Objective:To discuss the autoimmune response on the mechanism and clinical significance of nerve root injury induced by the non-compressive nucleus pulposus protrusion.Methods:Forty-eight female SD rats were randomly divided.Twenty-four female SD rats were recruited as model group,and the others as control.After ten days,twenty days and forty days,the pain threshold of left hind leg and the levels of TNF-α, CD4+, CD8+T cells were measured, the nerve root changes in morphology were observed by HE.Results:Compared with the control group,model group in ten days,twenty days,which left hind leg pain threshold,the proportion of CD4,CD8+T cell and the expression of TNF-αare significantly different.After forty days,these two groups have no statistical differ-ence.After ten days,lumbar nerve root cross-sectional myelin of model group was partial disintegrated.The worst damage happened in twenty days,and almost recovered to normal in forty days.Conclusion:T cell-mediated autoimmunity and TNF-αplay an important role to the nerve root injury in the early time of the non-compressive nucleus pulposus protrusion.

Objective To investigate the efficacy,toxicity and cosmetic outcome of short-course radiotherapy with concomitant tumor bed boost after breast-conserving surgery for early stage breast cancer.Methods A total of 306 patients with T1-2 N0-1 M0 breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery were included.160 patients received whole-breast radiation to 45 Gy in 25 fractions followed by tumor bed boost of 14 Gy in 7 fractions (C group).146 patients received whole-breast radiation to 46 Gy in 23 fractions with concomitant tumor bed boost to 60 Gy in 23 fractions (S group).Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the local recurrence and overall survival rates and the differences were compared by Logrank test.Chi-square test was used to compared the differences of the clinical characteristics,toxicity and cosmetic outcome between the two groups.Results The follow-up rate was 100％.After a median follow up of 26 months,the 1-,2-and 3-year overall survival rates were 100％.No patient developed local recurrence.In C and S group,the incidence of grade 1 acute skin toxicity was 46.9％ and 45.1％ (x2 =0.73,P =0.695),grade 2was 16.3％ and 13.7％ (x2 =0.73,P =0.695).Grade 1 late skin and subcutaneous tissue toxicity developed in 16.9％ and 17.1％ of patients in C and S group (x2 =0.00,P =0.954).Grade 1 neutropenia occurred in 11.9％ and 13.7％ of patients in C and S group (x2 =0.23,P =0.633).In C and S group,66.2％ and 65.5％ of patients had excellent and good cosmetic outcome (x2 =0.01,P =0.927).Conclusions Short-course radiotherapy with concomitant tumor bed boost provides similar results to conventional radiotherapy in local control,toxicity and cosmetic outcome.Long-term follow up is warranted to confirm this finding.

The current challenge from radiotherapy of early breast cancer has been to minimize the morbidity caused by this treatment without losing efficacy.Conventional two-dimensional radiotherapy breast plans can produce substantial dose inhomogeneities.Intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT) can be used to improve the dose homogeneity in an irradiated volume.And to some extent,IMRT can reduce radiation doses to adjacent normal tissues including the contralateral breast,heart and lung,and improve the cosmetic outcome.

The individuality of mangrove ecotope determined the diversity and specificity of symbiotic microorganisms and their metabolites. However, being confined by the knowledge and cultivation means, the field on mangrove symbiotic microorganisms was on starting. In this paper, the progresses on symbiotic microorganisms of mangrove were reviewed, which hint the essentiality and trends of that field.

OBJECTIVE:To study the anti-tussive and anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous extract of Pegaeophyti Radix Et Rhizoma(P. Radix Et Rhizoma). METHODS:In the experiment,there were a model group,a positive control group [30 mg/kg co-deine for mice,18.38 mg/kg codeine for guinea pigs,20 mg/kg indometacin for mice and 15 mg/kg indometacin for rats] and P. Ra-dix Et Rhizoma low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups [2.0,4.0 and 8.0 g(medicinal materials)/kg for mice;1.2,2.4 and 4.8 g (medicinal materials)/kg for guinea pigs;1.4,2.8 and 5.6 g (medicinal materials)/kg for rats],with 10 animals in each group. The above-mentioned animals were given corresponding drug ig for 4 consecutive days,and then strong ammonia spraying method and sulfur dioxide stimulation method were employed to induce cough in mice and citric acid spraying method to induce cough in guinea pigs to observe the incubation period and times of cough,auricular swelling method to observe xylene-induced au-ricular swelling in mice and pedal swelling method to observe carrageenin-induced pedal swelling in rats. RESULTS:Compared to the model group,Aqueous extract of P. Radix Et Rhizoma could prolong the incubation period and reduce times of cough induced by strong ammonia spraying and sulfur dioxide stimulation in mice of positive control group and P. Radix Et Rhizoma medium-dose and high-dose groups;it could prolong the incubation period of and reduce times of cough induced by citric acid spraying in guinea pigs of positive control group and P. Radix Et Rhizoma medium-dose and high-dose groups;it could alleviate xylene-induced auricu-lar swelling in mice of positive control group and P. Radix Et Rhizoma medium-dose and high-dose groups;it could alleviate carra-geenin-induced pedal swelling in rats of positive control group and P. Radix Et Rhizoma medium-dose and high-dose groups. There were statistically significances (P<0.01 or P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Aqueous extract of P. Radix Et Rhizoma has anti-tussive and anti-inflammatory effects on the experimental animals.

Objective: To explore the gender-specific risk factors of new-onset cerebral hemorrhage. Methods: In this prospective cohort study,a total of 98 961 participants((51.1±12.6)years old), who underwent the 2006 to 2007 physical examination and met the inclusion criteria, were enrolled from the Kailuanstudy cohort. There were 78 908 (79.7%) male,and 20 053 (20.3%) female.The incidence of cerebral hemorrhage was observed once per year until December 31, 2016.The difference on the incidence of cerebral hemorrhage between male and female was compared. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was applied to analyze therisk factors of cerebral hemorrhage events among different genders. Results: The participants were followed up for(10.00±0.73) years,and 860 cerebral hemorrhage events were recorded during follow up. The incidence of cerebral hemorrhage in the population was 86.90/10 million person years (standardized incidence rate of 47.85/10 million person years). The incidence of cerebral hemorrhage was significantly higher in male (49.61/10 million person years) than in female (34.07/10 million person years, P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that 45-59 years old, ≥ 60 years old, diabetes,and waist-hip ratio were more strongly related to new-onset of cerebral hemorrhage events in female than in male, and the hazard ratios(95%CI) were 2.33 (1.23-4.43) ,2.71 (1.30-5.66) ,2.16 (1.24-3.74) and 8.79 (1.42-54.32) in female versus 1.55 (1.21-1.97) ,2.16 (1.68-2.78) ,1.19 (0.93-1.53) and 3.21 (1.09-9.41) in male, respectively. The risk of male cerebral hemorrhage increased by 29% (HR=1.29, 95%CI 1.19-1.40) in male and 24% (HR=1.24, 95%CI 1.20-1.28) in female,when the systolic blood pressure increased 10 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). Conclusions: The incidence of cerebral hemorrhage is higher in male than in female in this cohort.The association between systolic blood pressure and cerebral hemorrhage is stronger in male than that in female.The associations between age, waist-hip ratio, diabetes and cerebral hemorrhage are stronger in female than in male. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trail Registry, ChiCTR-TNC-11001489.

OBJECTIVE To explore the efficacy of alfacalcidol combined with conventional antihypertensive and lipid- lowering drugs on liver and kidney function， serum inflammatory cytokines and renin-angiotensin system（RAS） in hypertensive patients with renal impairment. METHODS A total of 200 hypertensive patients with renal impairment who were treated in the department of nephrology in our hospital from December 2017 to December 2020 were selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group， with 100 cases in each group. Both groups of patients were treated with conventional antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs for a total of 14 weeks， patients in the observation group were additionally treated with oral alfacalcidol after 2 weeks of treatment （0.25 μg each time， once a day， for a total of 12 weeks）. The levels of liver function indexes [aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）]， renal function indexes [blood calcium， blood phosphorus， blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， cystatin C （Cys-C）， serum creatinine （Scr）， urine microalbumin （mAlb）， β2-microglobulin （β2-MG）， urinary N- acetyl β-D-glucosaminidase （NAG）， 24 h urinary protein]， inflammatory factors [serum interleukin 6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α）， hypersensitive C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）] and RAS activity indexes [renin， angiotensin Ⅰ（Ang Ⅰ）， Ang Ⅱ and aldosterone] were observed in 2 groups before and after treatment， and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions was recorded during treatment. RESULTS There was no statistical significance in the levels of detection indexes between 2 groups before treatment （P＞0.05）. After treatment， the level of blood calcium in the observation group was significantly higher than before treatment （P＜0.05）， but remained at clinically normal level. Compared with before treatment， the levels of Cys-C， Scr， BUN， urine mAlb， β2-MG， NAG and 24 h urinary protein， hs-CRP， IL-6， TNF-α， renin， Ang Ⅰ， Ang Ⅱ and aldosterone were significantly decreased in the observation group after treatment （P＜0.05）. After treatment， the level of blood calcium in observation group was significantly higher than control group （P＜0.05）. Additionally， the levels of Cys-C， Scr， BUN，urine mAlb， β2-MG， NAG， 24 h urinary protein， hs-CRP， IL-6， TNF-α， renin， Ang Ⅰ， Ang Ⅱ and aldosterone were significantly lower than control group （P＜0.05）. There was no statistical significance in the incidence of adverse drug reactions between 2 groups during treatment （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Alfacalcidol combined with routine therapy of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs could effectively improve liver and renal functions， inhibit inflammation and RAS activity in hypertensive patients with renal impairment， with a favorable safety.