Objective This study aimed at retrospective analysis of some metastatic breast cancer cases,investigated the recurrence of brain metastases of metastatic breast cancer in patients with risk factors,and provided a reference for the implementation of prevention strategies in the treatment plan and a reasonable choice.Methods A total of 796 breast cancer cases was visited,of whom 456 patients with recurrent metastatic breast cancer,in which 61 patients were with brain metastasis.The follow-up data were analyzed with SPSS13.0 software.x2 was used to test the age,estrogen receptor (ER),progesterone receptor (PR),cerbB-2 expression,lymph node metastasis,and brain metastasis.The COX proportional hazard model was used to analyze the recurrence and metastasis in patients with single-factor,multi-factor analysis,in order to obtain the independent prognostic factors.Results The x2 tests that group age ≤ 35 years,hormone receptor-negative,CerbB-2 (2 +)/(3 +) has a higher risk than another group (x2 =24.92,8.28,4.02,P ＜0.01 orP ＜0.05).COX univariate analysis showed that patient age,tumor size,ER and PR expression,CerbB-2 expression,lung metastases were looked.as the first metastatic site and hormone therapy.Those were significant factors whether the patient suffered from brain metastasis (P ＜ 0.05).COX multivariate analysis showed that age,ER and PR expression,CerbB-2 expression,and lung metastases were looked as the first metastatic site acted as an independent prognostic factor for brain metastasis (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Age,ER and PR expression,CerbB-2 expression,lung metastases as the first metastatic site are the independent prognostic factors for brain metastasis.

Objective To investigate the effects of the combination of tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) and irbesartan on urinary podocyte in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) patients,and to discuss the mechanism of protective effect of TwHF on DKD.Methods A total of 45 type 2 diabetic kidney disease patients were enrolled into this prospective study,and were randomly divided into 3 groups:TwHF treatment group (DT,n =15),irbesartan treatment group (DI,n =15),and TwHF combined with irbesartan treatment group (DTI,n =15).After 6 weeks washout,the 3 groups were given TwHF (1-2 mg · kg-1 ·d-1),irbesartan (150-300 mg/d),and TwHF (1-2 mg · kg-1 · d-1) combined with irbesartan (150-300 mg/d) for 12 weeks respectively.Fifteen healthy volunteers served as controls.Urinary podocytes were identified and quantitated by immunofluorescence staining of urinary sediments labeled by monoclonal antibody podocalyxin.In addition,we studied urinary connective tissue growth factor (CTGF),osteopontin (OPN) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) concentrations in DKD patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Urinary detached podocytes were obviously higher in the urine of DKD patients than in healthy controls (P ＜0.01).Podocyte detection rate was 86.6％ in the urine of DKD patients.The protein expressions of CTGF,OPN and TGFβ1 in patients with urinary podocyte were significantly increased than those without urinary podocyte (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Correlation analysis showed that there was positive correlation between urinary protein excretion and urinary podocytes (r =0.79,P ＜ 0.01) and there were positive correlations between the number of urinary podocytes and urinary protein expressions of CTGF,OPN and TGFβ1 (r =0.56,0.41,0.44,respectively,all P values ＜ 0.01).Urinary albumin excretion and urinary podocytes were significantly decreased in all treatment groups (P ＜ 0.01),simultaneously,urinary concentrations of CTGF,OPN and TGFβ1 were reduced in all groups at week 12 after intervention of TwHF,irbesartan and TwHF combined with irbesartan (P ＜ 0.01),and these changes were more distinguished in combined treatment group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Urinary podocyte in the urine may be suggested to be an early effective marker of disease activity in DKD.TwHF may be effective to prevent podocyte injury in DKD,which may be mediated,at least partly,by down-regulating the expression of CTGF,OPN and TGFβ1.There is a synergistic protective effect of TwHF combined with irbesartan on podocyte injury in DKD patients.

Novel method of enantioseparation of ofloxacin by capillary electrophoresis with capactively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C~4D) using binary chiral selectors,hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ( HP-β-CD and HPMC) ,was developed. The enantiomers of ofloxacin were baseline separated with an uncoated fused-silica capillary(45 cm×50 m i. d. ,L_(effi) = 40 cm)under the optimum separate conditions, 20 mmol/L HAc +6 mmol/L NaAc + 12 mg/L HPMC +35 mmol/L HP-β-CD,separation voltage +13 kV,electrokinetic injection 11 kV×10 s. The calibration curve of the enantiomers showed good linearity in the range from 0. 8 mg/L to 40 mg/L with LOD =0. 3 mg/L. Effects of several factors on resolutions,such as the composition of the running buffer,the pH value,separation voltage,injection method and the parameters of C~4D detector,were investigated. The efficacy of the HP-β-CD and HPMC were discussed. The proposed method has been successfully applied to monitor the enantiomer of ofloxacin contents in the commercial Ofloacin Tablets and Levofloxacin Hydrochloride Tablets,and was demonstrated simple,rapid and reproducible.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of SalB on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) apoptosis induced by hypoxia and serum deprivation (hypoxia/SD) in the vitro. Methods BMSCs were cultured in the vitro and randomly divided into control group, hypoxia/SD group and SalB group.SalB group was composed by four groups and were pretreated by complete medium with 0.1、 1、 10、 100 mg/L SalB for 1 hour. And after that they were washed with phosphate buffer for 2 times, added by IMDM with 0.1、1、 10、 100 mg/L SalB and cultured with hypoxia/SD group together in the same condition of hypoxia/SD for 6hours. The control group was cultured for 6 hours in the condition of aerobic and enough serum. Apoptosis was detected by Hoechst33342 staining with inverted phase contrast, fluorescence microscope and Annexin V/PI dual-color flow cytometry. Results Significant apoptosis of BMSCs was induced by hypoxia/SD in the vitro.The early apoptosis of BMSCs induced by hypoxia/SD was significantly decreased by SalB of 0.1、 1、 10 mg/L(P＜0.05) . Conclusion0.1、 1、 10 mg/L SalB can decrease the early apoptosis of BMSCs induced by hypoxia/SD.

HBx gene is a multifunctional regulator,which has extensive trans-activating effects,and can activate transcription factors,inhibit DNA repair and regulate cell proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis.In recent years,the role of HBx gene in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus-associated glomemlonephritis (HBV-GN) has been extensively studied,and the results show that HBx can promote glomerular mesangial cell proliferation,and induce damage or apoptosis of podocytes and renal tubular epithelial cells.This paper reviews the research progress on biological characteristics of HBx and its role in pathogenesis of HBV-GN.

Objective To characterize the growth curve of Brucella in Bact/Alert blood culture system which may be helpful to predict the growth of Brucella strain for earlier clinical diagnosis of brucellosis.Methods The epidemiological,clinical and labo-ratory data including growth curve of Brucella were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively for 15 cases of brucellosis as con-firmed by positive serological test and brucellosis agglutination test.Results All the 15 patients had irregular fever and history of animal exposure,even though their clinical feature and signs varied greatly.The growth curve of Brucella in blood culture showed the same chracteristics in the 15 patients,including:the time to positive alarm was about 72 hours,a longer lag phase, shorter logarithmic phase,a shorter vertical axis corresponding to the logarithmic phase,and a flat stable phase.Conclusions The clinical manifestation of brucellosis is variable and non-specific.Lack of awareness of this disease makes the clinicians mis-diagnose it easily.Therefore,blood culture is critical for clarifying the etiology in febrile patients.The growth curve of bacteria during blood culture is useful for early diagnosis of brucellosis and prevention of laboratory infections.

Objective To investigate the echocardiographic features of complete transposition of the great arteries (TGA)in fetuses.Methods Prenatal echocardiographic data of 9 fetuses diagnosed as TGA by autopsy or postnatal echocardiography during January 2010 to January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.Results All of 9 fetuses showed normal cardiac axis and atrioventricular connection on four-chamber view.Eight of them showed the baby bird's beak sign on left ventricular outflow tract view.On left and right ventricular outflow tracts view,the two great arteries were parallel in 8 fetuses.Totally 6 fetuses showed just 2 vessels on three vessels and tracheal (3VT) view.On aortic arch view,the radian of aortic arch had increased in different degrees in 7 fetuses.There were 4 fetuses with ventricular septal defect observed by both of four-chamber and left ventricular outflow tract views.Conclusion The echocardiographic features of fetuses with TGA are characteristic in left ventricular outflow tract,left and right ventricular outflow tracts,3VT and aortic arch views,including baby bird's beak sign,2 great arteries' parallel relations,only 2 vessels on 3VT view,and increased radian of aortic arch.Of these features,baby bird's beak sign is the most common.

Objective Cellular response to estradiol is mediated both by estrogen receptor (ER) binding to estrogen response element (ERE) and by non-nuclear actions like activation of signal transduction pathways such as mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. However, the signal transduction of estrogen involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K -PKB) is not clear in endometrial carcinoma. Our purpose was to study if PI3K-PKB signaling pathway could be activated rapidly by 17?-E 2 through non-nuclear action and also, whether PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, could inhibit such non-nuclear action of 17?-E 2 in endometrial carcinoma cell line Ishikawa. Methods Levels of phosphorylated PKB(Ser473 site, p-PKB) and total PKB were examined by western blotting in Ishikawa cells after stimulation with 17?-E 2 at 1?10 -6 mol/L for different time periods and at varied doses for 30 min. Optimal time and appropriate dose for 17?-E 2 to activate PKB in Ishikawa cells were observed. Inhibitory effect of LY294002 on activation of PKB induced by 17?-E 2 was also studied. p-PKB/PKB ratio was used to indicate levels of activation of PKB. Results p-PKB/PKB at 15 min (0.533?0.029) was significantly higher than the control (0.361?0.029, P 0.05, 0.05,

Objective To detect the effect and mechanism of Cyr61 on the apoptosis of renal tissue caused by early stage of ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods 30 SD rats were randomized into 5 groups, including control group, AKI group, AKI+bicarbonate group, AKI+blank virus group, and AKI+over?expression Cyr61 virus group. After animal models were created for 2h, serum and renal tissue were collected from sacrificed animals. Expression level of TNF?α was determined by ELISA. HE staining was used to observe the histologic changes of renal tissues. The levels of NF?κB p65 and TNFR1 were measured by immunohistochemical method. RT?PCR and Western blotting assay were adopted to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of NF?κB p65, TNFR1 and Caspase3. Results Compared with control group, AKI group, AKI+bicarbonate group, AKI+blank virus group, AKI+over?expression Cyr61 virus group had obvious kidney injury. The levels of TNF?α, the mRNA and protein expression levels of NF?κB p65, TNFR1 and caspase3 were markedly up?regulated. Over?expression of Cyr61 significantly attenuated the degree of pathological injury, numbers of apoptotic renal tubular epithelial cells and increased the degree of Scr. Although compared with other groups, the level of TNF?α in kidney tissue had no difference, there was obvious decreased protein level of NF?κB p65, while the increase of TNFR1 and Caspase3 protein was moderate. Conclusions During the early stage of AKI, over expression of Cyr61 could inhibit apoptosis, which may be related to the suppression of TNFR1 transcriptional expression and interference of TNF?αpathway. Its underlying mechanism therefore deserves further research.

Objective To investigate the value of urinary trehalase (T) in patients with renal proximal tubular damage.Methods 134 patients with kidney disease (male:66 female:68 age:18-59 ; 31cases with acute renal failure,30 cases with chronic renal failure,20 cases with drug-induced renal impairment,21 cases with renal transplantation and 32 cases with nephritic syndrome) and 101 healthy controls (58 males and 43 females) were selected.Urinary T,N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAG),β2-MG,gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were detected.Data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5,including nonparametric rank test,ROC analysis.Results The level of urinary trehalase in control group was normally distributed (7.1 ± 4.1) μmol/h · g Cr (0-25 μmol/h · g Cr).There was no significant difference between men and women (t =0.63,P =0.53).Urinary T levels were significant higher in all kidney disease groups than in control group (Z =6.80,5.90,5.23,6.00,8.04,P ＜0.01).According to ROC curve,the area of urinary T under the ROC curve (AUC) in 134 patients was 0.9,significantly different with NAG,β2-MG,GGT area (P ＜ 0.01),the AUCs of T were 0.94,0.85,0.90,0.90,0.91 in acute and chronic renal failure group,drug-induced renal impairment group,renal transplantation group and nephritic syndrome group,respectively; Youden index were 0.85,0.65,0.77,0.66,0.72 respectively.Corresponding to the Youden index,sensitivity and specificity were 90.3％ and 95.1％,73.3％ and 92.1％,85.0％ and 92.1％,81.0％ and 85.2％,87.5％ and 84.2％ respectively.Conclusions The Urinary trehalase is better than other markers in the diagnosis of the proximal renal tubular damage.It was better to evaluate the proximal tubular function early in time.The diagnostic value of urinary trehalase played a key role in diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of kidney diseases.