricker procedure. There were 4 cases with left side strictures and 2 cases with right side ones. The urinary tract ultrasound, CT, KUB+IVP and antegrade urography were carried out to identify the obstructive portion. The mean length of stricture was 0.9cm (0.4~2.5) . First, all patients underwent percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN), then inside incision by Holmium:YAG laser under anterograde flexible ureteroscopy and lithotripsy (with calculi) . The F6 double J ureteral stent was indwelled for 12 weeks. KUB+IVP was performed after removal of double J ureteral stents. Results The mean operative time was (53±8) min. The mean hospital stay was (5.5±2) days. The blood loss was 3~6 mL. The average follow-up was 18 months (6~30) . No recurrence was found in 5 patients. One case had recurrent stricture after the first procedure, which was successfully managed by the flexible ureteroscopy again and replacing double J ureteral stent every 12 months. Conclusion The inside incision by anterograde flexible ureteroscopic Holmium:YAG laser is safe and effective for ureterointestinal anastomotic strictures in patients after Bricker urinary diversion, with less complications.

OBJECTIVETo study pathogeny, diagnosis and treatment of ureter fistula after renal transplantation.

METHODSThe clinical data from 30 cases after renal transplantations were analyzed.

RESULTSFour patients received conservative treatment, and 2 repairment of the fistula. Eleven patients had resection of the ureter or adjustment of the kidney, followed by the anastomosis of the ureter and bladder again. After the turning of the bladder's lamella, 13 patients were given 20 - 24 Foley's tube connecting the pelvis and bladder and nine of them were not subjected to re-anastomosis waiting for the pelvis crawling to the bladder as a tunnel. The one-year survival rates for 30 cases and kidneys was 96.7% (29/30) and 86.7% (26/30) respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThere a lot of causes for ureter which are fistula, running related to every aspect of transplantation. Early diagnosis and treatment is important to prognosis. Most patients need reanastomosis. According to the blood stream, edema, length of the ureter, operative procedures are selected to ensure free of strain.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Urinary Fistula ; diagnosis ; therapy

Objective To investigate the association of rs523349(V89L),rs9282858(A49T)and TA repeat polymorphisms in testosterone 5-alpha-reductase Ⅱ(SRD5A2) gene with prostate cancer(PCa) in the population of Yi nationality in Yunnan Province. Methods Sanger sequence detection technique was used to detect rs523349(V89L),rs9282858(A49T)and TA repeat polymorphisms of SRD5A2 gene in 122 subjects with confirmed PCa and 135 age-matched healthy controls in the Yunnan Yi population,then the association of these polymorphisms with prostate cancer was analyzed. Results The AA genotype of rs9282858 site in SRD5A2 gene was not found between the Pca patients and the healthy controls in the Yunnan Yi population. The genotypic and allelic frequency distributions of rs523349 and rs9282858 were not significantly varied between the Pca patients and the controls(P>0.05). But the genotypic and allelic frequency distributions of TA repeat site were significantly varied(P < 0.05). The genotype containing(TA)9 allele was more common in the Pca patients than the healthy controls(P=0.033). Compared with(TA)0 allele subjects,(TA)9 allele subjects had a higher PCa risk(OR=2.181, 95% CI :1.111~4.281,P=0.021). Conclusion The TA repeat polymorphisms of SRD5A2 gene was associated with PCa risk in the Yunnan Yi population,which could be used as a risk factor to screen the high-risk individuals.

Objective To investigate the effect of lentivirus carrying shRNA-VDR vector on GLi1 in pros-tate cancer PC-3 cells. Methods The cells were cultured according to the culture conditions of PC-3 cells. Expression of VDR and GLi1 in PC-3 cells was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR and immunocytochemistry SP method.The efficiency of PC-3 cell virus infection was evaluated.The effect of VDR gene interference and GLi1 transcription level on PC-3 cells was detected by RT-PCR.Results Cell culture,cell status was recorded and PC-3 cells were in good condition and the passages was 4 days. Fluorescence quantitative and immunocytochemi-cal SP showed that VDR and GLi1 were expressed in PC-3 cells.The virus infection efficiency showed that the in-fection efficiency was about 95% when adding LV3-NC lentivirus to PC-3 cells at 1:10 ratio. RT-PCR showed that VDR-shRNA lentivirus successfully disturbed VDR expression and decreased by 85%(P < 0.05)compared with the control group after 72 days of VDR-shRNA lentivirus transfection. Transcription level of GLi1 gene in the experimental group increased by 9% compared with the control group(P < 0.05). The transcription level of GLi1 gene in the experimental group increased by 248% compared with the control group(P < 0.05). Conclusion The cultured PC-3 cells were in good condition. VDR and GLi1 genes were expressed in PC-3 cells. Lentivirus showed highest efficiency in infecting PC-3 at 1:10 ratio. When VDR was disturbed,the expression of GLi1 in-creased.In prostate cancer cells,vitamin D can inhibit the Hh signaling pathway and cause GLi1 expression down expression.