OBJECTIVE:To strengthen the reporting and monitoring of adverse drug reactions(ADR)in primary health care institutions.METHODS:A monitoring network for primary health care institutions was set up;the ADR monitoring system in primary health care institutions was improved and the monitoring ability of the monitoring personnel in primary health care institutions was enhanced.RESULTS:The ADR reporting and monitoring proceeded smoothly and both the quantity and the quality of ADR reporting enhanced significantly.CONCLUSION:Effective mechanism and means on ADR monitoring contribute to the improvement of ADR monitoring level in primary health care institutions.

In order to understand the academic attitude of medical postgraduates,a questionnaire survey was conducted among full-time postgraduate students.The impacts of working experience,gender,marriage status and source on the academic attitude were analyzed,and the improved suggestion and presumption for academic attitude were provided.

Objective To compare the dosimetric differences of permanent prostate braehytherapy utilizing 131Cs,125 I and 103 Pd seeds.Methods Twenty-five patients with T1-T2c prostate cancer who had previously implanted with 125I seeds were randomly selected in our study.The patients were re-planned with 131 Cs,125 I and 103 Pd seeds by using the Prowess Brachytherpay 3.1 planning system to the prescription doses of 115 Gy,145 Gy and 125 Gy,respectively.The seed strengths were 1.8 U,0.5 U and 1.8 U,respeetively. The prostate,prostatic urethra and anterior wall of the rectum were contoured on trans-rectal ultrasound ima ges.PTV was outlined based on the prostate volume with no margin applied.The attempted planning goals were that V100(tbe percentage volume of the prostate receiving at least 100% of the prescription doses)= 95%,D90 (the minimum percentage dose covering 90% of the prostate volume) ≥100% ,and prostatic ure thra UD10 (the maximum percentage dose receiving by 10% of the contoured urethra)≤150%.For the plan comparison,we also computed prostate V150,prostatic urethra UV120,rectum RV100,and the number of implan ted seeds and needles.The significance of the differences was tested using one way analysis of variance. Results The average V200 in the 103pd,125 I and 131 Cs plans were 28.7% ,20.9% and 19.6% (F=42.50, P =0.000) ;the average V150 were 51.9% ,42.1% and 39.4% (F=26.15,P =0.000) ;the average UV120 were 26.9% ,29.5% and 23.8% (F = 0.37,P =0.691) ; and the average rectum RV100 were 0.31 cm3, 0.22 cm3 and 0.19 cm3(F=0.43,P=0.652).For 103 Pd,124 I and 131 Cs,the average number of implanted seeds per cm3 prostate were 2.02,2.01 and 1.87(F = 1.92 ,P =0.154) ,and the average number of needles were 33.6,32.9 and 31.6(F=0.26,P=0.772). Conclusions Comparing to 124 I and 103 pd seeds used in permanent prostate brachytherapy ,131 Cs seeds has better dose homogeneity,and possible better sparing of the urethra and rectum,with comparable or less implanted seeds and needles.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the curative effect of Xiaoer chiqiao qingre granule in treating child common cold fever (stagnant type).METHODS:A total of 118 cases with child common cold fever(stagnant type) were randomly assigned to receive Xiaoer chiqiao qingre granule (treatment group,n=60) or ribovirin tablet,Ertangganmao granule(control group,n=58) tid for 3 days.The antipyretic time, clinical effective rate, and improvement in clinical symptoms were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There outcome indexes including the antipyretic time,the clinical effective rate,and the improvement in clinical symptoms in the treatment group was significnatly better than in the control group(P

OBJECTIVE: To explore the factors,general pattern and characteristics of adverse drug reactions(ADR) in children.METHODS: A total of 188 pediatric ADR reports collected in our city from Jan.2002 to Sept.2007 were statistically analyzed in respect of children's age and sex,route of administration,ADR severity,category of drugs involved,organs or systems involved and clinical manifestations etc.RESULTS: Of the 188 pediatric ADR cases,95(50.5%) were induced by intravenous route.A total of 112 kinds of drugs were involved in the ADR,with anti-infective agents showing the highest proportion.Digestive system,neural system,urinary system and skin etc were involved in the ADR.CONCLUSION: Clinic should attach great importance to the monitoring and reporting of pediatric ADR to reduce or avoid the occurrence of ADR.

Stereotactic body radiation therapy ( SBRT ) for locally advanced pancreatic cancer ( LAPC) shows good signs of efficacy as measured by local control,which can also reduce toxicity. The dose fractionation in foreign countries have changed from conventional fractionation to single fraction and finally moderate hypofractionation. It is similar to that in China, with the dose fractionation changing from conventional fractionation to moderate hypofractionation. This review introduces the latest research results of dose fractionation of SBRT for LAPC.

Objective: To investigate the trends in incidence and mortality of stroke in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province from 2012 to 2021, so as to provide the evidence for improving the stroke control strategy in Ningbo City. Methods: Data pertaining to the stroke incidence and mortality in Ningbo City from 2012 to 2021 were captured from Ningbo Municipal Chronic Disease Collaborative Management System, and the incidence and mortality of stroke was estimated and standardized by the Sixth National Population Census in 2010. The trends in incidence and mortality of stroke were evaluated using annual percent change (APC) in Ningbo City from 2012 to 2021. Results: A total of 185 747 residents with stroke were reported in Ningbo City from 2012 to 2021. The crude incidence of stroke was 312.78/105 in Ningbo City from 2012 to 2021, which appeared a tendency towards a rise (APC=2.429%, t=5.507, P<0.001), and the standardized incidence of stroke was 188.86/105, with no remarkable changes seen (APC=-0.399%, t=-1.544, P=0.161). There were 47 355 deaths due to stroke in Ningbo City from 2012 to 2021, and the crude and standardized mortality rates were 79.74/105 and 42.79/105, which both appeared a tendency towards a decline (APC=-4.778%, t=-6.867, P<0.001; APC=-8.269%, t=-13.729, P<0.001). Higher standardized incidence and mortality were seen among men (226.05/105 and 50.14/105) than among women (153.37/105 and 35.89/105), and the crude incidence and mortality of stroke appeared a tendency towards a rise with age (χ2trend=3 671.325, 1 419.107, both P<0.001). The standardized incidence and mortality of hemorrhagic stroke were 40.38/105 and 18.56/105, both showing a tendency towards a decline (APC=-5.042%, t=-12.958, P<0.001; APC=-11.570%, t=-14.979, P<0.001), and the standardized incidence of ischemic stroke was 143.91/105, appearing a tendency towards a rise (APC=1.254%, t=3.223, P=0.012), while the standardized mortality of ischemic stroke was 19.65/105, with no obvious changes seen (APC=-2.110%, t=-2.150, P=0.064). Conclusions The incidence of stroke appeared a tendency towards a rise and the mortality appeared a tendency towards a decline in Ningbo City from 2012 to 2021. Men and the elderly are at high risk of stroke.

The design of a conventional radiotherapy plan is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process, and relevant parameters need to be continuously adjusted in the plan optimization to identify the optimal plan. In addition, experience differences between planners, time invested in plan design, and institutional standards all affect the quality of the plan, which in turn influences clinical outcomes and patient prognosis. In recent years, automatic planning has developed rapidly, which can improve the efficiency of planning design while ensuring the quality of the plan. At present, there are several methods dedicated to the automation of radiotherapy planning design, such as the Rapid Plan and Auto-Planning functions in Eclipse and Pinnacle commercial treatment planning systems, and there are also studies applying artificial intelligence technology in dose prediction to achieve automatic planning. In this article, the research progress on automatic radiotherapy planning was reviewed, and the realization principles, clinical efficacy and existing problems of various automatic planning methods were illustrated.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and efficiency of electronic portal imaging device for dosimetric verification of intensity-modulated radiation therapy.Methods 10 patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy were verified using the electronic portal imaging device of aS1000 from Varian and MatriXX from IBA.The gamma pass rate and time needed was recorded and compared.Results The gamma pass rate at 3％/3 mm was 95.82％ (94.77％-96.86％) and 99.08％ (98.72％-99.45％) with aS1000 and MatriXX,respectively.The average time needed for dosimetric verification with aS1000 and MatriXX was 12.7 and 47.8 min,respectively.Conclusions The electronic portal imaging device of aS1000 has the potential as a tool for IMRT dosimetric verification.It is more convenient and efficient than MatriXX.

Objective To analyze the patient-specific dosimetric verification results of 2010 intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans from different treatment sites,and provide a reference for improving the patient-specific dosimetric verification program.Methods A total of 2 010 (965 IMRT and 1 045 VMAT) patient-specific dosimetric verification results were reviewed for isocenter dose difference and percentage of pixels passing planar dose γ analysis.All plans were designed with Eclipse planning system and delivered with Trilogy linear accelerator from February 2012 to February 2016.The dosimetric verification was performed with MatriXX array together with Muhicube phantom.Point dose difference larger than ± 3％ and/or γ pass rate (3％/ 3 mm) less than 90％ was defined as plan failure.Additional analysis was conducted for trends in difference of pass rates with treatment site and delivery technique (IMRT vs.VMAT).Results The mean isocenter difference between measured and calculated doses was-0.3％ ± 2.4％ for 2 010 plans.The mean percentage of pixels passing the γ criteria was 97.9％ ± 3.4％.88.2％ and 96.7％ of plans passed the point and planar dose verification,respectively.The γ pass rate was different among the treatment sites (F =3.09,P ＜ 0.05).The pass rate of point and planar dose difference was different among the treatment sites(x2 =40.93,39.15,P ＜0.05).There was no difference between IMRT and VMAT plans for both point dose and planar dose evaluation (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Most of IMRT and VMAT plans passed the tolerance criteria of ±3％ and 90％ for point and planar dose verification with MatriXX together with Multicube phantom,respectively.Both point and planar dose verification results varied among treatment sites,whereas no significant difference was found between IMRT and VMAT.