Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of trans-gastric peritoneoscopy with technique of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery(NOTES)for tuberculosis peritonitis.Methods Clinical data of 20 patients with tuberculosis peritonitis diagnosed by trans-gastric peritoneoscopy via NOTES were retrospectively analyzed.Results All diagnoses were confirmed by biopsy.The findings of peritoneoscopy were defined as miliary type with miliary nodes scattered in ascites and on peritoneum,adhesive type with thickening of peritoneum and adhesion between peritoneum and intestines,cheese-like type with parietal peritoneal ulcer and cheese-like substances,and mixed type with 2 or 3 of above mentioned types.Positive findings in other laboratory examinations were hemoglobin decrease in 10(50％)patients,blood sedimentation rate increase in 16(80％),C reactive protein increase in 13(65％),CA125 increase in 18(90％),and positive tuberculin test in 9(45％).Abnormal findings were detected by chest X-ray in 8(40％)patients,by abdominal ultrasonography examination in 2(10％),by abdominal CT in 7(35％),and by colonoscopy in 1(5％).No abnormal results were found in all patients in anti-tuberculosis antibody test,ascites bacteria culture and gastroscopy.Conclusion Trans-gastric peritoneoscopy via NOTES with biopsy is effective for diagnosis of tuberculosis peritonitis.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of transgastric peritoneal endoscopy in diagnosis of ascites with unknown origin.Methods Endoscopy was introduced into peritoneal cavity through gastric wall in 23 patients with exudative ascites which was able to be diagnosed by routine methods and biopsy was made through endoscopy to get pathological diagnosis.Results Definite diagnosis was made in 22 patient (95.7%),of which 12 (54.6%) were malignant tumors,8 (36.4%) were tuberculosis peritonitis,1 (4.5%) was spontaneous peritonitis associated with liver cirrhosis and 1 (4.5%) was eosinophilic enteritis.Conclusion Natural orifice transluminal endoscopy combined with biopsy is an effective and accurate procedure for diagnosis of ascites of unknown canses.

Objective:A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to determine the enzymatic activity of CD38 in blood, which was the major enzyme responsible for consuming nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). Additionally, the study aimed to detect the differences in CD38 enzymatic activity among individuals of varying ages and health statuses.Methods:A 50 μl whole blood matrix and enzyme reaction substrate of 150 μl β-NAD at a concentration of 500 μmol/L were selected for the analysis. To eliminate the impact of endogenous β-NAD, the whole blood sample was pre-incubated at 37 ℃ for 20 minutes before adding the substrate. The reaction was terminated by perchloric acid (PCA) after incubation at 37 ℃ for 40 min. The change in product nicotinamide (NAM) before and after the enzymatic reaction was measured by HPLC to calculate the CD38 activity. The linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, and stability of the method were evaluated. The CD38 enzymatic activities in 60 healthy volunteers and 30 colorectal cancer patients in blood were determined by the developed method.Results:Pre-incubation at 37 ℃ for 20 minutes eliminated the effect of endogenous β-NAD. The correlation coefficient of NAM was 0.999 in the concentration range of 0.1-3.2 μmol/L, with limit of detection of 0.5 nmol/L and limit of quantification of 2.1 nmol/L. The average within-run imprecision ( CV) and total CV were 3.22%-4.03% and 2.91%-4.70%, respectively. The recovery rate ranged from 94.82% to 96.81%. The CD38 activity of whole blood was stable by storage at 4 ℃ for 48 hours, storage at room temperature for 8 hours, thawing of frozen whole blood at room temperature for 2 hours, or repeated freeze-thawing three times. NAM, NAD standards, and pre-treatment samples were stable after 48 hours at 4 ℃ and 8 hours at room temperature. CD38 activity gradually decreased with increasing concentration of the added CD38 inhibitor 4-aminoquinoline derivative (78c). Measurement of 60 healthy physical examination population samples showed significantly higher CD38 enzyme activity in the elderly group than that in the young group ( t=-2.776, P=0.007) and measurement of 30 colorectal cancer patients showed significantly higher CD38 enzyme activity than that in healthy people ( t=-2.572, P=0.012). Conclusion:The established HPLC method for determining CD38 enzymatic activity is characterized by its simplicity, efficiency, accuracy, and reproducibility. This technique serves as a valuable tool for investigating aging and aging-related diseases.