Cotinine is the best biomarker for the assessment of the exposure to environmental tobacco smoke(ETS).With the"Framework Convention on Tobacco Control"implemented in China,the hazards from ETS are increasingly concerned,the determination of cotinine in human body which reflects the internal exposure to ETS received universal recognition day by day.It is imperative to create a standardized,simple and fast method to detect cotinine in human body.The recent determination techniques of cotinine,the application in different human samples and the direction of development were introduced in the present paper.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate therapeutic progress of cerebral intravascular stent, and to evaluate biocompatlbility with host.METHODS: Articles were collected from CNKI and Medline database with the keywords of "cerebrovascular disease, stent, and therapy" in both Chinese and English from 1989 to 2009. Among 53 articles, 22 were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria; while the included articles were summarized in the fields of therapeutic progress of cerebral intravascular stent,complication following cerebral intravascular stent implantation, and biocompatlbility of cerebral intravascular stent in order to investigate the biocompatibility of various stents.RESULTS: Cerebral intravascular stent was mainly used to treat cerebral artery stenosis, cerebral aneurysm, venous sinus stenosis, and thrombus. Complications following cerebral intravascular stent implantation included carotid sinus syndrome,hypertransfusion syndrome, cerebral angiospasm, thrombosis, and restenosis. Pre-enlargement prior to implantation in the stenotic region played an important role in avoiding deformation and displacement of stent. Restenosis correlated to stent types following cerebral intravascular stent implantation. For example, metal stent could promote thrombosis; however, polymer which had an excellent biocompatibility to vessel wall was superior to metal stent, thus it could prevent endomembrane proliferation following implantation. Metal-coated stent could inhibit aggregation of platelet; additionally, drug stent could effectively prevent restenosis via high-concentration drug release for a long term.CONCLUSION: Cerebral intravascular stent is considered as an ideal tool to treat cerebrovascular disease. Metal stent has a poor compatibility, but polymer stent, coating stent, and drug stent have a good compatibility.

Objective To explore the influencing factors and timing of acute cholecystitis laparoscopic surgery.Methods One hundred and sixty acute cholecystitis patients treated with laparoscopic surgery were divided into group A (56 cases,performed treatment within 24 h),group B (42 cases,performed treatment at 24 -48 h),group C ( 40 cases,performed treatment at 49 -72 h),group D (22 cases,performed treatment after 72 h).The operation time,rate of conversion to laparotomy,length of stay and average costs were compared among four groups and analyzed the impact of laparoscopic surgery conversion to laparotomy.Results The rate of conversion to laparotomy of group D [ 59.09％(13/22) ] was significantly higher than that in group A [ 19.64％(11/56) ] (P ＜ 0.01 ).The operation time of group A was the shortest and group D was the longest.The length of stay of group D was significantly longer than other groups (P ＜ 0.05 ).The costs of the four groups had no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05 ).Single factor analysis showed that white blood cell (WBC) count,body temperature,timing of surgery,gallbladder neck calculi incarceration were correlated with conversion to laparotomy(P ＜ 0.05 ).Multifactor analysis showed that WBC count,timing of surgery were independent risk factors of conversion to laparotomy (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions WBC count,body temperature,timing of surgery,gallbladder neck calculi incarceration are correlated with acute cholecystitis laparoscopic surgery conversion to laparotomy.While WBC count and timing of surgery are independent risk factors.The best time of laparoscopic surgery is within 72 h and WBC count ＜ 15 x 109/L.

This paper introduces the background, implication and construction of the county health services community (County medical alliance) model in Anhui Province under the background of new medical reform,and briefly introduces the relationship between medical insurance, enhancing the ability to upgrade and standardize services and medical treatment integration of the typical experience.It also analyses the challenges faced in the construction of medical syndicate, such as the mechanism of regional environmental restriction, compensation and assessment mechanisms which have not been established yet, and the sustainable development of information technology that has lagged behind, and put forward the policy suggestion to improve the construction of medical community, with a view to providing reference for the next work.

Objective:To investigate the characteristic and the hearing change of hearing thresholds of the infants failing in the hearing screening.Method:802 infants(1179 ears) with hearing screening record were reviewed in the study. They had hearing screened by otoacoustic emissions (OAE).However, they failed in the first or & and second hearing screening. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) , distortion product otoacoustic emissions(DPOAE) and acoustic immittance measurement were examined. Subjects with abnormal hearing-evaluation were retested during the following 1-3 months (before 6-month-old). To analysis the characteristic and the hearing change of hearing thresholds of the tests.Result:Among 802 cases(1179 ears),the ratio of single-ear(53.2%) is higher than both-ears(39.5%), P<0.05. And there are no significance between the two groups in the ration of severe abnormal hearing-evaluation ;25.8% infants once suffered from hypercholesterolenia failed in the hearing screening,which was higer than the other known risk factors.P＜0.05; Threatened abortion group has found no cases of severe hearing abnormalities; The ratio of severe abnormal hearing-evaluation in family history hearing loss group (40.9%) was higher than other high-risk factors, followed by two or more risk fators group(10.8%);56.9% of the infance who did not pass the hearing screening were found none risk factors, 42.3% of the infances who had high risk factors was normal hearing level;96 cases(138 ears) undergone twice assesement, in morderat disorder group, more cases(74.3%) changed better , and less disorder group(40.9%), severe disorder group (33.3%).Seven ears became worse; Among abnormal hearing induced by different high-risk factors, the proportion of hearing improvement in children with moderate abnormal hearing was higher than that in children with slight abnormal hearing. Ten cases(12 ears) diagnosised auditory neuropathy.Conclusion:The important factors make the follow-up decision incluing perinatal history,hearing level and age.Maybe some high-factors we did not realized. Gene screening should be paied more attention in the future work.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the auditory steady-state response (ASSR) test data of severe sensorineural hearing loss children with cochlear lesion and those with retrocochlear lesion and find some specific phenomena of retrocochlear lesion in ASSR, then to improve diagnostic accuracy in clinical practice. METHOD: Between 2008 to 2012. 96 children (179 ears) were diagnosed with "retrocochlear auditory nerve lesion" and recieved ASSR test (" retrocochlear lesion" group). Eighty-one (143 ears) the same age children (143 ears) were diagnosed as "cochlear auditory nerve lesion" and selected them as the "cochlear lesion" group. Twenty-six (50 ears) normal hearing children at the same age who had ASSR test records selected from the pediatric hearing center database of our hospital were selected as "normal control" group. Compare the difference of ASSR threshold, ASSR elicit rate and ASSR audiogram among the three groups. RESULT: (1) ASSR threshold: Compared each frequency threshold in ASSR test with cochlear.lesion group, the retrocochlear lesion group with wave V and wave I had no significant difference in 500 Hz and 1000 Hz but had significant difference in 2000 Hz and 4000 Hz. As for the retrocochlear lesion group without wave V and wave I, there was a decline in 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz and 4000 Hz compared with cochlear lesion group. (1) ASSR elicit rate: When compared to retrocochlear lesion group, the cochlear lesion group had a significance lower elicit rate in the four frequency. (3) Number of elicit reactions in ASSR test . In the retrocochlear lesion group, the elicit reactions in all the four frequency in ASSR test was significantly higher than ochlear lesion group. (4) ASSR audiogram type. The proportion of rising curve audiogram in retrocochlear lesion group was 26.83% (with wave I and wave V), 40% (with wave I and without wave V ) and 33.80% (without wave I and wave V). CONCLUTION (1) Children with a severe hearing loss in ABR test and a rise type audiogram in ASSR test should be most possibly considered as retrocochlear lesion. (2) ASSR threshold cannot be used in determinate the severity of hearing loss in children with retrocochlear lesion.
Auditory Threshold ; Child ; Cochlea ; pathology ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; diagnosis ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Labyrinth Diseases ; Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases ; diagnosis

Objective:To study the preventive and therapeutic effects of silk fibroin peptides (SFP) on acute alcoholism in mice. Methods:In first experiment, the mice were randomly divided into four groups, and every group was treated by 56o alcohol (ethanol dosage 7.56 ml/kg bw) via i.g. Eighty mice were fed normal saline (NS) and different dosages of SFP (0.1, 0.5, 2.5 g/kg bw) 30 min later respectively, then the rate of ebriety and time of sobriety were determined. Another 72 mice were also divided into four groups and given NS and SFP similarly. The concentration of ethanol in serum was measured 1 h, 2 h and 4 h later respectively. In second experiment, the mice were also divided into four similar groups, but 56o alcohol was given at 6.16 ml/kg?bw via i.g. NS and SFP were given similarly, 0.5 h before alcohol. Two experiments were performed to observe the effect of SFP on prevention of temulence. Results:The time of sobriety and concentration of ethanol of SFP groups fed 0.5 and 2.5g/kg bw were lower significantly than those of NS group (P

Objective:The effect of the linseeds,VE and ethoxyquinoline in feed on the productive performance of the Hailanhong layers and ?-3 PUFA deposition in the yolk of laying eggs was studied. Method:Four hundred and eighty healthy layers of 48 weeks of age were randomly selected. The linseeds,VE and ethoxyquinoline of different levels in diet were fed on these layers. The indices of the productive performance and the fatty acids content of yolk were determined. The regression model of the fatty acids deposition was established. Results:The effect of the linseeds,VE and ethoxyquinoline in feed on the productive performance was slight. The most deposition of ?-3 PUFA was found by adding linseeds 15%,VE 0.17g/kg feed without ethoxyquinoline. Conclusion:The deposition of ?-3 PUFA in eggs could be regulated by controlling the proportion of linseeds and VE in feed with no effect on productive performance of layers.

Objective To observe the effects of secoisolariciresinol (SECO) and its metabolites, enterolactone (ENL) and enterodiol (END), on proliferation of MCF-7 cell line and to the probable mechanism. Method Effect of SECO, END, ENL and genistein (GEN) on MCF-7 proliferation was investigated by MTT assay. Cell cycle arrest was measured by flow cytometry (FCM). Cell morphology was observed by optical microscope. The anticarcinogenic mechanism of SECO was analyzed. Results SECO had promotive effect on the cell growth at lower concentration (≤40 ?mol/L) but inhibition effect at higher concentration (100 ?mol/L). ENL and END, however, showed significant inhibition effect at all tested concentrations (10~100?mol/L). The cell cycle progression was arrested at G2/M phase and apoptosis was observed by optical microscope. Conclusion Effect of SECO on the MCF-7 cell proliferation depends on its concentration. Inhibition effect of SECO may relate to its metabolites ENL or END.

Objective:To investigate the effects of Chinese Medicinals with right supporting and phlegm transforming actions on albumin synthesis and secretion of fibrous hepatic cells of rat in vitro. Methods: Amygdalin, the water soluble extract of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, lordyceps, and colchicine were used to act on fibrous hepatic cells of rat produced by primary monolayer culture in vitro. The results were determined by ELISA method. Results: Besides colchicine, the others amygdalin and cordyceps. Cordyceps, the water soluble extract of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) showed the obvious raising actions on albumin synthesis and secretion of fibrous hepatic cells of rat ( P