Objective To understand health seeking behaviors and influencing factors among freshmen before enrollment in Kunming Medical University in Yunnan Province and to find out the existing medical problems and provide advice to guarantee undergraduates' seeking proper treatment. Methods We used cluster sampling method to select 1044 freshmen whose last digit of student number was singular and questionnaire was used to do the survey which was conducted within 3 months of admission. Statistical methods were descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The main reasons for students to see the doctor were acute diseases (29.4%) and common disease dominated by cold and fever (34.9%), most of the students went to the medical institutions because of mild medication which can be treated by taking pills. Family location for rural areas had small number of students to see the doctors, the number of students seek medical services with low income families were larger than the high counterparts;students had poor perceived health status tended to seek medical services. Conclusions Family location, incomes and perceived health status are important factors influencing health seeking behavior. The current medical insurance system for college students could be further improved, and colleges and universities should take appropriate measures to provide the conditions for students to seek proper treatment.

Objective To investigate the relationship of the cytogenetic abnormalities detected by FISH in patients with MM and their clinical features. Methods FISH on bone marrow (BM) cells was performed in 57 enrolled MM patients. Relationships between cytogenetic abnormalities and clinical features were analyzed. Results By statistical analysis , both D13S319 deletion and RB1 deletion were associated with high level of serum LDH (P = 0.024; P = 0.018) and BM plasma cells index (P = 0.027; P = 0.013). 1q21 amplification was significantly associated with high level of LDH (P = 0.030 ) and the occurence of light chain type myeloma (P = 0.023). IgH rearrangement was associated with renal function damage (P = 0.009). There were correlations among D13S319 deletion, RB1 deletion, 1q21 amplification and IgH rearrangement (P<0.01). Conclusion The genetic abnormalities detected by FISH in patients with MM were correlated with various clinical poor prognostic indicators, which can evaluate the condition and prognosis of patients more efficiently.

BACKGROUNDLung cancer has become the leading cause of the cancer death in China. Population-based lung cancer screening is still in controversy. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of annual chest radiography and sputum cytological screening conducted in high lung cancer risk population who were exposed to work related carcinogens.

METHODSA retrospective analysis was conducted to evaluate the screening results of the lung cancer cases diagnosed from 1992 to 2001 in the miners of Yunnan tin mine.

RESULTSA total of 9317 miners had been screened annually from 1992 to 1999. A total of 46 779 chest radiography and 45 672 sputum cytological examinations had been conducted, and 793 cohort subjects had at least one positive result. The annual positive detection rate ranged from 1214.1/100 000 to 3482.7/100 000. By December 31, 2001, 433 lung cancer cases had been confirmed, 371 cases out of them had cytological/pathological evidence, and 55.0% were squamous cell carcinoma followed by adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma. Stage I or II accounted for 24%. 62.1% of the cases had at least one positive screening result, while 165 cases were detected by chest radiography alone, 56 were detected by sputum cytology, and 48 were detected by both screening modalities. 64.2% of X-ray detected cases were squamous/adenous carcinomas and 75.0% of cytological detected cases were squamous carcinoma. 80.8% of early stage cases had at least one previous positive finding from screening.

CONCLUSIONSAnnual lung cancer screening with combination of chest radiography and sputum cytology play some extent role in early detection of lung cancer in high risk population. The results may provide some primary data for lung cancer screening in special population who are at high risk of lung cancer in China.

BACKGROUNDTo establish a cohort for the study of risk factors of lung cancer, and to support the study of early biomarkers and prevention of lung cancer.

METHODSDesigned a special population-based prospectively dynamic cohort among radon- and arsenic-exposed tin miners aged 40 or more years old with at least 10 years of occupational exposure in Yunnan Province, P.R.China. The mass screenings with sputum cytology and chest X-ray were conducted annually. The baseline information was collected for assessing demographic characteristics and risk factors. The multiple sputum specimens, chest radiographs and numerous biologic specimens have been collected and stored.

RESULTSFrom 1992-1999, 9143 miners have been enrolled and 460 new cases of lung cancer have been found. There had 47655 person-time chest radiographs and 46625 person-time sputum cytology among the cohort in 8 years. The relative risks of age-adjusted exposure to chronic bronchitis, silicosis, and tobacco were 1.73, 1.46, and 1.32 respectively.

CONCLUSIONSA cohort of unique occupationally-exposed tin miners with an extensive biologic specimen repository and data bank has been successfully established. Although occupational exposures are the predominant risk factors among the high risk miners, lung cancer risk is also associated with chronic obstructive lung disease (chronic bronchitis and silicosis) and a number of measures of exposure to tobacco smoke, including early age of first use, duration, and cumulative exposure.

Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a curved vertebroplasty (CVP) compared with traditional unipedicular approach vertebroplasty (UVP) in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF).Methods This was a retrospective case control study on the clinical data of 77 OVCF patients (12 males,65 females;aged 55-86 years,mean 70.8 years) admitted between July 2013 and December 2016.There were 6 injured vertebrae at T1 10,73 at T11 L2,and 12 at L3 5.The patients were divided into CVP group (36 patients,44 vertebrae) and UVP group (41 patients,47 vertebrae) with no significant difference in baseline clinical variables.Intraoperative and postoperative complications including neurovascular injury were recorded.Operation duration,fluoroscopy frequency,volume of cement per level,cement leakage rate per level treated,cement distribution,and refracture rate were compared between the two groups.Preoperative and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were compared both within the group and between the groups.Results No severe complications related to puncture were observed.No significant difference was observed for operation duration,fluoroscopy frequency,and cement leakage rate per level treated between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with UVP group,CVP group had larger volume of cement per level [(5.0 ± 1.4) ml vs.(4.3 ± 1.6) ml],more uniform cement distribution (none vs.10 cases),and lower refracture rate (0 vs.10％) (P ＜ 0.05).The two groups were followed up for 6-49 months (mean,25.9 months).Significant improvements on the VAS and ODI were noted within each group (P ＜0.01),but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Both CVP and UVP are safe and effective treatments for OVCF.Compared with UVP,CVP entails more uniform cement distribution and lower refracture rate.

Objective:To observe the efficacy and safety of urokinase arterial thrombolysis in the treatment of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) at different time window.Methods:A retrospective study. From January 2014 to November 2019, 157 eyes (157 CRAO patients) in the Xi’an People's Hospital (Xi’an Fourth Hospital) were included in the study. There were 120 males and 37 females, with the average age of 54.87±12.12 years. The mean onset time was 65.66±67.44 h. All patients were tested with BCVA using international standard visual acuity chart, and the results were converted into logMAR visual acuity record. The arm-retinal circulation time (A-Rct) and the filling time (FT) of retinal arterial trunk-terminal filling time were measured by FFA. The mean logMAR BCVA was 2.44±0.46, the mean A-Rct and FT were 27.72±9.78 and 13.58±14.92 s respectively. According to the time window, the patients were divided into the onset 3-72 h group and the onset 73-240 h group, which were 115 patients and 42 patients respectively. There were no statistically significant difference between the 3-72 h group and the 73-240 h group in age, A-Rct and LogMR BCVA before treatment ( χ2=-0.197, -1.242, -8.990; P=0.844, 0.369, 0.369); the difference was statistically significant in FT comparison ( χ2=-3.652, P=0.000). Urokinase artery thrombolytic therapy was performed at different time window of 3-24 h, 25-72 h, 73-96 h, 97-120 h, 121-240 h after the onset of onset. Age and A-Rct of patients with different treatment time windows were compared, and the differences were not statistically significant ( χ2=6.588, 6.679; P=0.253, 0.246).In comparison of FT and logMAR BCVA, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 =30.150, 71.378; P=0.000, 0.000). FFA was rechecked 24 hours after treatment, BCVA was rechecked 30 days after treatment. The changes of A-Rct, FT and BCVA before and after treatment were compared and analyzed. The occurrence of adverse reactions during and after treatment were observed. The two groups of measurement data were compared. The t test was used for those with normal distribution and χ2 test was used for those with non-normal distribution. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between onset time and the difference of A-Rct, FT shortening time and logMAR BCVA after treatment. Results:At 24 h after CRAO treatment, A-Rct and FT of 157 cases were 19.64±6.50 and 6.48±7.36 s respectively, which were significantly shorter than those before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=-16.236, -14.703; P=0.000, 0.000). The logMAR BCVA at 30 d after treatment was 1.72±0.76, which was significantly higher than that before treatment. The difference was statistically significant ( χ2=-14.460, P=0.000). After CRAO urokinase arterial thrombolysis at different time window, there were statistically significant differences in A-Rct shortening time, FT shortening time, and logMAR BCVA difference ( χ2=12.408, 24.200, 104.388; P=0.030, 0.000, 0.000). There was no statistically significant difference between the 3-72 h group and the 73-240 h group ( χ2 =-1.042, P=0.297) in shortening time of A-Rct after treatment. The difference of FT shortening time was statistically significant ( χ2=-3.581, P=0.000). The difference of logMAR BCVA was statistically significant ( χ2=-9.905, P=0.000). The results of Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between the onset time and the shortening time of A-Rct and FT after treatment ( rp=-0.040, -0.081; P=0.436, 0.115), and negative correlation with the logMAR BCVA difference ( rp=-0.486, P=0.000). One case of intracranial hemorrhage occurred after treatment, and it improved after dehydration to reduce cerebral edema, scavenging free radicals and brain protection. Conclusions:Urokinase arterial thrombolytic therapy is effective for CRAO within time window of 3-240 h, A-Rct, FT and LogMRA BCVA are all improved. However, with the prolongation of thrombolytic therapy time window, the therapeutic effect of urokinase arterial thrombolytic therapy is decreased. The therapeutic effect of Urokinase arterial thrombolytic therapy was better within 72 h.

Objective:To investigate the effects of TRIB3 activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway on the growth and pro-liferation of laryngeal carcinoma TU686 cells in vitro and expression of peripheral immunosuppressive molecules in transplanted mice.Methods:Protein and RNA expressions of TRIB3 were detected in vitro cells(human immortalized epidermal cell line HaCat and laryngeal carcinoma cell line TU686)and tissues(laryngeal carcinoma and adjacent tissues),respectively.Laryngeal carcinoma TU686 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into negative control group(NC group)and TRIB3 knockdown group(sh-TRIB3 group),total protein and RNA of cells were extracted to verify the expression level of TRIB3 in two groups.After successful verifica-tion,proliferation ability of TU686 cells was detected by CCK-8,colony cloning and flow cytometry.Protein expression levels of Wnt,Cyclin-D1,C-myc,β-catenin and p-β-catenin in two groups were detected by Western blot.Correlation analysis verified the correla-tion between TRIB3 and Wnt,Cyclin-D1,C-myc,β-catenin,p-β-catenin protein expressions.TRIB3-low expressing nude mouse transplanted tumor model(TRIB3 sgRNA group)was constructed by knockdown the TRIB3 core plasmid,and a parallel control group(Control sgRNA group)was set up,tumor growth volume and weight were observed,and serum immunosuppressive molecules expres-sions was determined by ELISA.Results:Compared with HaCat cells and normal paracarcinoma tissues,TRIB3 was highly expressed in TU686 cells and laryngeal carcinoma tissues.Compared with negative control group,proliferation ability of TU686 cells was signifi-cantly inhibited after TRIB3 knockdown,and cell growth was blocked in G1/S phase.Expressions of Wnt,Cyclin-D1,C-myc andβ-catenin protein in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were decreased significantly,while expression of p-β-catenin was increased significantly.TRIB3 was significantly correlated with protein expression levels of Wnt,Cyclin-D1,β-catenin and p-β-catenin.The in vivo results showed that compared with Control sgRNA group,tumor growth volume and weight of mice in TRIB3 sgRNA group were significantly decreased,and expressions of serum immunosuppressive molecules IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,TGF-β and PGE2 were signifi-cantly decreased.Conclusion:TRIB3 is highly expressed in TU686 cells,and TRIB3 can inhibit growth and proliferation of TU686 cells and transplanted tumors by activating Wnt/β-catenin-related signaling pathways,and reverse tumor immunosuppressive microen-vironment,suggesting that TRIB3 may be an effective target for laryngeal cancer.

Objective To investigate the epidemiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus in Kunming urban area.Methods A multistage cluster randomized sampling method was used to collect 400 randomly selected patients (community managed hypertension and diabetes mellitus) in community service centers in the 4 main urban districts of Kunming,Yunnan province.The subjects were screened for CKD by questionnaires,physical examinations,and microalbuminuria tests.Results A total of 343 people were surveyed.The prevalence of albuminuria,proteinuria by routine urinalysis,decreased glomerular filtration rate,and CKD prevalence were respectively 37.3％,12.2％,5.0％ and 39.1％.A total of 134 patients with CKD (134/343) were screened.Logistic regression analysis showed male (OR=2.312,95％CI 1.325-4.037,P=0.003),hyperuricemia (OR=1.751,95％ CI 1.109-2.765,P=0.016) and obesity (OR=2.150,95％ CI 1.115-4.146,P=0.022) were related to CKD.Conclusions The prevalences of CKD and albuminuria are 39.1％ and 37.3％ in patients with chronic diseases (hypertension and diabetes) in the main urban community of Kunming,Yunnan.Hyperuricemia,male and obesity are independent risk factors for CKD.

Gut bacterial nitroreductases play an important role in reduction of various nitroaromatic compounds to the corresponding N-nitroso compounds, hydroxylamines or aromatic amines, most of which are carcinogenic and mutagenic agents. Inhibition of gut nitroreductases has been recognized as an attractive approach for reducing mutagen metabolites in the colon, so as to prevent colon diseases. In this study, the inhibitory effects of 55 herbal medicines against Escherichia coli(E. coli) nitroreductase (EcNfsA) were examined. Compared with other herbal extracts, Syzygium aromaticum extract showed superior inhibitory potency toward EcNfsA mediated nitrofurazone reduction. Then, the inhibitory effects of 22 major constituents in Syzygium aromaticum against EcNfsA were evaluted. Compared with other tested natural compounds, ellagic acid, corilagin, betulinic acid, oleanic acid, ursolic acid, urolithin M5 and isorhamnetin were found with strong to moderate inhibitory effect against EcNfsA, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.67 to 28.98 mol·L^-1. Furthermore, the inhibition kinetic analysis and docking simulation demonstrated that ellagic acid and betulinic acid potently inhibited EcNfsA (K_i < 2 μmol·L ^-1) in a competitively inhibitory manner, which created strong interactions with the catalytic triad of EcNfsA. In summary, our findings provide new scientific basis for explaining the anti-mutagenic activity of Syzygium aromaticum, where some newly identified EcNfsA inhibitors can be used for developing novel agents to reduce the toxicity induced by bacterial nitroreductase.
Ellagic Acid/pharmacology* ; Escherichia coli ; Kinetics ; Nitroreductases/pharmacology* ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology* ; Syzygium