Neural tube defects(NTD)are a common congenital malformations in humans leading to in-fant mortality or severe disability.The etiology of NTD is complicated,with both environmentaland genetic con-tributions.It has been found that the protein markers associated with NTD are mainly maternal serum alpha feto-protein,amniotic fluid alpha fetoprotein and amniotic fluid glial fibrillary acidic protein.This article reviews the protein biomarks related with NTD.

Objective To study the correlation of the incidence of diverticula in the upper gastrointestinal tract and the age increasing among the people without any symptom in digestive system. Methods Six hundred and fourty-five elderly and pre-elderly people(age from 50 to 79 years)with asymptom diverticula were divided into 3 groups basing on their age:50 to 59 years group(206 cases),60 to 69 years group(201cases) and 70 to 79 years group(238 cases).Difference in numbers and locations of the diverticula in each group were analysed. Results The patients with diverticula in each group were found to be 37 cases(18.0%)、56 cases(27.9%)and 68 cases(28.6%), respectively, showing that among these 3 groups, the incidence of diverticula increased with ages (P

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the status quo of the use of antiallergic drugs.METHODS:The antiallergic drugs used during 2004～ 2006 in the inpatient pharmacy including the non-surgery department,surgery department and pediatric department of our hospital were analyzed statistically in respect of kinds,consumption sum and DDDs.RESULTS:The antiallergic drugs had a fluctuation in consumption sum and DDDs,showing a reduction in 2006.No significant change was noted in the structure of drug use.CONCLUSION:More and more new antiallergic drugs went on the market,but the application still gives priority to the cheaper kinds.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of thymosin alpha 1 on the prognosis of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was performed to collect clinical data of 95 patients treated by Shanghai Aid Medical Team in Wuhan Third Hospital during January 31, 2020 and March 4, 2020, who were confirmed COVID-19. They were divided into two groups according to whether they were treated with thymosin alpha 1 after admission. The 28-day mortality (primary outcome), and 28-ventilator-free-day, lymphocyte count (LYM) level, C-reactive protein (CRP) level (secondary outcomes) were compared between two groups. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier curve. The effect of thymosin alpha 1 on 28-day survival was evaluated with Cox regression model.Results:Among the 95 patients, there were 31 cases in thymosin group and 64 cases in non-thymosin group; 29 patients died 28 days after admission, including 11 cases (35.5%) in thymosin group and 18 cases (28.1%) in non-thymosin group. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that thymosin alpha 1 could improve the 28-day survival of patients with COVID-19, but the univariate Cox model analysis showed that the difference was not statistically significant [hazard ratio ( HR) = 0.48, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 0.20-1.14, P = 0.098]; multivariate Cox model analysis showed that thymosin alpha 1 was the factor to improve the 28-day mortality ( HR = 0.15, 95% CI was 0.04-0.55, P = 0.004), old age ( HR = 1.10, 95% CI was 1.05-1.15, P < 0.001), accompanied by chronic renal dysfunction ( HR = 42.35, 95% CI was 2.77-648.64, P = 0.007), decrease of LYM at admission ( HR = 0.15, 95% CI was 0.04-0.60, P = 0.007) and the use of methylprednisolone ( HR = 4.59, 95% CI was 1.26-16.67, P = 0.021) were also risk factors for the increase of 28-day mortality. The use of immunoglobulin and antiviral drugs abidol and ganciclovir did not affect the 28-day mortality. After adjustment for age, gender, LYM and other factors, weighted multivariate Cox analysis model showed thymosin alpha 1 could significantly improve the 28-day survival of COVID-19 patients ( HR = 0.45, 95% CI was 0.25-0.84, P = 0.012). In terms of secondary outcomes, no statistical difference (all P > 0.05) was found between two groups in days without ventilator at 28 days after admission (days: 17.97±13.56 vs. 20.09±12.67) and the increase of LYM at 7 days after admission [×10 9/L: -0.07 (-0.23, 0.43) vs. 0.12 (-0.54, 0.41)]. But the decrease of CRP at 7 days after admission in thymosin alpha group was significantly greater than that in non-thymosin group [mg/L: 39.99 (8.44, 82.22) vs. 0.53 (-7.78, 22.93), P < 0.05]. Conclusion:Thymosin alpha 1 may improve 28-day mortality and inflammation state in COVID-19 patients.

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the potential pharmacological mechanism of the seed of Draba nemorosa， and to provide reference for further development， utilization and clinical application. METHODS： Effective components and related target proteins of D. nemorosa were screened and identified by using TCMSP and STRING database. Cytoscape 3.7.0 software was used to construct a visual network of effective components and target proteins for the seed of D. nemorosa， and the network topology analysis was performed. The targeting protein-protein interaction （PPI） network was constructed and analyzed by STRING database and Cytoscape 3.7.0 software. KEGG pathway enrichment of target proteins was analyzed by DAVID bioinformatics resource database. RESULTS： A total of 9 effective components were screened from the seed of D. nemorosa， including quercetin， kaempferol， β-sitosterol， etc. Totally 174 target proteins were obtained， mainly including PTGS2， NCOA2， PGR， etc. Among them， JUN and MAPK1 were core proteins in PPI network. KEGG enrichment pathway included PI3K/Akt signaling pathway， TNF-α signaling pathway， HIF-1 signaling pathway， Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and thyroid hormone signal pathway， etc. CONCLUSIONS： Effective components from the seed of D. nemorosa such as quercetin， kaempferol and β-sitosterol may act on PTGS2， JUN and MAPK1 target proteins through PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and TNF-α signaling pathway， thus exert the effects of purging lung， relieving asthma， promoting edema and reducing edema.