Objective Dysfunction of cell cycle regulation is one of the key factors for cellular carcinogenesis .This paper aimed to study the expression and significance of cell cycle regulation protein Cyclin D 1-CDK4-p21 in scar cancer . Methods The expressions of Cyclin D1, CDK4 and p21 protains were detected in scar cancer group , pathological scar group and normal skin group respectively by using immunohistochemical staining (SP).The mRNA expression levels of Cyclin D1, CDK4 and p21 were detected by the use of nucleic acid-mediated in-situ hybridization .Correlation analysis was made on the indexes , and the average optical density and positive area were analyzed using image analysis . Results The expressions of Cyclin D1, CDK4 and p21 protains and the mRNA ex-pression levels of cyclin D1, CDK4 and p21 were high in scar cancer group, low in pathological scar group , and negative in normal skin group.The mean optical density and positive area in scar cancer group were significantly different from pathological scar group and normal skin group (P<0.01).But no significant difference was found be-tween pathological scar group and normal skin group (P>0.05).In terms of correlation analysis , the expressions of Cyclin D 1 and CDK4 as well as p21 and CDK4 in scar cancer tissue were both in posi-tive correlations. Conclusion The occurrence of scar cancer is related to the abnormal expression of Cyclin D 1 and CDK4.The complex formed by Cyclin D1 and CDK4 may promote the G1/S transition, proliferation and tumorigenesis of scar cancer .In scar canc-er, the inhibition of Cyclin D1-CDK4 complex might be caused by other members of CKI family or even inbibitors of other families apart from CDK family.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the current situation and developing trend of drugs used in hospitals of Guangdong Province .METHODS: The data of drugs purchased by 40 hospitals in Guangdong in the years 1999- 2001 was collected and analysed.RESULTS: The drug expenses increased year by year in years 1999- 2001.CONCLUSION: The sum of money of drugs consumed will increase year by year,however,the growth rate may decrease.The proportion of consumption of imported drugs will continuously decrease.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of multi-b-value diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) of the normal cervical, cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN Ⅲ),and to assess the value of DWI in diagnosis and pathological staging for cervical cancer.Methods There were 54 patients with pathologically confirmed cervical cancer,including 36 squamous cell carcinoma,15 adenomatous carcinoma, and 3 neuroendocrine carcinoma.And other 9 patients with CIN Ⅲ were involved in the study.All patients underwent conventional MR scan with multi-b-value DWI sequence.The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of multi-b-value DWI were compared between normal cervical tissue and cervical cancer with its different pathology subtypes.Results The three normal structure of uterine cervix, including cervical endometrial, junctional zone and myometrium, can be clearly distinguished by different b-value DWI, with a statistical difference of ADC value (P<0.05).Further analysis showed that the average ADC values between normal cervix and cervical cancer had a statistical difference (P<0.05).The similar situation was presented among squamous cell carcinoma, adenomatous carcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma and CIN Ⅲ(P<0.05).Conclusion The ADC values of multi-b-value DWI could be helpful to diagnose cervical cancer and CIN Ⅲ,and it is correlated with the pathological type of cervical cancer.The application of multi-b-value DWI to cervical cancer and CIN Ⅲ could increase the accuracy of diagnosis.

Objective To understand affective characteristic of Chinese words. Method 1300 adjectives and nouns of Chinese words were rated in five point scale by 65 participants in three dimensions: emotional valence,arousal and familiarity. Results Neither age effect nor gender effect were found for the word scores in each scale of each dimension. The correlation coefficients between each two dimensions were significant (P＜0.01):0. 787 for valence-arousal, 0. 550 for valence-familiarity and 0. 600 for arousal-familiarity.Conclusion The affective vocabulary system of Chinese words can be used as a tool in future emotional research.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS ) in thyroid microcarcinom (TMC). Methods With surgical pathologic examination results as the gold standard, 114 thyroid lumps were divided in-to observation group (including 51 pieces of TMC lump)and control group (including 63 pieces of benign lump). The sign of CDUS were analyzed retrospectively in the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the CDUS characteristic parameters which associated with TMC and established TMC diagnosis prediction model. Results The percentage of anteroposterior and transverse diameter ratio(A/T)>1, unclear edge, hypoechoic nodules, absent halo sign, micro calcifications, resistance index(RI)>0.70 of the observation group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.01). Blood flow signal distribution in the 2 groups were different significantly (P<0.01). Multi-factor stepwise Logistic regression analysis results show that the absent halo sign, unclear edge, RI>0.70, hypoechoic nodules and blood flow signal ≤2 were associated with TMC (P<0.05). The above five indexes were used to establish regression model to pre-dict TMC and the sensitivity, specific degrees and accuracy were 93.75%, 90.90%, 92.11%. Conclusion The Logistic regression model with echo, edge, RI and blood flow signal in CDUS can be helpful for early accurate diagnosis of TMC.

Objective: To analyze the antimicrobial resistance profile in Chinese children. Methods: This was a prevalence survey. From January 1 through December 31, 2016, the isolates were collected from 10 tertiary children hospitals in China. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by routine laboratory methods. The penicillin susceptibility of streptococcus pneumonia and Meropenem susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria were detected by E-test and disk diffusion method respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility results were interpreted according to the criteria of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) Guideline 2016. The data of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolates from either the different patients (neonatal group and non-neonatal group) or various sources were analyzed by WHONET 5.6 software. Results: A total of 56 241 isolates were collected, of which 41.5% (23 328 isolates) were gram-positive organisms and 58.5% (32 886 isolates) gram-negative organisms. The five leading pathogens were Escherichia coli (7 995/56 214, 14.2%), Straphylococcus aureus (6 468/56 214, 11.5%), Streptococcus pneumonia (6 225/56 214, 11.1%), Haemophilus influenza (5 435/56 214, 9.7%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (4 523/56 214, 8.0%). The Meropenem resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coil, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumonia isolates were 27.4% (326/1 189) , 8.1% (29/358) , 2.0% (27/1 362) , 19.5% (34/174) , 49.7% (230/463) in neonatal group and 15.4% (512/3 327) , 4.8% (40/841) , 2.3% (151/6 564) , 13.7% (252/1 840) , and 53.4% (860/1 611) in non-neonatal group. The Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) rates of neonatal group and non-neonatal group were 46.2% (649/1 404) and 33.3% (1 668/5 010) . The penicillin non-susceptible rates of Streptococcus pneumonia in the two groups were 17.6% (6/34) and 18.2% (1 121/6 158) respectively. The β-lactamase positive rates of Haemophilus pneumonia isolates in the neonatal group and non-neonatal groups were 33.8% (47/139) and 44.4% (2 345/5 282) respectively. Conclusion This investigation highlights the worrisome trend of antimicrobial resistance in children, especially among neonatal patients in China.

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of pneumococcal infections and drug resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from children's hospitals, which would provide reference for preventing and treating pneumococcal diseases. Methods: This was a prevalence survey. In this study, the age, specimen type, monthly distribution characteristics, and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from 9 children's hospitals in China were investigated between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2016. The WHONET 5.6 software was used to analyze the antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The comparison of rates was performed by Chi-square test. Results: A total of 6 200 isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae were obtained, namely, 95.1% (5 876/6 177) from the respiratory tract specimens, 2.2% (136/6 177) from blood specimens and 0.4% (24/6 177) from cerebrospinal fluid specimens. The isolates were mainly from children older than 1 and younger than 5 years (54.7%, 3 381/6 185) . Most of strains (33.2%, 1 184/3 563) were isolated in November, December and January. Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were completely sensitive to vancomycin (100.0%, 6 189/6 189) , linezolid (100.0%, 6 030/6 030) , moxifloxacin (100.0%, 3 064/3 064) , highly sensitive to levofloxacin (99.8%, 5 528/5 540), ertapenem (98.8%, 3 024/3 061) and lowly sensitive to erythromycin (1.7%, 102/6 016), clindamycin (3.7%, 116/3 136), and tetracycline (5%, 244/4 877), respectively. According to the parenteral susceptibility breakpoints for non-meningitis isolates, the sensitivity of Streptocococus pneumoniae to penicillin from children's hospital of Chongqing Medical University (49.3%, 892/1 809) was significantly lower than those of other hospitals (χ²=1 268.161, P<0.05) . Conclusions Streptococcus pneumoniae is mainly isolated from respiratory tract, from children older than 1 and younger than 5 years and during November to January in tertiary children's hospital of China. The Streptococcus pneumoniae from children is highly sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin. There are also significant differences in the sensitivity of penicillin for Streptococcus pneumoniae from different hospitals.

Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae ( CRE) isolated from children in China. Methods CRE strains were collected in 10 ter-tiary children's hospitals of China from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the clinical strains was detected with disk diffusion method ( KB method) and automated method. The re-sults were analyzed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute ( CLSI) Standards published in 2017. WHONET 5. 6 software was used to retrospectively analyze the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of these strains. Results A total of 3065 CRE clinical strains were isolated from children with an overall prevalence of 7. 7％ and among them, 13. 5％ were isolated in neonatal group and 5. 8％ in non-neo-natal group. The detection rate of CRE in 2017 was higher than that in 2016 (9. 7％ vs 5. 7％). Among the 3065 CRE strains, there were 1912 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (62. 0％), 667 strains of Escherichia coli (22. 0％), 206 strains of Enterobacter cloacae (7. 0％), 56 strains of Klebsiella aerogenes (1. 8％) and 47 strains of Serratia marcescens (1. 5％). Most of the strains were isolate in neonatology departments including neonatal intensive care units (NICU) and intensive care units (ICU), accounting for 44. 8％ and 19. 7％, respectively. Respiratory tract (61. 8％), urine (19. 4％) and blood (5. 7％) specimens were the main sources of CRE isolates. Results of antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that the CRE strains were highly resistant to carbapenem antibiotics such as imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem, as well as penicillins and most cephalosporins (79. 6％-100％), especially those isolated in the neonatal group (P<0. 05). Children had relatively low resistance rates to aminoglycosides such as amikacin (19. 7％) and fos-fomycin (11. 9％), fluoroquinolones such as levofloxacin (37. 7％) and ciprofloxacin (43. 3％), and tige-cycline (3. 8％). Currently, no polymyxin B-resistant strains were isolated. Conclusions The prevalence of common CRE strains in children in 2017 was higher than that in 2016, especially in newborns. Drug re-sistance in CRE strains isolated from neonates to common antibiotics was more severe, suggesting that great attention should be paid to it and timely measures should also be taken.