Objective To identify nurses' practice of 5A's smoking cessation intervention in clinical settings of Beijing.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 248 nurses by convenient sampling.The questionnaire included the frequency of nurses' practice of 5A's intervention and its influencing factors,nurses' self evaluation of competency,and tobacco-related curricula in school of nursing.Results Most nurses implemented “advice” and “evaluated the patients' smoking history and current status” more frequently,but nurses' practice of other interventions was dissatisfactory.The belief that smokers could benefit from quitting was facilitating,however the barriers included no motivations to quit smoking,heavy work,and the belief that helping smokers to quit is not the priority in nursing routine.The nurses got insufficient knowledge about smoking cessation through school education and in-service training (12.8％).Conclusions There's a big gap between the implementation of nurses' smoking cessation intervention,accepted smoking cessation education,smoking cessation intervention competency and the urgent demands to help patients quit smoking.

Purpose:To study the clinical significance and hematologic features of CD56 + Acute Myeloid Leukemia(AML). Methods:The expression of differentiation antigens on the acute myeloid leukemia cells were detected by flow cytometry(FCM);the Epstein-Barr Virus(EBV) mRNA in CD56 + AML leukemic cells by Rt-PCR assay;the ultrastructure of the CD56 + AML leukemia cells were showed by electron microscope and immuno-electron-microscope. The hematologic features and clinical characteristics at the first visit retrospectively analysed as well as the effect of chemotherapy.Results:CD56 expression rate in AML was 30.62%(79/258).EBV-mRNA were negative in all CD56 + AML cells detected.The ultrastructural characteristics showed 1-2 masses floccose objects in nucleus of CD56 + AML leukemic cells,CD56 expression had no correlation with age,sex,WBC,Hb,BPC,Leukemic cell count in BM,CR rate and CR duration(P value is 0.128,0.877,0.181,0.866,0.629,0.407,0.998 and 0.096,respectively),but there was correlation with higher extramedullary involvement(77.78% v 61.11%,P=0.019)?higher expression of CD34 (66.67% v 46.48%,P=0.03),higher expression of P170(51.79% v 34.94%,P=0.048) and shorter survival(Median,11.5 months v 18 months,P=0.0478). Conclusions:AML was a specific subtype of AML,with a poor prognosis.It may be useful to have more detailed classification with appropriate therapy for this subtype.

Objective To study the clinical features of thyroid carcinoma and to explore the approach of early diagnosis for the disease.Methods The data of patients with thyroid carcinoma confirmed by pathology during January of 1999 to January of 2005 in the First Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University were retrospectively reviewed,including clinical appearance,thyroid ultrasonography and radioisotope scanning.Results One hundred and twenty-seven consecutive patients,30 males and 97 females,mean age(48.9?13.6)years,were diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma by surgery and pathology.A total of 127 cases of thyroid carcinoma were included,which were 105 papillary thyroid carcinomas,14 follicular thyroid carcinomas,2 undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas and 6 medullary thyroid carcinomas.Thyroid ultrasonography findings showed the majority(85.1%)thyroid nodules were low echo nodules and the proportions of solid and mixed nodules were 81.8%and 17.4%,respectively.The proportion of cold nodules was 88.9% by radioisotope scanning.Mean values of serum triiodothyronine,thyroxine and thyrotropin were all within the normal range.Conclusion In the present study the thyroid carcinomas are predominant in females and the incidence of papillary thyroid carcinomas is very high.The diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma can not just depend on findings of ultrasonography,radioisotope scanning and serum thyroid hormone.

This paper presents a design scheme of automated control system in sickroom. With the display unit controlled by 89C52 SCM, the main station checks up and measures the signals of the slave station, and the slave station regulates the height of the transfusion bottle through the step motor, then the transfusion velocity is adjusted. Relative experiments and data analyses are also performed.

A fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric method to predict and detect the antioxidant ability of phenolic compounds was developed to accelerate the pace of finding the antioxidant with higher effect and low toxicity. The effect of experimental conditions on the relative peak intensity ratio of M+· ion to [ M+H]+ion in the FAB mass spectra of the compound was investigated, including matrix, scan time and concentration. The correlation of antioxidant activity with the I ( M+· )/I ( [ M+H ]+) value of flavonoids obtained in FAB mass spectra was studied. Then the antioxidant activity of 12 phenolic compounds was predicted using the above method and the results were compared with those obtained from thiobarbituric acid ( TBA) method. The results show that the I( M+· )/I( [ M+H]+) value of the phenolic compound obtained from FAB mass spectra could reflect their antioxidant activity, which could help to accelerate the development of the antioxidant drug.

Objective To explore imaging manifestations of hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEH). Methods CT and MR images in 14 patients with HEH proven by histopathology were retrospectively analyzed. Plain and two-phase contrast-enhanced CT scan were performed in 5 cases, non-contrast and multiphase contrast-enhanced MR scan were performed in 7 cases, CT and MRI were both performed in 2 cases. Characteristics of CT and MR T2WI images were classified and analyzed. All lesions were classified into three types:multiple, diffuse and solitary form. Results (1) Multiple form of HEH:228 lesions were found in 11 patients, including 178 lesions on MRI and 50 lesions on CT. On T2WI, three or two layered-target-signs with hyperintensity core were found in 79.2% (141/178) of the lesions. Three layer-target-sign included hyperintensity core, hypointensity rim and slightly high signal halo from the inside out. Two layer-target-sign included hyperintensity core and slightly high signal halo from the inside out. Characteristics of dynamic contrast-enhanced scan included peripheral two or three layered-rim-like enhancement in 66.3%( 118/178) of the lesions;peripheral, gradual rim-like enhancement with enhanced core in 27.0%( 48/178) of the lesions;heterogeneously mild enhancement in 2.2%( 4/178) of the lesions;centripetal enhancement in 4.5%( 8/178) of the lesions. Fifty lesions were found in CT, which showed low density nodules or masses with clear margins. Two-layered-black-target sign were found in 42 lesions in contrast-enhanced images, white-target sign were found in 3 cases, and centripetal enhancement was found in 5 cases. (2) Diffuse form of HEH:in one of the two cases of this type, the lesions could not be separated from normal liver parenchyma, gradual enhancements were found along with the vessels in the center of the lesions. (3) Solitary form of HEH: one case, the lesion showed heterogeneous density in non-contrast CT images and gradual enhancement in contrast-enhanced images. Conclusions We found some imaging characteristics of HEH. Two or three layered-target-sign on T2WI and black-target sign, white-target sign on contrast-enhanced images were unique imaging features of HEH.

Objective To identify the effects of different release paths on public dose in the aftermath of a NPP accident.Methods RASCAL4.3 software was used to simulate the source terms of PWR NPPs and the characteristics of dose distribution in different release path scenarios of long term station blackout (LTSBO) accident.Results It had been shown that radioactivity was the highest in Scenario 2,which was the release path for releases of radionuclides into the environment due to steam generator tube rupture.Radioactivity was the lowest in Scenario 1,which was the release path for radionuclides to be released into the environment in the case of containment leakage or failure.TEDE dose was mainly distributed in the region within 40 km of the release point in different scearios.TEDE dose in the most sectors within 80 km was low than 10 mSv in Scenario 1,which was the release path via containment in containment leakage or failure and in Scenario 3,which was the release path by containment bypass.It was greater than 50 mSv in Scenario 2,which was the release path due to steam generator tube rupture.Conclusions For the environmental impact assessment,it should be paid more attention to the fact that the public health impact imposed by radionuclide release into the environment via the release path due to steam generator tube rupture in the aftermath of LTSBO accident at a NPP.

Objective To prove the mechanism of diethylstibestrol(DES) induced abnormal spermatogenesis,this study on the changes of proto-oncogenes bcl-2 and p53 proteins as well as cadherin adherens molecules expression in adult male hamster spermatogenic cells. Methods Adult male golden hamsters were treated daily olive oil vehicle either alone(control)or containing 1 mg/kg body weight of DES (experiment)by subcutaneous injection for 7 days.The changes of testes histological morphology were observed under light and electron microscope.The expressions of bcl-2 and p53 and cadherin in the testes seminiferous epithelium were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results DES induced adult hamster testes abnormal spermatogenesis.As compared to the control group animals,in DES-treated group animals the expression of both bcl-2 and p53 significantly increased in spermatogenic cells,especially in spermatocytes and round spermatids.However,the expression of cadherin adherens molecules obviously decreased.Conclusion It is one of reasons of DES inducing abnormal spermatogenesis that DES can result in increasing in the expression of proto-oncogenes bcl-2 and p53,and reducing cadherin adherens molecules expression.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of preventing islet β-cell apoptosis in NOD mice with pioglitazone.Methods Female NOD mice at 4 weeks of age were divided into pioglitazone group ( n =21,0.02％pioglitazone was added into the feed ) and control group ( n =21,fed with regular diet).The accumulative incidence of diabetes was followed-up to 52 weeks of age in each group of NOD mice.Pancreas was removed from NOD mice at 12 weeks of age in each group ( n =15 ) to score severity of insulitis by routine H-E staining.The apoptotic β-cells in islets were observed with double-labeling technique of TUNEL in situ combined with standard sensitive avidin-biotin complex (sABC) immunohistochemical method.The spleens were taken for cell culture; IL-4 and IFN-γ levels in sera and supernatants of cultured splenocyte,the activity of PPARγ and NF-κB nuclear proteins in cultured splenocyte were measured by ELISA.Results (1)At 30 and 52 weeks of age,the respective incidences of diabetes were 57.1％ and 76.2％ in pioglitazone group,and 76.2％ and 90.5％ in control group ( all P＞0.05 ).At 15 weeks of age,the incidence became 4.8％ in pioglitazone group,and 33.3 ％ in control group ( P =0.045 ).( 2 ) At 12 weeks of age,the percentages of non infiltrated islet and peri-insulitis islet in pioglitazone group were higher than those in control group ( 14.73％ vs 5.69％,P＜0.01 ; and 26.02％ vs 15.72％,P＜0.01 ),and that of intraislet insulitis was lower than that in control group ( 59.25％ vs 78.59％,P＜0.01 ).The percentage of apoptotic β-cell in pioglitazone group was lower than that in control group( 6.17％ ±3.62％ vs 10.62％ ±4.43％,P=0.008 ).(3) In sera,IFN-γ level in pioglitazone group was lower than that in control group [( 561.05±78.61 ) vs ( 666.43 ± 28.42 ) pg/ml,P =0.045].In cultured splenocyte supernatant,the level of IFN-γ in pioglitazone group was lower than that in control group[(605.84+65.60) vs (692.20+44.98) pg/ml,P=0.041].(4) In cultured splenocyte,PPARγ nuclear protein activity in pioglitazone group was higher than that in control group ( 0.06 ± 0.01 vs 0.03 ± 0.01,P =0.013 ),and NF-κB nuclear protein activity was lower than that in control group ( 0.03 ± 0.01 vs 0.08± 0.01,P =0.001 ).Conclusions Pioglitazone activates PPARγ nuclear protein,inhibits activity of NF-κB nuclear protein,downregulates IFN-γ,diminishes differeutiation of Th cells to Th1,and subsequently prevents insulitis and β-cell apoptosis in NOD mice.