Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture at specific points in treating different degrees of urgency-frequency syndrome. Methods Sixty patients with urgency-frequency syndrome were randomly allocated, according to the symptom score, to groups A (the symptom score≤ 24) and B (the symptom score>24), 30 cases each. Both groups received electroacupuncture at specific points (four sacral points and four abdominal points). In the two groups, the symptoms were scored before and after treatment and the clinical therapeutic effects were evaluated.Results There was a statistically significant pre-/post-treatment difference in the symptom score in the two groups (P<0.01). The total efficacy rate was 83.3% in group A and 80.0% in group B; there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture at specific points is an effective way to treat urgency-frequency syndrome.

Objective To study the relationship between small Y and azoospermia factor (AZF)microdeletions and the effect on male infertility.Methods Data of 379 infertile males of chromosomal karyotype analysis from May 2010 to October 2011 were investigated.Patients with small Y chromosome were also performed C banding and AZF microdeletions,and their fathers and brothers were offered the same examinations.Results Eight patients were small Y chromosome,and their fathers or brothers' chromosome karyotypes were consistent with the probands.Among the 8 cases,there were 3 patients with AZF microdeletions,while their fathers and brothers didn't have microdeletions.Another 5 cases of small Y and their fathers did not exist AZF microdeletions.Conclusions The small Y karyotype is not the key factors that cause male infertility.The reason for infertile patients with small Y and AZF microdeletions was maybe the microdeletions.However,patients with small Y but without AZF microdeletions are not important to male infertility.

Objective To study the changes of activities of phase Ⅰ and Ⅱ drug-metabolic enzymes in the spleen of rats with spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome.Methods The rat model of spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome was established by gastric gavage of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei decoction combined with injection of hydrocortisone for 17 continuous days.And then we detected the activities of 6 kinds of phase Ⅰ drug-metabolic enzymes of CYP2C19,CYP2D6,CYP2C9,CYP1A2,CYP2C8,CYP3A4,and 4 kinds of phase Ⅱ drugmetabolic enzymes of phenol sulfotransferase (PST),uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase 1 (UGT1),glutathione transferase (GST),estrogen sulfotransferase (SULT1E1) in the spleen.Results Compared with the normal control group,the activities of PST,UGT1,GST and SULT1E1 in the model group were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01),and the activity of CYP1A2 was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01),while CYP2C19,CYP2D6,CYP2C8,CYP3A4,CYP2C9 enzymes showed no obvious changes(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The activities of splenic drug-metabolic enzymes,in particular the phase Ⅱ enzymes,are significantly varied under the state of spleen-kidney yang deficiency.

The migration of two potential contaminants, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, from two paper materials into food simulant Tenax was studied. A rapid and simple one-step extraction-derivatization method combined with ultra high performance liquid chromatography was established for the determination of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in paper packaging materials and food stimulants. The linear correlation coefficients (R2) were greater than 0. 9999 in the range of 0. 14-35. 7 mg/m2 for both formaldehyde and 0. 20-49. 1 mg/m2 for acetaldehyde, with detection limits of 0. 03 mg/m2 for formaldehyde and 0. 04 mg/m2 for acetaldehyde. The recoveries were 90. 1%-108. 6% for paper sample and Tenax. The migration behaviors of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde at different temperatures and migration times were investigated. Both for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, the amount of migration gradually increased with time first, then decreased, finally reached a steady value. The migration rates of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were differently influenced by temperature. After reaching a steady value, the maximum migration rate for formaldehyde was at 30℃, and for acetaldehyde was at 70℃ and 50℃. The migration rates of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde greatly varied, and the migration rate of acetaldehyde was far more than the migration rate of formaldehyde when reaching a steady value.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced cervical cancer.Methods From January 2010 to January 2011,sixty patients with cervical cancer in Taizhou Cancer Hospital were randomly divided into two groups ,with 30 cases in each group.The control group was given radiotherapy alone ,the observation group was given concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy .The adverse reaction,curative effect,long -term effect of 5 -year follow -up were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 93.33%,which was significantly higher than 73.33%of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (χ2＝14.397,P＜0.05).The 5-year survival rate of the observation group was 76.67%,which was significantly higher than 53.33% of the control group,the difference was statistically significant ( χ2＝11.922,P ＜0.05).The local recurrence rate and distant metastasis rate of the observation group were 16.67%,13.33%,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of the control group , the differences were statistically significant (χ2＝7.401,5.115,all P＜0.05).The incidence rate of adverse reaction of the control group was 13.33%,which of in the observation group was 23.33%,the difference was not statistically significant(χ2＝3.340,P ＞0.05).Conclusion The efficacy of concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy for patients with advanced cervical cancer is better ,and the survival rate of patients with advanced cervical cancer is better.

BACKGROUND:Biomimetic design of bioactive materials to restore,maintain or improve the function of tissue based on the understanding of anatomy on the function and structure of biological tissue is a research hotspot in the field of regenerative medicine at present. OBJECTIVE:To discuss the effect of mechanical properties,three-dimensional spatial structure,and biochemical activity of biomedical scaffolds on cell behavior and review the application of biomedical scaffolds in the field of tissue engineering. METHODS:The articles published in CNKI,Wanfang,Web of Science,and PubMed databases from January 2003 to April 2023 were searched by computer.The Chinese search terms were"extracellular matrix,tissue engineering,scaffolds,biomaterials,biomimetic structures,mechanical properties,three-dimensional structures,tendon-bone interface,osteochondral,neural conduits,artificial blood vessels".English search terms were"extracellular matrix,tissue engineering,scaffolds,biomimetic structures,biomaterials,tendon bone interfaces,osteochondral,neural conduits,artificial blood vessels". RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Cells are in a complex and dynamic three-dimensional environment,so the extracellular matrix is the ultimate target of biomaterial simulation.The bionic structure of biomedical scaffolders needs to be similar to the real microenvironment,so that cells can stick to the wall,grow and migrate normally,and maintain their diverse physiological functions.Biomimetic design of extracellular matrix in terms of mechanical properties,three-dimensional spatial structure,and biochemical properties of biomedical scaffolds can play a decisive role in tissue repair,thus affecting the final result of tissue repair.Biomimetic biomedical scaffolds have been widely used in tendon-bone interface,bone cartilage interface,nerve,vascular regeneration,and other fields,providing a promising new idea in clinical practice.

Objective:To observe any effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the cognition of stroke survivors and the integrity of their white matter fibers.Methods:Thirty persons with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) were randomly divided into an experimental group ( n=15) and a control group ( n=15). In addition to basic drug therapy and routine cognition training, the experimental group received 20 minutes of tDCS daily, 5 days per week for 3 weeks, while the control group received sham tDCS stimulation. Before and after the treatment, both groups′ cognitive functioning was evaluated using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and the Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA). Their ability in the activities of daily living (ADL) was quantified using the modified Barthel index (MBI). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was employed to observe any changes in the integrity of their white matter fibers. Results:The average MMSE, MOCA and MBI scores of both groups had improved significantly after the treatment, but the improvement in the experimental group was significantly greater than among the controls. The average fractional anisotroposy value of the affected inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus in both groups was positively correlated with the group′s average MMSE score and MoCA score.Conclusion:tDCS can effectively improve the cognition and functioning in the activities of daily living of stroke survivors. Its mechanism may be related to improving the integrity of the white matter fibers involved.

BACKGROUND:Stable intertrochanteric fractures can be treated by closed reduction and internal fixation,but there is no absolute advantage for unstable intertrochanteric fractures with osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy of arthroplasty in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly with osteoporosis by comparing the indexes related to closed reduction internal fixation and arthroplasty. METHODS:Clinical data of 102 elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures of the femur treated in Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2017 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical method.In the Gamma3 group,62 cases received Gamma3 internal fixation system.In the joint replacement group,40 cases received an artificial femoral head replacement or total hip replacement.Surgical information,hospitalization,hip function,and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)There were statistical differences between the Gamma3 group and the joint replacement group in weight-bearing time(P＜0.001),hospital stay(P＜0.05),intraoperative bleeding(P＜0.001),and length of surgery(P＜0.001).The mean weight-bearing time and hospital stay were shorter in the joint replacement group than in the Gamma3 group.Intraoperative bleeding and duration of surgery were better in the Gamma3 group than in the joint replacement group.(2)There was no significant difference in Harris hip score,subitem centesimal hip score,and postoperative complications 12 months after surgery in both groups(P=0.526,0.788,0.228).(3)It is indicated that arthroplasty has achieved better outcomes in the treatment of elderly unstable intertrochanteric fractures combined with osteoporosis,enabling early weight bearing and functional exercise.Careful selection of the appropriate patient and prosthesis type for arthroplasty will result in greater patient benefit.

Objective:To evaluate the biosafety of medical injectable carboxymethyl glycosaminoglycan gel.Methods:Ames test, chromosome aberration test in vitro and gene mutation test in vitro were used to detect the genotoxicity of the medical carboxymethyl glycosaminoglycan gel. The gel saline extract (50 ml/kg) was injected slowly through the marginal vein of the ear into Japanese big-eared rabbits. The body temperature was measured and the temperature rise was calculated. The gel saline extract (50 ml/kg) and normal saline (control) were injected intraperitoneally and intravenously into the Kunming mice, respectively. The toxicity response in mice was observed after injection, and bodyweight change was valued. The gel saline extract, normal saline and distilled water were added into the rabbit anti-clotting, to detect the rate of hemolysis.Results:Under active and inactive conditions, the number of spontaneous revertants of the 4 strains of gel saline extract group and gel DMSO extract group did not reach 2 times of that of the corresponding negative control group. The rate of chromosome aberration of the three dose groups were 0. There was no significant increase in the large colony mutation frequency, small colony mutation frequency and total mutation frequency in three dose groups (all P>0.05). After injection of gel saline extract for 24, 48 and 72 h, no toxic reaction was found in each group of mice. With the extension of time after injection, the body weight of mice in the sample group and the control group increased, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). After injection of gel saline extract, the temperature rise of 3 Japanese big-eared rabbits were 0.0, 0.3 and 0.2 ℃ respectively. The results of hemolysis test showed that the hemolysis rate of the polycarboxymethyl glucosamine gel was 0.1%. Conclusions:No genetic toxicity changes were found in carboxymethyl glycosaminoglycan to induce gene mutation or chromosome damage in bacteria and cells, and no pyrogenicity, acute systemic toxicity and hemolysis were observed. These results indicate that thecarboxymethyl glycosaminoglycan gel has good biosafety.

Objective:Based on Web of Science database, this study aimed to explore the current status, research hotspots and development trends of countries regarding clinical management of osteoporotic fractures using bibliometrics and visualized analysis.Methods:We collected literatures in the field of clinical management of osteoporotic fractures included in Web of Science database, and applied bibliometrics to analyze the publication dates, countries, institutions, journals, authors, highly cited literatures and research hotspots. Visualization was drawn by VOSviewer software.Results:Analysis of the 2 508 articles revealed 3 types of data. (1) The analysis of basic information of the literature showed that: ①The country with the largest number of publications was the United States, which published 672 articles, followed by the United Kingdom and Canada, and China ranked fourth; ②The top three authors in the number of publications were Kanis JA, Cooper C and McCloskey EV respectively; ③The institution with the highest number of publications was the University of Sheffield, UK, followed by the University of Southampton, UK and the University of Toronto, Canada. (2) Network visualization of highly cited literatures showed that 118 highly cited literatures were mainly divided into 5 clusters, which were related to osteoporotic fracture diagnosis, treatment, medication adherence, management consensus and strategies of preventing refracture. (3) Temporal overlay visualization of research hotspots showed that early research mainly focused on traditional therapeutic drugs, and current research hotspots were mainly molecular targeted drugs, trabecular bone score and fracture liaison services.Conclusion:This study shows that the research activity of clinical management of osteoporotic fractures is increasing worldwide, and there is still a huge gap between China and Europe or the United States. Current research hotspots and development trends mainly focus on molecular targeted drugs, osteoporotic fracture treatment concepts, emerging fracture risk assessment tools, and fracture prevention and management models.