Objective To observe the effect of intranasal dexmedetomidine on total intravenous anesthesia for thyroid surgery postoperative analgesia.Methods Sixty female patients who were undergoing elective thyroid surgery were enrolled.Patients by total intravenous anesthesia were randomized in mechanical sampling method to receive intranasal dexmedetomidine 1 μ g/kg (group Ⅰ,30 cases),or the same volume sodium chloride (group Ⅱ,30 cases) before anesthesia induction,then flurbiprofen 100 mg intravenous 10 min before surgery.The postoperative surgical pain was assessed utilizing visual analogue scale (VAS),and the postoperative pain of cough was assessed by comfort score (BCS) at 1,2,4,6,8,12,24 h after surgery,in addition,the adverse reactions were recorded.Results The VAS scores at 1,2,4,6,8,12 h in group Ⅰ were lower than those in group Ⅱ,and there were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The BCS scores at 1,2,4,6,8 h in group Ⅰ were higher than those in group Ⅱ,and there were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The nausea and dizziness morbidity in group Ⅰ were lower than those in group Ⅱ (8 cases vs.14 cases,6 cases vs.14 cases),and there were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Eight patients were required supplemental analgesic within 12 h after surgery in group Ⅱ,which was more than that in group Ⅰ (0 case),and there was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Receive total intravenous anesthesia for thyroid surgery,the patients who are given intranasal dexmedetomidine 1 μ g/kg combined with flurbipmfen can reach satisfactory postoperative analgesia,decrease the nausea and dizziness morbidity,increase the comfortable degree.

Objective To establish the islet ? cell rat model by the ? cell-deleting technology.Methods Tweenty-four normal male SD rats and 12 weeks old were randomly divided into 3 groups,i.e,a normal diet group(NC,n=8),the model group 1(M1,n=8),and the model group 2(M2,n=8).The rats in M1 and M2 group were injected with 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg of streptozocin respectively.Five days later,the rats were sacrificed.The level of insulin(Ins)and Glucagon(Glc)in the pancreatic homogenate was measured.The tail of pancreas were obtained and fixed by Bolins liquid.Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of Ins and Glc in islet cells.Quantitative analysis was executed by image analyzer.Results Compared with the NC group,the total pancreas island areas of beta-cell deleting rats,M1 group and M2 group,are approximately 1/7 of normal control rats.Moreover,the percentages of beta-cell areas from total pancreas island areas decreased from 74.3% down to 5.4% and 5.2%,respectively.The Ins content in pancreas tissue homogenate of beta-cell deleting rats does not reach 3% of normal ones,While the Glc content unexpectedly increases.Less alpha cells distinguished by Glc positive dying through Immunohistochemistry are observed at periphery of pancreas islands of NC group.With beta cellsdeletion,the aggregation of alpha cells from periphery to centre of pancreas islands is found in M1 and M2 groups.Furthermore,the percentages of alpha cells area from total pancreas island areas are promoted from 16.4% to 76.5%、74.4%,respectively.Conclusion The islet ? cell rat model was established by injecting large dose STZ(100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg).

Objective To investigate the changes of peripheral insulin resistance after lipid infusion and the effect of N-acetylcystein(NAC) intervention.Methods Thirty-seven normal male SD rats,eight weeks old,were randomly divided into three groups,FFA group,NS group and NAC group(using into NAC 300 mg/(kg?d) two weeks before infusion).Catheters were implanted into right atrium via the jugular vein and left carotid artery.A technique for a 48-h infusion in unrestrained rats was used for triglyceride and heparin or saline infusion.The infusion period started on day 2 after surgery.48-h after infusion,we determined free fat acid(FFA),nitrotyrosine,malonaldehyde(MDA),reduced glutathione hormone(GSH) level in plasma.The glucose infusion rat(GIR) was measured by hyperinsulinemia euglycemic clamp to evaluated the perpherial insulin resistance.The expressions of IRS-1,IRS-2 gene in muscle were detected by real time PCR.Results(1)The FFA,nitrotyrosine and MDA con-centrations in FFA group were higher than that in NS group,but GSH level in plasma was lower.NAC intervention could reverse these effects.(2)GIR was decreased significantly in FFA group as compared with NS group[(8.34?1.8)mg/(min?kg)] vs[(13.56?1.7)mg/(min?kg)],(P

Pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) activation in islet fibrosis of insulin-resistant rats induced by high-fat diet was investigated. After 20 weeks, the glucose infusion rate and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in high-fat group were significantly decreased while fasting plasma glucose, fasting serum insulin, free fatty acid and the basal glucagon secretion were significantly increased compared with those parameters of the control rats (P< 0.05 or P<0.01). Activated PSC and collagen fiber ( type Ⅰ and Ⅲ) were found in islets of rats fed with high-fat. The result suggests that PSC activation, proliferation and migration to islet may contribute to islet fibrosis in insulin-resistant rats.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic features of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinomas. MethodsThe diagnosis and treatment results of 45 cases were studied, and clinicopathologic features and immunohistochemical expressions of NSE, Syn and CgA were detected.ResultsMicroscopically carcinomas were divided into three types: type Ⅰ(25 cases), type Ⅱ(10 cases) and type Ⅲ(10 cases). The histologic categories were correlated with lymph node metastasis significantly( P0.05). The 5-year survival rate for type Ⅰ, type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ was 70%, 65% and 52%, respectively.ConclusionsThe combination of NSE, Syn and CgA immunohistochemical stainnig is necessary for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinomas. The histologic classification is coincident with the requirement of clinical treatment and prognosis.