Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of bipolar hemi arthroplasty and PFNA internal fixation for elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fracture.Methods The data of 79 elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fracture in our hospital from Au-gust 2013 to August 2014 were analyzed retrospectively.According to different surgical methods,79 cases were divided into observation group (n =40)and control group(n =39).The observation group were treated by artificially double-acting avascular replacement,and the control group received PFNA internal fixation.The operation time,intraoperatve blood soss,bedridden time,clinical effecacy and complications were recorded and observed.Results The operative time and bed time of observation group were significantly shorter than those of control group, the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05).The total postoperative complication rate of observation group was 20.00%,which was higher than 20.51% of control group,the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).The Harris scores in observation group 3 months and 6 months after surgery were significantly higher than those in control group,the differences were statistically significant(P <0.05).Con-clusion Both artificially double-acting avascular replacement and PFNA internal fixation have a good effect on elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fracture.The artificially double-acting avascular replacement has the advantages of less blood loss,faster recovery and less postoperative complications,which is conducive to improving the quality of life of patients.

ObjectiveTo study the anatomic characteristic of the attachment of medial patellofemoral ligament and its function in patellar stability. MethodsThirty adult cadaver knees were used for anatomic study, and the attachments of medial patellofemoral ligament were observed and measured. Results The femoral attachment of medial patellofemoral ligament was anchored to the bone between the medial femoral epicondyle and the adductor tubercle. The fibers here were thin and narrow, and became thick and wide to the anterior. The patellar attachment was in the superior two-thirds of the medial margin of the patella. The fiber here were the thickest and the widest. Conclusion The anatomic characteristic of the attachment of medial patellofemoral ligament was revealed, providing anatomical bases for surgery.

Objective To provide an anatomic evidence for the double-bundle posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction, the sizes and locations of the attachments of the PCL to the tibia and the femur were measured. Methods We studied 30 cadaveric knees. PCLs were divided into anterolateral and posteromedial bundles to the insertion footprint, and those locations were measured and described. Results The distances from the center of the femoral insertions of the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles to the anterior margin of the medial femoral condyle were (8.52±1.81)mm and (11.63±1.81)mm. The vertical distances from the center of the femoral insertions of the double-bundle to the intercondylar roof were (4.67±0.55)mm and (10.32±1.23) mm. The vertical distances from the tibial insertion of the center of the double-bundle to the plane of the tibial articular surface were (8.43±1.21)mm and (14.52±2.31)mm. The distances from the medial margin of the articular cartilage of the tibial plateau to the center of the tibial insertions of double-bundle were (47.44±6.23)mm and (45.95±6.32)mm. The areas of the insertions of the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles on the femur were (107.12±15.25)mm~2 and (65.35±10.27)mm~2. The areas of the insertions of the double-bundle on the tibia were (50.07±11.33)mm~2and (51.08±10.22)mm~2. Conclusion The anatomic characteristic of the attachment of the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles was revealed, providing anatomical bases for surgery.

Objective To explore the isometry of grafts in PCL(posterior cruciate ligament)double-bundle re-construction under femoral tunnel shifting condition.Method Knee specimens from ten fresh frozen cadavers were used.PCL were divided into anterolateral bundles(ALB)and posteromedial bundles(PMB)to the inser-tion footorint.The anterior,postedor,proximal,distal and central points of the two bundles'femoral attachment site were respectivelyanchored to the middle of the PCL's tibial attachment site by the trial wires.Changes in length of the intra-articular part of the wires were recorded while the knee was flexed from 0°to 120°.Result The length changes in every point were compared.All of the maximal length changes of ALB's proximal,pos-todor points and PMB's proximal points were not greater than 2mm.No significant difference between the length changes of ALB's proximal point and posterior(P=0.864>0.05)was found.Conclusions The femo-ral tunnel for the PCL double-bundle reconstruction should be located as follows:ALB should be at the middle point of upper edge of femoral attachment site(proximal point),while PIVIB at the middle point of femoral attachment site(proximal point).

AIM:This study continuously monitors the hemodynamic changes in conscious and anesthetic rats during rapid ascent to high altitude to investigate whether there is difference between the 2 conditions and discuss the rela-ted underlying mechanism.METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into conscious group, anesthetic group, anesthetic-5000-control ( A-5000-control) group, anesthetic-5000-aminoguanidine ( A-5000-AG) group, conscious-5000-control ( C-5000-control ) group and conscious-5000-aminoguanidine ( C-5000-AG ) group.The rats in anesthetic group and conscious group were kept in a hypobaric chamber, in which the simulated altitude was increased from 2 260 m to 5 000 m at 2 m/s, and the rats in other 4 groups were at 5 000 m.The system arterial pressure ( Psa) , central venous pressure ( CVP) , heart rate ( HR) and breathing rate ( BR) were directly and continuously displayed and digitally recorded by a high-performance data acquisition (PowerLab 16/35, AD Instruments) at 200 Hz.RESULTS: The HR and BR in the conscious rats were higher and MAP was lower than those in the anesthetic rats obviously.A significant decrease in mean arterial pressure ( MAP) in conscious and anesthetic groups was observed following the increase in the altitude levels, and the net decrease in MAP in conscious group was significantly greater.Additionally, HR in the conscious rats was sig-nificantly lower at 5 000 m than that of the initial level.The rats in C-5000-AG group and A-5000-AG group showed a sig-nificant increase in the arterial pressure after the intravenous injection of AG, a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS) , and no marked change of HR and BR was found.CONCLUSION: Blood pressure and HR decrease during rapid ascent to high altitude, while the change of BR is not obvious.The mechanisms of self-safety would be trig-gered in the early stage of hypoxia, which activates iNOS and then leads to a larger number of nitric oxide.Plentiful NO di-astolizes the vessels to improve the ventilation-perfusion mismatch and lower the blood pressure.When the altitude arise to 5 000 m, even more earlier, a decompensatory stage may occur in the body, leading to decreased HR and blood pressure further more than those in the anesthetic rats.Due to the effects of pentobarbital sodium, the depression of blood pressure requires a lag period and the net decrease in MAP is less than that in the conscious rats.Therefore, hemodynamic changes during rapid ascent to high altitude in conscious rats are more comprehensive and authentic.

Objective To study the optimum combination of orientation parameter of total hip prosthesis and acetabular safe zone on condition that the range of motion for activities of daily living (ADL) is fulfilled.Methods A three-dimensional generic parametric and visually kinematic simulation module of THA was developed.Range of motion ( ROM ) of hip flexion ≥ 110°,internal-rotation ≥30° at 90° flexion,extension ≥30° and external rotation ≥40° were defined as the normal criteria for ADL.ROM of hip flexion ≥ 120°,internal-rotation ≥45° at 90° flexion,extension ≥30° and external rotation ≥40° were as the severe criteria.The ranges of changes in general ratios (GRs) of head-neck,femoral neck antevemion ( FNA ),operative inclination (OI) and anteversion (OA) of acetabulur components were 2.0-2.92,0°-30°,10°-60°,and 0°-70° respectively.Within the limits of the upper two activity criteria,the synchronous OA of acetabulur components was calculated with every 5°change in OI of the cup,and the collodiaphyseal angle ( CDD ) was set as 135°.The safe-zone of combination of acetabulur operative anteversion (OA) and inclination (OI) was defined as the area that fulfilled the two mentioned criteria of ROM without cup-neck impingement.All parameters were analyzed by using SAS 6.12 software.Results The safe zone of acetabdar angle rose with the increase of GRs of head-neck and the safe zone of severe criteria was smaller than that of normal criteria.When the CDD angle was 135°,the sum of average aeetabular OA and acetahular OI plus 0.816 times of the FNA equaled to 84.76° innormal criteria; and the sum of average acetabular OA and acetabular OI plus 0.873 times of the FNA equaled to 92.04° in severe criteria.Conclusions A high GR of head-neck greatly increases the size of safe-zone of acetabular angle.The higher demand of ROM of hip joint requires the smaller safe zone of acetabular angle,as can be corrected by increasing the GR of head-neck.The optimum combination between the sum of average acetabular OA and acetabular OI ( Y) plus FA (X)in the normal criteria and severe criteria can be estimated by using the following formulae:Y1 =-0.816X1 + 84.76 (R2 =0.993 ),Y2 =-0.873X2 + 92.04( R2 =0.999) respectively.

Objective To discuss biomechanical mechanism of reconstructed joint capsule ligament stabilizing hip joint by means of three-dimensional finite element analysis.Methods A finite element model of total hip arthroplasty(THA)including ischiofemoral ligament reconstruction was construtted by using finite element analysis software Unigraphics NX 2.0 and SolidWorks 2006 to simulate seated leg crossing and obtain peak resisting moment and range of motion prior to impingement.Results The current form of finite element model was characterized by large deformation multi-body contact,large interfacial sliding and high elasticity and could clearly reflect real anatomy and biomechanical behavior of ischiofemoral ligaments.Compared with model with only metal,model of ischiofemoral ligament reconstruction could reduce the peak polyethylene stress at the impingement site and at the head egress site by typically 17%and 31%respectively,increase peak resisting moment by nearly 57%and provide 2.29-fold stability.Conclusions As a discrete structure within the posterior capsule of the hip joint,the ischiofemoral ligament may be the most important contributor to the mechanical integrity of the posterior stability structure.The joint capsule ligament must be reconstructed in hip arthroplasty.

Objective To analysis the effect of axial loading to ADC value, FA of lumbar intervetebral discs. Methods Forty five patients with low back pain (age range, 25 to 54 years) were evaluated with MR T2WI, MR T1WI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the lumbar spine. Following axial loading with 40% to 50% body weight for 10 minutes, a repeat DTI was performed. DTI were obtained by using an echo-planar imaging ( EPI ) sequence, TE 89 ms, TR 2500 ms, b value of 400 s/mm2,6 noncollinear diffusion directions. Scan time was approximately 4 min 10 s. An isotropic ADC map, FA map and bo map were calculated from DTI sequence. The mean ADC value, FA prior to and following axialloading were analyzed with t test and Rank Sum test. Results Forty five patients with 225 discs were evaluated and 223 discs were included in the study except for 2 calcified discs. The Pfirrmann grading results were as following: 100 Grade Ⅱ , 48 Grade Ⅲ, 59 Grade Ⅳ, and 16 Grade Ⅴ. No significant difference existed in the mean ADC value before [ ( 1666 ± 252 ) × 10-3 mm2/s ] and after [ ( 1662 ± 253 ) ×10 -3 mm2/s ] axial loading ( Z = - 1.363, P ＞ 0.05 ), but the mean FA [ ( 301 ± 104 ) × 10 -3, ( 316 ±112) × 10-3 ] value increased ( Z = - 2.794, P ＜ 0.05 ). The paired-samples t test show that the mean ADC value [ ( 1685 ± 190) × 10-3 mm2/s, ( 1624 ± 180) × 10-3mm2/s] of Grade Ⅲ discs decreased after axial loading, t=3.513, P＜0. 05, Grade Ⅲ, Ⅳdiscs mean FA value [(300±87) ×10-3, (326±87) ×10-3 for Grade Ⅲ and (348 ±67) × 10-3, (351 ± 71 ) × 10-3 for Grade Ⅳ ] increased, t = - 2. 210,- 2.006, P ＜ 0.05. No significant difference existed in Grade Ⅱ , Ⅳ and Ⅴ discs ADC value, all the P ＞0.05. No significant difference existed in Grade Ⅱ and Ⅴ discs FA value, both the P ＞ 0.05. Conclusions Short time axial loading mainly affect the mildly degenerated discs, the ADC value decreases and the disc diffusion ability decreases. No obvious change in ADC value or disc diffusion ability existed in the normal and severely degenerated discs.

Objective:To evaluate the long-term health-related quality of life (QOL) in pediatric patients with acute leukemia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and to analyze potential influence factors.Methods:Patients with acute leukemia aging 8-18 years who received HSCT in the Hematology Oncology Center of Beijing Children′s Hospital from June 2009 to June 2012 with more than 80 months survival postoperatively were recruited.All of them were subjected to a short-term QOL survey in 2013.PedsQL? Transplantation Module 3.0 in Chinese mandarin version was completed.QOL data and influence factors were analyzed.Results:Forty-one patients completed the questionnaires, involving 32 males and 9 females with the mean age of(14.29±2.72) years.The mean scores of overall long-term QOL after HSCT were above 75 (total scores: 100), which was above the average.The age, disease status before transplantation, donor sources, post-transplant complications and the parental education level were the influential factors for the long-term QOL in pediatric patients with acute leukemia at post-HSCT, which could affect a certain dimension in QOL.Conclusions:The overall long-term QOL of pediatric patients with acute leukemia who survived for more than 80 months at post-HSCT is acceptable, which is significantly better than the short-term QOL after 4 months of HSCT.The age, disease status before transplantation, donor sources, post-transplant complications and the education level of parents could affect a certain dimension of QOL.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of erlong zuoci (ELZC) pills and its disassembled prescriptions (Shudi-huang-Zexie group and Zexie group) on the enzymatic activity and protein expression changes of the key apoptosis molecules in the gentamycin injured hair cells.

METHODThe model of gentamycin induced ototoxicity in mice cochlear primary cultures was copied. Cochlear organotypic cultures of postnatal day 3-5 (P3-P5) mice were treated with gentamycin alone or in combination with ELZC pills, Shudihuang-Zexie group or Zexie group respectively. The enzymatic activity of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 was determined by means of fluorescence staining in situ. The protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in the hair cell area was examined by immunofluorescence in normal and treated specimens.

RESULTAverage optical density analysis indicated that, compared to the normal group, 0.03 mmol x L(-1) gentamycin could significantly activate Caspase-9 and Caspase-3, downregulate the ratio of Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression. Compared to the gentamycin model group, ELZC pills significantly inhibited the enzymatic activity of Caspase-9 and upregulated the ratio of Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression, showing inhibition trend toward the enzymatic activity of Caspase-3. Both Shudihuang-Zexie group and Zexie group could effectively inhibit the enzymatic activity of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3, upregulate the ratio of Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression.

CONCLUSIONELZC pills, Shudihuang-Zexie group and Zexie group can effectively protect hair cells from gentamycin by correcting the abnormal changes of the mitochondrion-dependent signal transduction pathway.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Caspase 9 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Gentamicins ; adverse effects ; Hair Cells, Auditory ; cytology ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; metabolism