Particle size and surface properties are crucial for lymphatic drainage (LN), dendritic cell (DC) uptake, DC maturation, and antigen cross-presentation induced by nanovaccine injection, which lead to an effective cell-mediated immune response. However, the manner in which the particle size and surface properties of vaccine carriers such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) affect this immune response is unknown. We prepared 50, 100, and 200 nm of MSNs that adsorbed ovalbumin antigen (OVA) while modifying β-glucan to enhance immunogenicity. The results revealed that these MSNs with different particle sizes were just as efficient in vitro, and MSNs with β-glucan modification demonstrated higher efficacy. However, the in vivo results indicated that MSNs with smaller particle sizes have stronger lymphatic targeting efficiency and a greater ability to promote the maturation of DCs. The results also indicate that β-glucan-modified MSN, with a particle size of ∼100 nm, has a great potential as a vaccine delivery vehicle and immune adjuvant and offers a novel approach for the delivery of multiple therapeutic agents that target other lymph-mediated diseases.

Objective To investigate the imaging features of necrotizing pneumonia(NP)caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae in children and to review the changes of serum CGreactive protein (CRP)and plasma DGdimer,which may provide an objective and effective help for clinicians.Methods 54 children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP)infection in our hospital were studied retrospectively,including 24 cases of NP and 30 cases of nonGNP (the control group).The dynamic changes of chest imaging,serum CRP and plasma DGdimer were compared between two groups.Results Chest imaging in NP group:All cases showed consolidation and necrosis,accompanied by pulmonary cavities,pleural effusion,bronchiectasia,and thickening of the bronchial wall.Decreased enhancement areas could be found in all 24 cases by enhanced CT.The review after treatment showed that the pulmonary consolidation was absorbted or narrowed,accompanied by cavities in lung,atelectasis,and pleura thickening.The imaging of non NP group showed mainly patches and spots shadow in lung, and only a little consolidation.After treatment,the lung lesions were basically absorbed.Only a few cases had fibrotic streaks and pleural thickening.The peak values of serum CRP in group NP and non NP group were respectively 91(33－266)mg/L,37(18－189) mg/L,and the duration of the abnormity were 1 9(1 1－3 8)d and 8(4－1 9)d.The peak values of plasma DGdimer in the 2 groups were respectively 2 3 78(1 9 84－5 908)ng/mL,1 7 6(1 2－41 9)ng/mL,and the duration of the abnormity were 24(13－64)d and 3(0－10)d. There were significant differences between the 2 groups with all parameters above.Conclusion The imaging characteristics of NP caused by MP in children include consolidation,necrosis (decreased enhancement areas in consolidation),pneumothorax ,cavities ,cystic degenerations, atelectasis,bronchial wall thickening,pleural effusion and pleura thickening.The course of NP was long,and the absorption was slow. The peaks value of serum CRP and plasma DGdimer in NP group were significantly higher than those in the non NP group,and the duration was longer than that in non NP group.Therefore,the clinicians should pay more attention to CR,DGdimer and chest imaging,which may help clinicians with the diagnosis and treatment.

123 cases were treated by Chinese herbs, with 17 cases treated by western drugs as control for comparison. Results showed that the average days of abatement of fever and the duration of disappearance of vesicular rale in the treating group were superior to the control group (P