Objective:To discuss the relationship between the serum level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the presence of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD). Methods:The experimentalgroup was subdivided into the bleeding and the non-bleeding groups which consisted of 64 womenwith IUCD. There were 60 healthy women in the control group. The serum levels of IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in bothgroups. Results :In the experimental group,the serum levels of IL-6 in 3 cases were increased,andthere was a significant difference in comparison with those of the control group (P＜0. 01),butthere were no statistical differences between the bleeding group and the non-bleeding group withIUCD (P＞0． 05). Serum CRP was negative both in the experimental groups and in the controlgroup. Conclusion:The non-bacterial endometrial inflammation induced by IUCD causes the in-crease of serum level of IL-6 in some women. It is suggested that IL-6 may play an important rolein the contraceptive mechanism of IUCD.

Objective To supply the fastest and most effective first aid for patients with the least medical workers and within the shortest time after the occurrence of emergent public health accidents by application of emergency management. Methods We carried out retrospective invetigations about 55 great medical succors from the year of 2004 to 2006.Results Application of emergency nursing management played a pivotal role in these 55 great medical succors. The medical workers handled all the emergencies without confusion and a large number of patients got first aid in time. Conclusion It could facilitated the first aid for emergent public health accidents by application of emergency nursing management.

Objective To investigate the efficacy,toxicity and cosmetic outcome of short-course radiotherapy with concomitant tumor bed boost after breast-conserving surgery for early stage breast cancer.Methods A total of 306 patients with T1-2 N0-1 M0 breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery were included.160 patients received whole-breast radiation to 45 Gy in 25 fractions followed by tumor bed boost of 14 Gy in 7 fractions (C group).146 patients received whole-breast radiation to 46 Gy in 23 fractions with concomitant tumor bed boost to 60 Gy in 23 fractions (S group).Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the local recurrence and overall survival rates and the differences were compared by Logrank test.Chi-square test was used to compared the differences of the clinical characteristics,toxicity and cosmetic outcome between the two groups.Results The follow-up rate was 100％.After a median follow up of 26 months,the 1-,2-and 3-year overall survival rates were 100％.No patient developed local recurrence.In C and S group,the incidence of grade 1 acute skin toxicity was 46.9％ and 45.1％ (x2 =0.73,P =0.695),grade 2was 16.3％ and 13.7％ (x2 =0.73,P =0.695).Grade 1 late skin and subcutaneous tissue toxicity developed in 16.9％ and 17.1％ of patients in C and S group (x2 =0.00,P =0.954).Grade 1 neutropenia occurred in 11.9％ and 13.7％ of patients in C and S group (x2 =0.23,P =0.633).In C and S group,66.2％ and 65.5％ of patients had excellent and good cosmetic outcome (x2 =0.01,P =0.927).Conclusions Short-course radiotherapy with concomitant tumor bed boost provides similar results to conventional radiotherapy in local control,toxicity and cosmetic outcome.Long-term follow up is warranted to confirm this finding.

Objective To determine the influence of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor on the blood brain barrier (BBB) transport of amphotericin B (AmB)..Methods An in-vitro BBB model was established with brain capillary endothelia cells (BCEC). AmB was chosen as the test drug and verapamil was chosen as the inhibitor of P-gp.Cellular uptake of AmB at different time points and with series of verapamil concentrations were performed respectively after the determination of appropriate incubation time and drug dosage by the cytotoxicity assay. The AmB concentrations of series of samples were detected using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. One-way ANOVA analysis and Bonferroni test were used for data analysis.Results The cellular transport of AmB was accumulated as the time prolonged.The inhibitor group had a significant higher cellular uptake levelsof AmBat the time point of 90 min (t=6.753,P=0.001),120 min (t=3.574,P=0.016) and 150 min (t=4.759,P=0.005) as compared with the control group.The AmB cellular uptake level increased significantly when BCEC were incubated with verapamil of 2 μmol/L (P=0.000),5 μmol/L (P=0.014),10 μmol/L (P=0.000),50 μmol/L (P=0.014),75 μmol/L (P=0.000) and 100 tμmol/L (P=0.000),respectively,compared with the control group.Conclusion The P-gp inhibitor verapamil can enhance the cellular uptake of AmB which indicates that P-gp is involved in the BBP transport of AmB.

Objective To explore oropharyngeal swallowing disorders with videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS). Methods 16 patients with dysphagia accepted VFSS with 10 ml of thin barium meal (50% w/v), thick barium meal (270% w/v), biscuit coated with thick barium meal in single swallow. Their swallowing function was observed on the lateral and anterior/posterior planes, including: symmetry of pyriform sinuses, oral transit time, presence of pharyngeal delay, pharyngeal transit time, oral and pharyngeal residue, and presence of aspiration.Results 5 patients demonstrated oral swallowing disorder. 3 patients demonstrated pharyngeal swallowing disorders, that was pharyngeal delay which caused in aspiration after swallowing. 8 patients demonstrated oropharyngeal swallowing disorders, and 3 of them presented aspiration,2 patients were silent aspirators, 1 was aspiration before and 1 after swallowing. The aspiration time could not be judged from the videofluoroscopy in the other one. For 4 patients with aspiration, 3 were severe, with more than 25% of the bolus aspirated, and 1 aspirated less than 5%. Conclusion VFSS can be helpful to plan individual rehabilitation.

AIM:To investigate the expression of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and its correlation with proliferative/apoptotic ratio (PAR) in colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence under the same genetic background .ME-THODS:Four kinds of tissue samples under the same genetic background from 23 patients, including normal colorectal tissue, adenoma with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia , adenoma with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and colorectal adenocarcinoma samples , were collected .TUNEL method and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry were applied to determine the PAR.The expression of CHOP was detected by immunohistochemistry SABC method .RESULTS: ( 1 ) Under the same genetic background , the level of CHOP expression is significantly higher in colorectal adenocarcinoma than that in the ade -noma with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia , the adenoma with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and the normal muco-sa.The level of CHOP expression was significantly higher in the adenoma with high -grade intraepithelial neoplasia than that in the adenoma with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and the normal mucosa .The level of CHOP expression was signifi-cantly higher in the adenoma with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia than that in normal mucosa .(2) Under the same ge-netic background , PAR was significantly higher in the colorectal adenocarcinoma than that in the adenoma with high -grade intraepithelial neoplasia , the adenoma with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and the normal mucosa .PAR was significant-ly higher in the adenoma with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia than that in the adenoma with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and the normal mucosa .PAR was significantly higher in the adenoma with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia than that in the normal mucosa.(3) CHOP levels were positively correlated with PAR in the adenoma with low-grade intraepi-thelial neoplasia , adenoma with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and colorectal adenocarcinoma .CONCLUSION:CHOP expression and PAR continuously increased and positively correlated along the adenoma -carcinoma sequence , indica-ting that endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates the carcinogenesis of colorectal adenomas .

Objective To describe the distributions of FCGR polymorphisms in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-uninfected patients with cryptococcosis,and to investigate the association of FCGR polymorphisms with the susceptibility to cryptococcosis.Methods The distributions of the four functional polymorphisms,including FCGR2A 131H/R,FCGR3A 158F/V,FCGR3B NA1/NA2,and FCGR2B 232I/T were compared between 198 cryptococcosis patients and 190 healthy controls.The polymorphisms distribution patterns were also compared between patients with central nervous system (CNS) infection and those without CNS infection.Genotyping of eight single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in FCGR were performed by multiplex SNaPshot technology using DNA extracted from blood samples.The comparison between patients and controls was performed by chi square test or Fisher exact test.Results Compared to healthy controls,the frequency of FCGR2B 232I/I increased (65％ vs 53％,x2 =4.27,P=0.039,OR=1.652,95％CI:1.02-2.67) and that of FCGR2B 232I/T decreased (27％ vs 40％,x2 =5.77,P=0.016.OR=0.542,95％CI:0.33-0.90) in patients with cryptococcal meningitis.Among immunocompetent patients,the frequency of FCGR2B 232I/I was also over-presented (69％ vs 53％,x2=4.53,P =0.033,OR=1.958,95％CI:1.05-3.66) and the FCGR2B 232I/T genotype was also less frequently observed (24％ vs 40％,x2=5.14,P=0.023,OR=0.467,95％CI:0.24-0.91) compared to healthy controls.There were 117 cases with CNS infection and 81 non-CNS infection cases.The genotype of FCGR2A 131R/Rwas over-presented (19％ vs 6％,x2 =6.48,P=0.011,OR=3.52,95％CI:1.27-9.73) and the FCGR2B 232I/T genotype was under-presented (27 ％ vs 46 ％,x2 =7.56,P =0.006,OR=0.431,95％CI:0.24-0.79) in patients with CNS infection compared with those without CNS infection.Furthermore,the frequency of FCGR2B 232I/I genotypes increased (69％ vs47％,x2 =5.47,P=0.019,OR=2.479,95％CI:1.15-5.34) and the frequency of FCGR2B 232I/T decreased (24％ vs 51％,x2 =8.66,P=0.003,OR=0.307,95％CI:0.14-0.68) in immunocompetent patients with CNS infection compared with those without CNS infection.Conclusions FCGR2A 131H/R and FCGR2B 232I/T are associated with the susceptibility to cryptococcal CNS infection,which suggests that FcγRⅡA and FcγRⅡB may contribute to the pathogenesis of cryptococcosis.

The Internet Public Opinion Monitoring and Early Warning System for medical and health industry was designed and implemented due to the frequent occurrence of Internet public opinion, which has all-directional data collecting and analyzing functions, including big data collection, near duplicate detection, spam filtration, key public opinion early warning, region identification and tendency analysis, and can thus provide evidence for relevant departments to take effective measures for the control of Internet public opinion.

Objective To analyze the clinical features of patients with uncommon fungal infections in central nervous system (CNS).Methods Thirty-five patients with uncommon CNS fungal infections who were admitted to Huashan Hospital from 1997 to 2010 were retrospectively reviewed.The pathogens,symptoms and signs.treatments of patients were evaluated.The data were analyzed by rank sum test and Fisher'S exact test.Results Twenty-nine of the 35 patients met the definition criteria of prover CNS fungal infections,while the other 6 had probable diagnosis.Predisposing factors were found in 86% of all patients.The most common pathogens were Aspergillus and Candida species.The symptoms and signs commonly occurred including fever(22 cases),headache(19 cases), cranial neuropathy(12 cases),and meningeal irritation sign(12 cases).High white blood cell count,high protein level,and low glucose level were the main findings of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis.Patients with cerebral aspergillosis were more frequently accompanied with immunocompromised conditions, and they often got CNS aspergillosis from hematogenous dissemination or direct extension of paranasal sinus infection.Cerebral granuloma and abscess were the common clinical characteristics of CNS aspergillosis.Cerebral candidiasis often arose from neurosurgical surgery or traumatic brain injury,and these patients were usually presented with meningitis.All patients were treated with antifungal drugs and (or) surgical intervention and 77%(27/35) of the patients achieved complete or partial responses. Antifungal agents combined with surgical resection might improve outcome of patients with CNS aspergillosis; while removal or replacement of drainage tubes in combination with antifungal treatment showed satisfactory efficacy in patients with cerebral candidiasis who usually had shunt manipulation. Conclusions The incidence of CNS fungal infection, such as cerebral aspergillosis and candidiasis, is increasing. Early diagnose and therapeutic intervention are crucial for improving outcome.

Objective To describe the distribution of mannose binding lectin (MBL) genetic polymorphisms in non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with cryptococcosis in China and to verify the association of MBL polymorphisms with susceptibility to cryptococcosis.Methods The case-controlled genetic association study was conducted and 167 non-AIDS patients with cryptococcosis and 208 healthy controls were recruited. Genome DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood and MBL gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Six singlenucleotide polymorphisms ( SNP) of MBL gene were sequenced. The association of MBL polymorphisms with susceptibility to cryptococcosis were analyzed. The comparison between patients and controls was performed by chi square test or Fisher's exact test. The differences of MBL plasma concentrations between groups with different MBL genotypes were compared by single factor variance analysis. Results There were no differences between patients and controls in terms of MBL genotype frequencies, haplotypes and genotypes (all P>0. 05). Compared with healthy control, the deficient MBL-producing genotypes were strongly associated with cryptococcal meningitis (16. 5% vs 8. 7%,χ2=4.25, P=0.0392, OR = 2.09), particularly in patients without underlying immunocompromised conditions (21. 4% vs 8. 7%, χ2 =7. 15, P = 0. 0075, OR = 2. 88). Individuals with MBL deficiency genotypes showed significantly higher rates of central nervous system (CNS) cryptococcal infection rather than non-CNS cryptococcosis (16. 5% vs 3. 1%, Fisher's exact test, P = 0. 010, OR = 6. 13).The difference was even more significant in the immunocompetent patients (21. 4% vs 4. 0%, P =0.009, OR= 6. 55). Conclusion MBL deficiency is associated with cryptococcal meningitis and may play a role in CNS Cryptococcus infection.