Objective To analyze the diagnostic value of 4 serum autoantibodies in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients (anti-Rho-GDI-2, -HSP70, -CK19 and -LAP3 antibodies) using a serological proteomic approach. Methods The conditions for blocking, antigen concentrations and serum dilution were optimized to establish the ELISA method for detection of serum autoantibodies for Rho-GDI-2, HSP70, CK19 and LAP3. The serum concentrations of these autoantibodies were detected by the established method in 36 NPC patients, 20 other cancer patients and 20 healthy individuals. The statistical analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of the 4 serum autoantibodies. Results The concentrations of 4 serum autoantibodies in the NPC patients were significantly higher than those in the healthy individuals(A450 values in NPC group of CK19, Rho-GDI-2, HSP70, LAP3 were 0. 188 8 ±0.047 3, 0.240 5 ± 0.024 7, 0. 116 8 ±0.025 3, 0.276 9 ±0.044 2 repectively. A450 values in healthy control group were 0.010 5 ±0.004 4, 0. 105 3 ±0. 016 9, 0. 098 6 ± 0. 014 0, 0. 149 8 ± 0. 033 1 respectively. F values were 4. 869, 15. 919, 10. 331,6. 369, respectively. P values were 0. 010, 0. 000, 0. 000, 0. 003, respectively). The sensitivities of antiRho-GDI-2, anti-HSP70, anti -CK19 and anti -LAP3 autoantibodies for diagnosis of NPC was 85.0%,75.0%, 75.0% and 75.0%, respectively, and the specificities were 58.9%, 80. 4%, 58. 9% and 57. 1%, respectively, anti-Rho-GDI-2 and anti-HSP70 achived the highest sensitivity and specificity respectively when single marker was analyzed. The sensitivity and specificity were 94. 4% and 95. 0%respectively when 4 markers was combined for analysis. Conclusion Detection of serum anti-Rbo-GDI-2,anti-HSP70, anti-CK19 and anti-IAP3 auotantibedios by ELISA may be of help in the screening and diagnosis for NPC.

A large number of viruses have been found to be associated with ocular diseases, including human adenovirus, human herpesvirus (HHV), human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1), and newly emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This group of diseases is prone to be misdiagnosed or missed diagnosis, resulting in serious tissue and visual damage. Etiological diagnosis is a powerful auxiliary mean to diagnose the ocular diseases associated with human adenovirus, herpes simplex virus 1 and varicella-zoster virus, and it provides the leading diagnosis evidence of infections with herpes simplex virus 2, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, HHV-6/7, HHV-8, HTLV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. Virus isolation, immunoassay and genetic diagnosis are usually used for etiologic diagnosis. For genetic diagnosis, the PCR technique is the most important approach because of its advantages of rapid detection, convenient operation, high sensitivity and high specificity.
COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/virology* ; DNA, Viral/genetics* ; Eye Diseases/virology* ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology* ; Research/trends* ; Virus Diseases/virology*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of impression cytology in diagnosing of ocular surface diseases. METHODS: Impression cytology was performed on 18 eyes with Sjgren's syndrome (dacryosialo-adenopathia atrophicans), 23 eyes with non-Sjgren's syndrome, 15 eyes after thermal or chemical burn at the scarred stage and 20 normal eyes. Conjunctival goblet cell density, conjunctival epithelial squamous metaplasia and corneal cytological features were evaluated respectively. RESULTS: In impression cytology, eyes of Sjgren's syndrome demonstrated a significantly higher grade of squamous metaplasia and lower goblet cell density (P<0.05) as compared with normal eyes and with eyes of non-Sj gren's syndrome in the bulbar conjunctiva, whereas no statistically significant difference of squamous metaplasia grade or goblet cell density was found in the palpebral conjunctiva (P>0.05) in these two groups. In thermal or chemical burned eyes at the scarred stage, the inferior, nasal and temporal bulbar conjunctiva showed higher conjunctival goblet cell density than in the normal eyes (P<0.01). Before surgery of ocular surface reconstruction, conjunctival goblet cells were detected on the corneal area in the 8 thermal or chemical burned eyes. However, the goblet cells in the corneal area of 7 burned eyes were completely resolved after successful ocular surface reconstruction. CONCLUSION The demonstrations of impression cytology in Sjgren's syndrome, thermal or chemical burn are distinctive. Impression cytology is a noninvasive,quick,easy and inexpensive technique, being a useful tool for diagnosis of ocular surface diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on different sleep stages, and the relationship between N3 stage of non-rapid eye movement sleep and respiratory abnormal events. METHODS: A total of 188 adult patients who underwent overnight polysomnography(PSG)monitoring in Sir Run Run shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University from June 24th to December 26th 2019 were enrolled in the study. OSA patients were classified into 3 groups (mild, moderate and severe) according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). PSG data, AHI and the lowest SPO in each stage of sleep were compared among three groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in total sleep time and sleep efficiency among patients with different severity of OSA (all >0.05). The proportion of N3 stage in moderate and severe OSA groups were significantly smaller than that in mild OSA group (all <0.05). The proportion of N3 stage in severe OSA group was also smaller than that in moderate OSA group (<0.05). In addition, severe OSA group had a longer latency of N3 stage than mild and moderate OSA groups (all <0.05). The latency of N3 stage in moderate OSA group was longer than that in mild OSA group (<0.05). The AHI in N3 stage was markedly lower than that in other sleep stages (all <0.01), regardless of the severity of OSA. Supine AHI in N3 stage in mild and moderate groups was significantly lower than that in N1, N2 and rapid eye movement (REM) stages (all <0.01). Supine AHI in N3 stage in severe group was also lower than that in N2 and REM stages (<0.05 or <0.01). The lowest SPO in N3 stage was significantly higher than that in N1, N2 and REM stages (<0.05 or <0.01), regardless of the severity of OSA. CONCLUSIONS s The proportion of N3 stage is lower in OSA patients, and N3 stage has less sleep respiratory events than non-N3 stages. The results suggest that the increased N3 stage proportion may indicate less severity of OSA.

Objective: To investigate the evaluating ability of real-time three-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound (RT-3D-CEUS) for morphology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) before radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment. Methods: Sixty patients with 88 targeted lesions were enroll in this study, who have received RFA in Hangzhou Xiasha Hospital. The pretreatment imaging data of CEUS and RT-3D-CEUS were retrospective analysis. Morphological features were assessed according to the size and shape of the lesions, and were compared between two modalities with the post-treatment response as the reference standard. Results: The size of lesion measured by CEUS and RT-3D-CEUS was similar in 70 out of 88 lesions (group A). In the other 18 lesions, the size measured by RT-3D-CEUS was larger than that by CEUS (group B). For the shape analysis, 38 lesions were spheroid by CEUS and 34 lesions by RT-3D-CEUS; 47 lesions were oval by CEUS and 41 lesions by RT-3D-CEUS; 3 lesions were irregular by CEUS and 13 lesions by RT-3D-CEUS. There were 78 lesions which shape assessed by two modalities consistently (group A′), and the other 10 lesions with inconsistent shape by two modalities (group B′). Three months follow-up results showed that 4 lesions appeared tumor residue (5.7%) in group A′ and 6 lesions (33.3%) in group B′. There was significant difference between these two groups (P=0.004). In the group A′, there were 6 lesions (7.7%) showed tumor residue, and 4 lesions (40.0%) in group B′. The difference between these two groups was also significant (P=0.012). Conclusion RT-3D-CEUS could be used to assess the size and shape of HCC accurately which is associated with the response of RFA.

Objective To investigate the relationship of c-myc protein expression in skin hemangioma of infant with different stage,cell proliferative activity and apoptos is.Methods Proliferating cell nudear antigen(PCNA) and c-myc were detected by immunohistoc hemical staining,and apoptosis was detected using in situ cell death detection( TUNEL method) in 58 skin hemangioma specimens of infant.Results Among the 58 hemangiomas,the positive rate of c-myc protein was significantly higher in involuting hemangiomas than that in proliferative hemangiomas(P

To assess the application of Keratograph 5M in evaluating tear film and meibomian gland function in patients with dry eye.A total of 144 eyes were recruited in the study, in which 72 eyes were from patients diagnosed with dry eye and 72 eyes were from healthy subjects. All subjects finished following tests or examinations:ocular surface disease index (OSDI) to evaluate eye symptoms; Keratograph 5M examination to obtain tear meniscus height (TMH), noninvasive tear break-up time (NIBUT) including first NIBUT (NIBUT-Fir) and average NIBUT (NIBUT-Ave), and infrared meibography; and fluorescein sodium staining to obtain fluorescein tearbreak-up time (FBUT).Dry eye group had higher OSDI score than healthy control group, but its TMH, NIBUT-Fir and NIBUT-Ave were lower than those in healthy control group (all<0.01). Total meiboscore in dry eye group was higher than that in healthy control group (<0.01), and it showed a significant correlation with NIBUT-Fir and NIBUT-Ave (=-0.449 and -0.398,<0.01), but no correlation with ages was observed (=0.031,>0.05). The NIBUT-Fir and NIBUT-Ave showed a significant correlation with FBUT (=0.833 and 0.727,<0.01).Keratograph 5M is a convenient, accurate and non-invasive method to assess the function of tear film and meibomian gland, and the new meibography scoring system can evaluate the function of meibomian gland objectively and succinctly.
Corneal Topography ; instrumentation ; Diagnostic Equipment ; Dry Eye Syndromes ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meibomian Glands ; diagnostic imaging ; Tears ; diagnostic imaging

OBJECTIVE: To assess the lower tear meniscus height (LTMH), central tear film thickness (CTFT), and central corneal epithelial thickness (CCET) after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK). METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of 20 patients who had DALK in one eye over a three-month period. LTMH, CTFT, and CCET of the operated eyes and the unoperated fellow eyes were measured using high-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT). Correlations between three OCT assessments and age, time following surgery, graft size, bed size, and the number of residual sutures were analyzed. RESULTS: Compared to patients with keratoconus, patients with other corneal conditions had significantly higher CCET in the fellow eye (P=0.024). For all patients, CCET in the operated eye was significantly negatively correlated with the number of residual sutures (R=-0.579, P=0.008), and was significantly positively correlated with time following surgery (R=0.636, P=0.003). In the fellow eye, a significant positive correlation was found between age and CCET (R=0.551, P=0.012), and a significant negative correlation between age and CTFT (R=-0.491, P=0.028). LTMH was found to be significantly correlated between operated and fellow eyes (R=0.554, P=0.011). There was no significant correlation between LTMH and age, bed/graft size, time following surgery, or residual sutures (all possible correlations, P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with keratoconus tend to have a thinner central corneal epithelium. Corneal epithelium keeps regenerating over time after DALK. DALK did not induce a significant change in tear volume compared with the fellow eye. Postoperative tear function might depend on an individual's general condition, rather than on age, gender, bed/graft size, time following surgery, or residual sutures.
Adult ; Corneal Transplantation ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Epithelium, Corneal/pathology* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tears ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of corneal thickness distribution and apex position on postoperative refractive status after full-bed deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (FBDALK). METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of patients who were diagnosed with advanced keratoconus between 2011 and 2014 in our hospital. The base of the cone in all patients did not exceed the central cornea at a 6-mm range. The FBDALK was performed by a same surgeon. All patients had a complete corneal suture removal and the follow-up records were intact. Patients who had graft-bed misalignment or who were complicated with a cataract or glaucoma were excluded. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), and Pentacam examination data were recorded at two years postoperatively. The recorded data included the superior-inferior (S-I) and nasal-temporal (N-T) corneal thickness differences in 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm diameter concentric circles with the corneal apex as the center (S-I_{2 mm}, S-I_{4 mm}, S-I_{6 mm}, S-I_{8 mm}, N-T_{2 mm}, N-T_{4 mm}, N-T_{6 mm}, and N-T_{8 mm}), the linear, X-axis, and Y-axis distance between the corneal pupillary center and the cornea apex, total corneal astigmatism at a zone of 3 mm diameter from the corneal apex (TA_{3 mm}), the astigmatic vector values J₀ and J₄₅, and the corneal total higher-order aberration for 3 and 6 mm pupil diameters (HOA_{3 mm} and HOA_{6 mm}). Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 15.0. RESULTS: A total of 47 eyes of 46 patients met the criteria and were included in this study. The mean follow-up time was (28±7) months. The mean UCVA was 0.45±0.23 (logMAR) (MAR: minimum angle of resolution) and the mean BSCVA was 0.19±0.15 (logMAR), which were all significantly positively correlated with postoperative TA_{3 mm} and HOA_{3 mm}. The mean S-I corneal thickness differences were (44.62±37.74) μm, and the mean N-T was (38.57±32.29) μm. S-I_{2 mm} was significantly positively correlated with J₀ (r=0.31), J₄₅ (r=0.42), HOA_{3 mm} (r=0.37), and HOA_{6 mm} (r=0.48). S-I_{4 mm} and S-I_{8 mm} were significantly positively correlated with HOA_{3 mm} (r=0.30, r=0.40) and HOA_{6 mm} (r=0.46, r=0.35). The X-axis distance between corneal pupillary center and corneal apex was significantly positively correlated with J₄₅ (r=0.29). CONCLUSIONS In patients with advanced keratoconus after FBDALK, the unevenly distributed thickness at corneal pupillary area and the misalignment of corneal apex and pupillary center might cause significant regular and irregular astigmatism, which affected the postoperative visual quality.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Cornea/surgery* ; Corneal Transplantation/methods* ; Cryopreservation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratoconus/diagnosis* ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating/methods* ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity ; Young Adult

Primary and secondary corneal endothelial decompensation leads to stromal edema, corneal opacity and loss of visual acuity. The pathogenesis of corneal endothelial decompensation is that adult corneal endothelium in vivo lacks of a robust proliferative response to injury, does not divide sufficiently to replace the lost cells. Previous studies indicate that cell-cell contact inhibition and transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-β2) in aqueous humor may be responsible for maintaining human endothelial cells in a non-replicative state in vivo. The results of the experimental investigation by using immunofluorescent staining of the cell cycle-associated proteins and cell proliferation marker Ki67 in corneal endothelium indicate that human corneal endothelial cells in vivo are arrested in the G1-phase and have not exited from the cell cycle. Successful outgrowth in culture of human corneal endothelial cells in vitro and the establishment of the immortalized human endothelial cell line, provide strong evidence that corneal endothelial cells retain proliferative capacity. Experiments with cell culture ex vivo demonstrate that corneal endothelial cells cultured from young donors grow more robustly than those from older donors, and cells cultured from peripheral area of corneas show greater cell density than central regions. Studies have demonstrated that in vitro human corneal endothelia undergo mitotic changes in response to stimulation of growth promoting agents, such as growth factors, EDTA and extracellular matrix. Identification of corneal endothelial stem cells and isolation and culture of human endothelial precursor cells in vitro will be beneficial for further investigation regarding the mechanism of corneal endothelial regeneration as well as corneal endothelial cells in vitro culture.
Aqueous Humor ; metabolism ; Cell Count ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Contact Inhibition ; Endothelium, Corneal ; cytology ; Humans ; Stem Cells ; Transforming Growth Factor beta2 ; metabolism