ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture at Huiyang (BL35) and Zhongliao (BL33) plus scalp acupuncture in treating female stress urinary incontinence (SUI), for providing clinical evidence in the treatment of SUI.Method Ninety eligible female SUI patients were randomized into an observation group and a control group. The observation group was intervened by electroacupuncture at Huiyang and Zhongliao plus scalp acupuncture, while the control group was asked to practice contracting anus. The urine leakage degree, residual urine volume in bladder and clinical efficacy were compared.ResultAfter treatment, there was a significant difference in comparing urine leakage degree between the two groups (P<0.05); there was a significant between-group difference in comparing the residual urine volume (P<0.05); the cured and markedly-effective rate was 62.2% in the observation group versus 35.6% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). ConclusionElectroacupuncture at Huiyang and Zhongliao plus scalp acupuncture can produce a more significant clinical efficacy compared with rehabilitation training in treating female SUI.

[Objective]To improve the teaching quality ofMeridians and Acupoints. [Methods]Based on the ten-year experience of teaching the course ofMeridians and Acupoints, the authors suggest three issues on how to study well with this subject. [Results] The first, using the comparing method to remember meridians and acupoints, always do analysis and summary are all important ways to learn the basic knowledge.The second, understanding the property of acupoints, make prescription of acupoints like the way of making Chinese herbal formula according to syndrome differentiation, can cultivate students' dialectical thinking and improve the ability of diagnosis and treatment in acupuncture clinic.The third, introducing the origin,history and development of each meridian and some special acupoints. [Conclusion]The above three suggestions can help students to learn better about the science of acupuncture,and improve their professional thinking, and mine the potential ability of innovation.

AIM: To investigate the effect of puerarin (Pur) on expression of Fas/FasL mRNA in lung tissue during pulmonary ischemia and reperfusion injury(PIRI) in rabbits.METHODS: Single lung ischemia and reperfusion animal model was used.The rabbits were randomly divided into three groups,sham operated group(sham,n=10),PIR group(I-R,n=30) and PIR+ Pur group(Pur,n=30).Changes of several parameters included apoptotic index(AI),wet to dry ratio of lung tissue weight(W/D) and index of quantitative assessment of histologic lung injury(IQA) were measured at 60,180 and 300 minutes after reperfusion in lung tissue.Meanwhile,the location and expression of Fas/FasL mRNA were observed.Lung tissue was prepared for light microscopic and electron microscopic observation at 60,180,300 minutes after reperfusion.RESULTS: As compared with group I-R,Fas/FasL mRNA slightly expressed in intima and extima of small pulmonary artery,alveoli,and bronchiole epithelia in group Pur.The values of AI,W/D and IQA showed significantly lower than that in group I-R at 60,180,300 minutes after reperfusion in lung tissue(P

Objective To investigate the effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHCD) on tramadol dependence and c-fos,△ FosB and M5 receptor expression in relevant brain regions in rats.Methods Thirty male adult SD rats weighing 180-220 g were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n =10 each):control group (group C),tramadol dependence group (group T) and PHCD group (group P).Tramadol dependence was induced by subcutaneous 10 mg/kg once a day for 7 consecutive days in groups T and P.PHCD 1.5 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally on day 8 in group P,while in groups C and T the equal volume of normal saline was injected intraperitoneally instead of PHCD.The rats underwent conditioned place perference test at 30 min after intraperitoneal injection.The time spent in drug-paired side (gray area) was recorded.The rats were sacrificed after the conditioned place perference testand the brain was removed.The relevant brain regions (ventral tegmental area,prefrontal cortex,nucleus accumbens )were separated for determination of c-fos,△ FosB expression by Western blot and M5 receptor mRNA expression by RT-PCR.Results Compared with group C,the time spent in the drug-paired side (gray area) was significantly prolonged,and c-fos,△FosB and M5 receptor mRNA expressions were up-regulated in group T,△FosB and Ms receptor mRNA expressions were down-regulated in group P ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ).There was no significant difference in time spent in the drug-paired side (gray area) and c-fos expression between groups C and P( P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group T,the time spent in the drug-paired side (gray area) was significantly shortened,and c-fos,△ FosB and M5 receptor mRNA expressions were down-regulated in group P (P ＜0.01).Conclusion PHCD can significantly inhibit tramadol dependence by down-regulating c-fos,△FosB and M5 receptor expression in relevant brain regions.

Objective To investigate the dosimetric effect of multi-leaf collimator (MLC)transmission on intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).Methods MLC transmission through theleaves and rounded ends were measured with ion chamber for Varian Trilogy linear accelerator with the X-ray of 6 MV and 10 MV.The intraleaf and interleaf transmission were also measured with the electronic portal imaging device of aS1000.10 tumor patients treated with IMRT were used to evaluate the MLC parameters modeling in the Eclipse treatment planning system.Results The average transmissions of Millennium MLC were 1.6％ and 1.8％ for 6 MV and 10 MV X-rays.The transmission increased with the field size and depth of measurement.The transmissions at off axis position were a little lower than those on the central axis.The intraleaf transmissions measured with aS1000 were 0.8％-1.2％ and 1.1％-1.6％,the interleaf transmission were 1.3％-1.9％ and 1.6％-2.5％ for 6 MV and 10 MV X-rays respectively.Modeling with the measured MLC parameters,the Eclipse treatment planning system could calculate the dose distribution accurately.The γ pass rate at 3％ 3 mm was above 95％,except for two patients with nasopharyngeal cancer with the pass rate of 93.6％ and 94.5％.Conclusions The transmissions through the MLC leaves and the leaf ends contribute to the dose throughout the target significantly for IMRT.MLC transmission varied with the field size,depth of measurement and off axis position.

Objective To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with diode array detection to simultaneously determine carbamazepine,phenytoin,and phenobarbital in serum.Methods Extraction solvent (800μl ethylene acetate) and sample (0.2 ml) was mixed,extracted for 2 min,and centrifuged (3500 r/min,4 minutes).A volume (600 μl) of extract liquor was volatilized to dryness in water bath with the volatilization temperature 75 ℃,then was redissolved with 1.0 ml mobile phase.Analysis conditions was column temperature 30°,mobile phase (methanol∶ water =40∶60),and detection wavelength of 254 nm.Three metabolites were effectively separated.Results Under the optimized condition,calibration curves of three metabolites were linear in the ranges of (1.52 ～ 120 mg/L) and the correlation coefficients were not less than 0.999.The detection limits (S/N =3) were in the range of 0.4 ～ 1.5 mg/L.The spiked recoveries were in the range of 91.3％ ～ 111％ with relative standard deviations (RSD) less than 5％.Conclusions The optimal pretreatment condition for the sample was established.The chromatographic separation and the detection condition were optimized.The method was sensitive and accurate,and could meet the need of monitoring serum drug concentration.

Objective:To investigate the effects of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBH) on the expression of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac) and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) in mitochondrial pathway after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.Methods:From March to December in 2019, 45 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operation, model and TBH groups. Rat models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were established by ligation of the left carotid artery. Rat neurological function was evaluated to exclude the rats that failed in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury induction. Ten rats were left in each group. At 0.5 and 12 hours after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, rats in the TBH group were treated by intragastric administration of 12.5 mg/kg TBH and those in the sham-operation and model groups were identically treated by intragastric administration of equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride injection. After 24 hours of reperfusion, rat neurological function was assessed in each group. Then the rats were killed and the brains were harvested. Apoptosis of nerve cells was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the brain tissue were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. XIAP- and Smac-positive cell count and protein expression were determined by immunohistochemical staining and western blot assay, respectively.Results:Rat neurological function score in the TBH group was significantly lower than that in the model group [(1.36 ± 0.49) points vs. (3.73 ± 0.97) points, t = 6.896, P < 0.001]. In the TBH group, a large number of apoptotic nerve cells were found in the ischemic cerebral cortex, but the number of apoptotic nerve cells in the TBH group was significantly smaller than that in the model group. In the model group, SOD level was significantly lower, MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β levels were significantly higher compared with the sham-operation group [SOD: (51.94 ± 3.46) U/mg vs. (70.68 ± 2.67) U/mg, t = 13.560, P < 0.001; MDA: (5.69 ± 0.78) nmol/mg vs. (1.20 ± 0.96) nmol/mg, t = 11.479, P < 0.001; TNF-α: (89.36 ± 9.84) pg/mg vs. (40.53 ± 4.35) pg/mg, t = 14.353, P < 0.001; IL-1β: (41.35 ± 6.79) pg/mg vs. (17.22 ± 2.31) pg/mg, t = 10.639, P < 0.001]. In the TBH group, SOD level was significantly higher, MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β levels were significantly lower compared with the model group [SOD: (51.94 ± 3.46) U/mg vs. (68.84 ± 5.03) U/mg, t = 8.754, P < 0.001; MDA: (5.69 ± 0.78) nmol/mg vs. (2.46 ± 0.48) nmol/mg, t = 11.153, P < 0.001; TNF-α: (89.36 ± 9.84) pg/mg vs. (57.64 ± 6.22) pg/mg, t = 8.617, P < 0.001; IL-1β: (41.35 ± 6.79) pg/mg vs. (23.84 ± 5.48) pg/mg, t = 6.346, P < 0.001]. XIAP- and Smac-positive cell count and protein expression in the model group were significantly greater than those in the sham-operation group [XIAP-positive cell count: (22.63 ± 4.37) vs. (12.39 ± 3.18), t = 5.992, P < 0.001, Smac-positive cell count: (47.58 ± 6.94) vs. (5.64 ± 1.35), t = 18.759, P < 0.001; XIAP protein expression: (0.53 ± 0.08) vs. (0.24 ± 0.05), t = 9.721, P < 0.001; Smac protein expression: (0.92 ± 0.15) > ( 0.36 ± 0.05), t = 11.200, P < 0.001 ]. In the TBH group, XIAP-positive cell count and XIAP protein expression were significantly higher and Smac-positive cell count and Smac protein expression were significantly lower compared with the model group [XIAP-positive cell count: (36.78 ± 5.26) vs. (22.63 ± 4.37), t = 6.543, P < 0.001, Smac-positive cell count: (31.74 ± 4.26) vs. (47.58 ± 6.94), t = 6.151, P < 0.001; XIAP protein expression: (0.79 ± 0.10) vs. (0.53 ± 0.08), t = 6.420, P < 0.001, Smac protein expression: (0.70 ± 0.09) vs. (0.92 ± 0.15), t = 3.977, P < 0.001]. Conclusion:TBH can effectively reduce neuronal apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, which may be related to the regulation of XIAP and Smac signaling pathways.

OBJECTIVETo verify the clinical effect of the penetration acupuncture at the acupoints of governor vessel(GV) and bladder meridian on head for mild cognitive disorder after stroke.

METHODSOne hundred and ten patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 55 cases in each one. Penetration acupuncture was used at the acupoints of GV and bladder meridian on head in the observation group,namely Wuchu (BL 5) to Chengguang (BL 6) and Tongtian (BL 7) to Luoque (BL 8) bilaterally, and Shenting (GV 24) to Xinhui (GV 22), Qianding (GV 21) to Baihui (GV 20), Houding (GV 19) to Qiangjian (GV 18). Body acupuncture and conventional western medication were applied in the both two groups. Acupuncture was adopted once a day, five times a week and eight weeks totally. The changes of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Mini mental state examination scale(MMSE), self-rating depressive scale (SDS) and activities of daily living scale (Barthel index) were compared between the two groups before treatment, in the middle of treatment(at the forth week) after treatment(at the eighth week) and in three weeks after treatment(follow-up).

RESULTSAfter treatment of four and eight weeks and at the time of follow-up, the results of MoCA, MMSE, SDS and Barthel index were apparently im proved compared with those before treatment in the two groups (all P < 0.01). After treatment of eight weeks and at the time of follow-up, the scores of MoCA and SDS were obviously improved in the observation group compared with those in the control group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The improvements of MMSE in the observation group were more marked than those in the control group at all times (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). But there was no statistical significance about the change of Barthel index between the two groups (all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPenetration acupuncture at the acupoints of GV and bladder meridian on head can remarkablely improve the cognitive function of the patients with mild cognitive disorder after stroke,and have some efficacy of relieving the bad mood such as depression.

Activities of Daily Living ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cognition ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; drug therapy ; etiology ; psychology ; therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meridians ; Middle Aged ; Stroke ; complications ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND: Valsartan is an antagonist of angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ ) receptor. Many researches have proved that it can protect heart tissue. Val-PREST suggests that valsartan with a long-term administration can decrease restenosis rate in stent; however, effect of valsartan on restenosis rate of Chinese population is still unclear presently.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of oral valsartan for 6 months on patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) who undertook successful intervention therapy.DESIGN: Multicenter, double blind, randomized, and controlled evaluation and prospective design.SETTING: Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University; Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University; Peking Union Hospital; People's Hospital of Peking University; Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University; Beijing Shijingshan Hospital; Beijing Fuxing Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University;Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Eight three-grade A hospitals in Beijing participated in the study. Since December 2002 to October 2003, a total of 200 patients who underwent bare mental stent implantation were consented, but 196 patients were recruited in the end. All 196 patients were randomized into valsartan group (100 cases) and control group (96 cases).METHODS: Basic medicines in the two group included aspirin, clopidogrel, nitrides, statins, β-receptor antagonists, calcium channel antagonists, etc. Additionally, Patients in valsartan group were also given valsartan (Beijing Nuohua Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., batch number: SD 34004) in a dosage of 80 mg a day. Both groups were followed-up once a month for total 6 months.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Major adverse cardiac events within 6 months on clinics (death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, hospitalisation once more due to recurrent myocardial ischemia, and target vessel revascularization); ② Results of duplicated coronary angiography or exercise treadmill test (ETT) of partial patients within 6 months.RESULTS: ① Two patients (2%) in valsartan group were excluded in this study because of intolerance, so 194 patients were involved in the final analysis. ② No significant differences of baseline characteristics in terms of lesion type, the number of diseased vessels and the cardiac function were found between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05). ③ During the period of 6-month follow-up, one case died in control group. One acute myocardial infarction occurred in each group, whilst one case undertook target vessel revascularization in valsartan group. It was found that the proportion of recurrent cardiac events was lower in valsartan group than that in control group (11.2% vs. 15.6%). However, this difference did not reach the statistic significance. ④ During the period of 6-month duplicated contrast examination, one case had restenosis of in-stent in valsartan group. ⑤ The positive rate of exercise treadmill test (ETT) was lower in valsartan group (25.7%) than that in control group (36.4%), but there was no statistic difference.CONCLUSION: Six-month oral valsartan on patients with coronary heart disease who undertook successful intervention therapy can decrease the trend of recurrent cardiac events and positive rate of ETT.

Objective·To investigate the correlation of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of complement factor H (CFH) gene with schizophrenia in Chinese Han population.Methods·The genotype,allele,and haplotype frequencies of 5 SNP loci (rs800292,rs 1061170,rs 10801555,rs 10922096 and rs2019727) in CFH gene were compared between 418 patients with schizophrenia (case group) and 655 normal people (control group) by SNaPshot technique.Results·All SNP loci were well genotyped in the subjects.Correlation analysis showed that rs1061170 locus allele frequency distribution difference between case group and control group was statistically significant (corrected P=0.045),while genotype and allele frequencies of other SNP loci were not significantly different (all corrected P＞0.05).The frequency of haplotype C-A-T-A-A (rs800292-rs1061170-rs10801555-rs10922096-rs2019727) in case group was different from that in control group (corrected P=0.013).Conclusion·The allele polymorphisms of rsl061170 and the haplotype C-A-T-A-A of rs800292-rs 1061170-rs 10801555-rs 10922096-rs2019727 may be associated with schizophrenia in Chinese Han population.