Objective: To standardize the bill management, protect the economic order of public institutions. Methods: According to the current status of bill management in public health institutions, the corrective measurements comparing to national stipulation were proposed. Results: It is an important measure to manage the economic environment. Conclusion: It needs to follow the National Law of Negotiable Instrument, so as to ensure the right of party. Implement the law of bill to ensunre the right of party.

Objective To investigate the cause and management of urethral dehiscence after hypospadias repair. Methods 23 cases of urethral dehiscence after hypospadias repair were reviewed.According to the location of meatus and the status of available skin, urethroplasty was performed by preputial island flap, scrotal island flap or bladder mucosa translocation. Results 23 cases were followed up from 1 to 9 years.15 cases were cured.3 developed urethral fistulae after the secondary repair, which were subsecondary closed up successfully by Thiersch procedure,4 had stricture at the anastomosis site or at the meatal stenosis , which were cured by a silastlic tube stent ( 1.5～5.0 months ). 1 had a mild penile curvature yet erection was satisfactory. Conclusions Preputial or scrotal island flap translocation should be the primary choice of secondary urethral reconstruction, whereas bladder mucosa graft is used in case of local skin deficiency.A secondary surgery should be performed by experceinced uro pediatric surgeons.

Objective KG1This study is to evaluate defectography in postoperative defecation function of Hirschsprung′s disease (HD). KG2MethodsKG1 Between 1979 and 1993, 30 HD cases were treated operatively and followed-up by defectography. KG2ResultsKG1 Thirty cases were classified into 3 groups, according to the standard quantitative clinical scoring systems with the stooling score from 0 to 14. There were 4 cases (13%) graded as excellent (maximum score of 14) with normal bowel habit, 21 cases (70%) as good (score between 10～13) with minor continence problems, 5 cases (16 7%) as fair (score between 5～9) with marked limitations in social life. Anorectal manometry study showed that the anal resting pressure and voluntary sphincter force (maximal queeze pressure minus resting pressure) in fair group were significantly lower than that in control group( P