BACKGROUND:Bilateral-sagitta-split-ramus-osteotomy (BSSRO) has become a conventional method to correct facial deformities, and the finite element method is a significant way to study biomechanics of the mandible and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) after BSSRO. OBJECTIVE: To establish a precise and high simulation model of mandible containing TMJ after BSSRO with internal fixation, which is the base to study the biomechanics of the mandible and TMJ after BSSRO. METHODS: Spiral CT scan was used to get the data of DICOM that were input into MIMICS to establish the three-dimensional model of the mandible. The three-dimensional model was wrapped into a single closed shel for mesh generation and conversion in ANSYS. Then, the model was input into the ANSYS software for temporomandibular joint reconstruction and simulation of BSSRO and internal fixation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The three-dimensional finite element model of mandible containing TMJ after BSSRO was established using MIMICS and ANSYS. This model had biological similarity and geometric similarity in comparison with the human tissues. The model could undergo various internal fixations through antedisplacement, retroposition and rotational movement of the distal end. Based on different experimental purposes, the established model can apply a load to al parts to study changes in stress and displacement of different tissues after BSSRO and internal fixation, and it also can be used to study the effect of different fixation materials on the rear stability after internal fixation.

High flow nasal cannula（HFNC）is a novel oxygen therapy developed in recent years，and has been successfully used in pediatric diseases such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia.Although there has been a lack of clinical application guidelines in pediatrics，it has been increasingly applied to the treatment of exacerbations of bronchial asthma.This review focused on efficacy，application timing，complications and parameters adjustment of HFNC in children with asthma exacerbation，so as to further guide the clinical use.

Objective:To analyze the bacteria spectrum and antimicrobial resistance profile of bacterial meningitis among children in Baoji.Methods:Based on the acute meningeal and encephalitis syndrome surveillance project, cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected from 774 cases of bacterial meningitis in Baoji Municipal Maternal and Health Hospital from January 2016 to December 2023. Bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test were carried out.Results:A total of 105 positive strains were isolated with the detection rate of 13.57% (105/774). Among them, gram-positive strains accounted for 80.00% (84/105), mainly including Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 20.00% (21/105), and the predominant strain was Escherichia coli. Pathogenic bacteria were detected in every month of the year, with two peaks in March and September (26.67%, 28/105). The youngest was infected 20 min after birth, and the oldest was nine years old. There were statistical differences in the detection rates among different age groups (χ 2=35.91, P<0.05). The positive rate in the toddler group was lower than that in the infant group, the pre-school age group and the school age group, respectively (χ 2=15.01, 7.09, and 10.08; all P<0.05). There was no statistical difference between the toddler group and the neonate group (χ 2=1.60, P>0.05). The strains detected in the neonate group accounted for 44.76% (47/105), mainly including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis; the strains in the infant group accounted for 26.67% (28/105), mainly including Streptococcus pneumoniae; the strains in the toddler group accounted for 3.81% (4/105), mainly including Staphylococcus epidermidis; the strains in the pre-school age accounted for 11.43% (12/105), mainly including Staphylococcus epidermidis; the strains in the school age group accounted for 13.33% (14/105), mainly including Streptococcus pneumoniae. The results of drug sensitivity test showed that the resistance rates of Staphylococcus epidermidis to ampicillin/sulbactam, clindamycin, and levofloxacin were 47.06% (8/17), 41.18% (7/17), and 23.53% (4/17), respectively. Staphylococcus epidermidis strains were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid. All of the Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin, but sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid. The resistance rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin was 69.23% (9/13). The resistance rates of Escherichia coli to ampicillin, levofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and cefotaxime were 66.67% (8/12), 41.67% (5/12), 33.33% (4/12), and 41.67% (5/12), respectively, but they were sensitive to ampicillin/sulbactam, cefoperazone/sulbactam, amikacin, and meropenem. Streptococcus agalactis strains were sensitive to penicillin, linezolid, and vancomycin, but resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, ampicillin, and levofloxacin. Conclusions:The main pathogens causing bacterial meningitis in Baoji city are Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. The distribution of bacteria is varied in different age groups. The diagnosis and treatment of bacterial meningitis should be made based on the bacterial spectrum characteristics and the results of antimicrobial resistance profile.

Objective To investigate the electro-clinical features of epilepsy with eye closure sensitivity (ECS).Methods The electroencephalograph database was searched using ECS during half a year period from January to June 2017 in Xijing Hospital.The duration of the follow-up was one year.Results Fifty-one patients diagnosed as epilepsy with ECS were investigated.Patients were classified into four epilepsy syndromes:33 with eyelid myoclonia with absences (EMA);13 with juvenile myoclonia epilepsy (JME);two with epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizure on awakening and three with idiopathic occipital lobe epilepsy (IOE).The duration of the epileptiform discharges (EDs) triggered by eye closure (ECL) lasted more than five seconds in four patients with EMA and one patient with IOE.The EDs triggered by ECL were more frequent (85.2± 11.4 vs 37.5± 12.6,t=12.399,P=0.000) and lasting longer ((4.3± 1.9) s vs (2.3±0.8) s,t=3.585,P=0.001) in EMA than in JME.Conclusions ECS is common in EMA.The frequency and duration of the EDs triggered by ECL are helpful for identifying EMA and JME.

【Objective】 To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Shaanxi Province from 2012 to 2021. 【Methods】 We collected the information of pertussis cases in Shaanxi Province from 2012 to 2021 by the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System for analyzing the incidence and distribution characteristics. 【Results】 From 2012 to 2021, a total of 8270 cases of pertussis were reported in Shaanxi Province, with the incidence ranging from 0.21 to 6.20 per 100 000 persons, and for an annual average incidence of 2.17 per 100 000 persons. 44.81% (3 706/8 270) occurred from June to September. The annual average incidence in southern Shaanxi, Guanzhong, and northern Shaanxi was 1.78, 2.47, and 1.46 per 100 000 persons (χ²=289.638, P<0.001). The number of patients (proportions) with pertussis aged 0-1, 1-5, 5-10, and ≥10 years was 3 884 (46.96%), 2 869 (34.69%), 1 408 (17.03%), and 109 (1.32%), respectively. The number of patients (proportion) ≤ 2 months old, 3-5 months old, and ≥ 6 months old was 884 (22.76%),1 608 (41.40%), and 1 392 (35.84%) among pertussis patients under 1 year old. 【Conclusion】 The incidence of pertussis in Shaanxi Province basically showed an increasing trend with higher rates between June and September, higher rates in Guanzhong region of the province, and more patients over 5 years old.

Mutations or inactivation of parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, are associated with familial form or sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD), respectively, which manifested with the selective vulnerability of neuronal cells in substantia nigra (SN) and striatum (STR) regions. However, the underlying molecular mechanism linking parkin with the etiology of PD remains elusive. Here we report that p62, a critical regulator for protein quality control, inclusion body formation, selective autophagy and diverse signaling pathways, is a new substrate of parkin. P62 levels were increased in the SN and STR regions, but not in other brain regions in parkin knockout mice. Parkin directly interacts with and ubiquitinates p62 at the K13 to promote proteasomal degradation of p62 even in the absence of ATG5. Pathogenic mutations, knockdown of parkin or mutation of p62 at K13 prevented the degradation of p62. We further showed that parkin deficiency mice have pronounced loss of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons and have worse performance in motor test when treated with 6-hydroxydopamine hydrochloride in aged mice. These results suggest that, in addition to their critical role in regulating autophagy, p62 are subjected to parkin mediated proteasomal degradation and implicate that the dysregulation of parkin/p62 axis may involve in the selective vulnerability of neuronal cells during the onset of PD pathogenesis.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Animals ; HEK293 Cells ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lysine ; metabolism ; Mice ; Neurons ; metabolism ; pathology ; Oxidopamine ; pharmacology ; Parkinson Disease ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; metabolism ; Protein Stability ; Proteolysis ; drug effects ; Sequestosome-1 Protein ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; metabolism ; Ubiquitination ; drug effects