The separation of teaching and test is not only important in improving teaching quality but also effective to the prevention of cheating in the exams,the improvement of the quality of exams and the correct checkout of the teaching effect.

BACKGROUND:Numerous studies have confirmed that neovascularization plays an important role in the growth, invasion and metastasis of tumors. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the features of CD133+ ovarian cancer stem-like cels differentiating into vascular endothelial cels. METHODS:CD133+ ovarian cancer stem-like cels were successfuly harvested from A2780 ovarian cancer cel lines using serum-free culture method, and incubatedin vitro onto 96-wel plates with or without Matrigel. Then, we observed the capacity of CD133+ ovarian cancer stem-like cels and human umbilical vein endothelial cels to form tube-like structures at different time points. Through xenograft experiments, the role of CD133+ ovarian cancer stem-like cels in the angiogenesis of ovarian cancer was observed using immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:CD133+ovarian cancer stem-like cels and human umbilical vein endothelial cels cultured with no Matrigel had no corresponding lumen formation, and could not express CD31. But those cultured with Matrigel had lumen formation and expressed CD31 significantly. After tumor formation, human-derived CD31 expression was observed in the tumors. These findings indicate that CD133+ ovarian cancer stem-like cels can differentiate into vascular endothelial cels, and be involved in tumor revascularization.

Objective To study the cytotoxic activity of Chinese compound prescription (Xiaozheng Yiliu Decoction) combined with cisplatin on human ovarian cancer OVCAR/DDP cells and its molecular mechanism. Methods The xenograft model was established by injection of OVCAR/DDP cells. Forty nude mice were randomly allocated into four groupsincluding control group, cisplatin treatment group, low-dose Xiaozheng Yiliu plus cisplatin treatment group,and high-dose Xiaozheng Yiliu plus cisplatin treatment group.The apoptosis was determined by TUNEL analysis.The survivin expression was detected by RT-PCR analysis.Results The inhibit rates in cisplatin treatment group, low-dose Xiaozheng Yiliu plus cisplatin treatment group,and high-dose Xiaozheng Yiliu plus cisplatin treatment group,were(5.56±1.14) ％,(18.42±7.73) ％,and (31.59±12.58) ％,respectively,and there were significant differences among the groups(F=8.64,P＜0.01 ).The TUNEL analysis showed that the percentages of cell apoptosis were(2.35±1.04) ％,(4.56±1.61) ％,(12.42±3.68) ％,(21.59±5.17) ％ in four different groups,respectively.After treated by Xiaozheng Yiliu Decoction,the mRNA expression of survivin was found to be down-regulated by RT-PCR analysis. Conclusion Xiaozheng Yiliu Decoction could iucrease the cytotoxic activity of cisplatin on ovarian cancer OVCAR/DDP cells, which may be related to the down-regulation of survivin gene expression.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) in the eminence lesions of gastrointestinal tract.Methods The clinical data of 420 patients with gastrointestinal eminence lesions subsequently received EUS were analyzed.Results In 420 cases,235 cases lesions were located in the stomach,129 cases in the esophagus,29 cases in the duodenum and 27 cases in the colon.Occurred in the wall itself of the digestive tract lesions was 85.00％ (357/420),and 73.10 ％(307/420) of submucosal neoplasm,and gastrointestinal stromal tumor,leiomyoma or leiomyosarcoma was seen [60.24％ (253/420)].Lesions was not found in the digestive tract wall external oppression and lesions accounted for 14.52％(61/420),external lesions and infiltrated digestive tract was 0.48％(2/420).Conclusions EUS is an ideal diagnostic modality in distinguishing different layers of the wall of the gastrointestinal tract,and thus of important value in precise localization of lesions beneath the mucosa.And be able to hint the nature of the lesion.Meanwhile,this may be associated with colonic mucous membrane structure.

Purpose To investigate CT and MRI manifestations of renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusions (abbreviation as Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma).Materials and Methods Eighteen cases of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed.Ten patients underwent CT scans,2 of them had unenhanced CT and 8 of them had pre-and post-contrast CT scan.Fourteen cases underwent plain and multi-phase contrast MRI scan,including 2 cases with unenhanced CT and 4 cases with pre-and post-contrast CT scan.The location,size,shape,density/signal,blood supply and the enhancement of the Xpl 1.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma were analyzed.Results All of the 18 tumors located in the corticomedullary with 17 solid lesions and 1 cystic lesion.The mean maximum diameter of the tumor was (4.6±2.0) cm.Thirteen lesions were circular or oval and 5 were irregularly or lobulated lesions.Ten lesions showed slightly high or high density on unenhanced CT,and the average CT value was (50.6± 11.5) HU,in which 4 lesions showed calcification.Among 8 cases of enhanced CT,1 lesion showed abundant blood supply,while 7 lesions showed lack of blood supply.Fourteen cases of MRI scan exhibited various imaging features with short T1 and T2 signal,and the persistent enhancement in the medullary phase.The MRI findings were further divided into 3 types according to the signal intensity and blood supply except 1 cystic lesion:① 5 lesions predominantly with short T1 and T2 signal were lack of blood supply;② 4 lesions predominantly with slightly longer T1 and T2 signal were abundant blood supply;③ 4 lesions predominantly with equal T1 and T2 signal were relatively lack of blood supply.Conclusion The CT and MRI features of Xpl 1.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma had certain manifestations:slightly high or high density nodule or mass located in corticomedullary on pre-contrast CT scan,various signal intensity with short T1 and T2 signal on MRI,and the persistent enhancement in the medullary phase.These image features combined with clinical data are helpful for diagnosis.

Objective To observe the effects of Hedysari Polysaccharide (HPS) on the expressions of TSP-1 and PDGF-B in the retina of diabetic rats;To discuss the protective effect and possible mechanism on diabetic retinopathy. Methods The diabetic model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. 50 male SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:model group, calcium dobesilate group, and HPS high-, medium-, and low-dose group, extra 10 rats were set as the normal group, 10 rats in each group. Each administration group was given relevant medicine for gavage, while model group and normal control group were given same amount NS for gavage, once a day for 8 weeks. The mRNA and protein expression of TSP-1 and PDGF-B were detected by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The retinal structure was observed by HE staining. Results HE staining showed that each layer of the retina of the model group was clear and complete, but the outer nucleus layer became looser, thinner and more disorderly, and the number of ganglion cells decreased slightly; the administration groups were improved markedly compared with the model group. Compared with the normal control group, the mRNA level and protein expression of retina TSP-1 on the model group dramatically dropped (P<0.01), and those of PDGF-B strikingly increased (P<0.01);Compared with the model group, the mRNA level and protein expression of retina TSP-1 on alladministration groups rose (P<0.05, P<0.01), and those of PDGF-B went down (P<0.01); Compared with all other administration groups, there was statistical significance in the mRNA level and protein expression of retina TSP-1 and PDGF-B on HPS high-dose group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion HPS may prevent the angiogenesis and proliferation in diabetic retinopathy process through adjusting the content of TSP-1 and PDGF-B in retina of diabetic rats so as to protect the retina.

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Objective To investigate MRI features of metanephric adenoma(MA). Methods The retrospective analysis was performed on 6 adult patients that were scanned by regular, DWI and dynamic-enhancement MRI two weeks before surgery and diagnosed with MA pathologically after surgery. MRI features of lesions were observed. The signal intensities of lesions and contralateral normal renal cortex and medulla were respectively measured in plain scan, cortex, parenchyma and delayed phase. The enhancement magnitudes were calculated and the ADC values of lesions were measured. The differences of the signal intensity and enhancement magnitude were assessed by paired-sample t test among renal cotex, medulla and lesions. Results All lesions in MA were single and solid masses. Four cases occurred in the right kidney and two cases in the left kidney. The maximum diameters of the lesions ranged from 21 to 79 mm and the mean value was(41 ± 20)mm. Five cases were round or oval, while one case was irregular. The signal intensity in five cases was slightly lower in T2WI than the renal parenchyma, while one case was slightly higher than the renal parenchyma. The hyperintentsity of DWI and hypointensity of ADC were seen in all cases. The mean ADC value was(0.759 ± 0.211) × 10-3mm2/s. Hemorrhage were seen in two cases. Necrosis was present in one case and the capsules were seen in two cases. No scar, fat and swollen lymph nodes was seen in all cases . There was no statistical significance of the signal intensity between lesions measure in the plain scan and normal renal parenchyma(P>0.05). After adminstrating contrast materials, all lesions shown persistently mild to moderate enhancement . The siganl intensities of lesions measured in three phases after enhancement were signifcantly lower than those of the renal cortex(P<0.05). No significant differences of the signal intensity measured in cortex and medulla phase between lesions and normal renal medulla was present(P>0.05). But the signal intensities of leisons in delayed phases were significantly lower than thoseof renal medulla(P<0.05). Except from the difference of enhanced magnitude in cortex phase between lesions and normal medulla, significant differences were present between leisons and normal renal parenchyma(P<0.05). Conclusion MRI manifestations of MA show certain distinction, including, dominantly solid lesions, relatively lower signal intensity of lesions than that of renal cortex, slowly persistent enhancement, high signal on DWI and low signal on ADC.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (CEBPA) mutations.Methods 208 patients with de novo AML were retrospectively analyzed with regard to frequency of CEBPA mutations,clinical characteristics,therapeutic response and long-term outcome.Results CEBPA mutations were detected in 37 patients (17.8 ％),with 29 cases of double mutations and 8 cases of single mutation.In 117 cases of patients with normal karyotype,28 cases (23.9 ％) were detected with CEBPA mutations.As compared with no CEBPA mutation,the following characteristics were observed in patients with CEBPA double mutations.Presented with younger age at diagnosis,82.8 ％ (24/29) of the patients were M1 and M2.Presented with higher peripheral white blood cell count,higher hemoglob in and low platelet count.And increases of CD7,CD34 and HLA-DR expression.Compared with those without mutation,patients with biCEBPA mutations had better overall survival (OS) (2-years OS:100 ％ vs 75.1％,P =0.045).Conclusion BiCEBPA mutation is one of the favorable prognosis indicators.

Aim To determine the effective compo-nents of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae for sedative-hypnotic and its mechanism. Methods The extraction of Se-men Ziziphi Spinosae and the rat brain homogenates were prepared. High concentrations of Diazepam com-petitively replaced the ligand compounds of Semen Ziz-iphi Spinosae combining BDZ receptor in brain tissue, and all the compounds with sedative and hypnotic effects were collected and identified by HPLC and LC-MS technique, as the compounds extracted from the brain tissue were administered with Semen Ziziphi Spi-nosae. The brain tissue was administered with Diaze-pam, and with Semen Ziziphi Spinosae and Diazepam. Results The HPLC chromatograms show that the peak time of BDZ receptor ligand compounds was 2. 71 min and 46. 87min, when compared with Diazepam. And the LC-MS chromatograms display the relative molecu-lar weight of the ligand compounds was 274. 28 m/z, 453. 34 m/z,496. 34 m/z and 608. 38 m/z respective-ly. According to the fingerprint of Semen Ziziphi Spi-nosae, these compounds may be fatty acid substances and lupine pill triterpene compounds. Conclusions On the basis of the principle of receptor ligand bind-ing, we established a way to quickly analyze and iden-tify the role of natural products in the same drug target compounds. The method not only can clearly define the effective components of natural products, but also clar-ify the mechanism of action of the compounds. The ac-tive ingredient of calm hypnosis in Semen Ziziphi Spi-nosae may be fatty acid substances Palmitic acid ( C16 H32 O2 ) and lupine pill triterpene compounds Alphitolic acid( C30 H48 O4 ) and Spinosin( C28 H32 O15 ) . They exert their sedative and hypnotic effects by combining with BDZ receptor, and the research has laid a theoretical foundation for the further study about mechanism of Se-men Ziziphi Spinosae.